Details of Drug

Drug General Information (ID: D0926)
Drug Name	Licorice
Drug Type	Natural product
Drug Synonymous	Licorice acid; 85441-51-6; (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,11S,12aR,14aR,14bS)-11-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl]oxy]-6-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid;zinc; Licorice; Licorice acid zinc; (3ss)-30-hydroxy-30-oxooleana-11,13(18)-dien-3-yl 2-O-ss-D-glucopyranuronosyl-a-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid; alpha-D-Glucopyranosiduronic acid, (3beta,20beta)-20-carboxy-11-oxo-30-norolean-12-en-3-yl 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-, zinc salt Click to Show/Hide
Therapeutic Class	Herbal Products
Structure
Structure	3D Structure		2D Structure
Formula	C42H62O16Zn
InChI	InChI=1S/C42H62O16.Zn/c1-37(2)21-8-11-42(7)31(20(43)16-18-19-17-39(4,36(53)54)13-12-38(19,3)14-15-41(18,42)6)40(21,5)10-9-22(37)55-35-30(26(47)25(46)29(57-35)33(51)52)58-34-27(48)23(44)24(45)28(56-34)32(49)50;/h16,19,21-31,34-35,44-48H,8-15,17H2,1-7H3,(H,49,50)(H,51,52)(H,53,54);/t19-,21-,22-,23-,24-,25-,26-,27+,28-,29-,30+,31+,34-,35-,38+,39-,40-,41+,42+;/m0./s1
InChIKey	ZZPQSQFQHIGCRC-OOFFSTKBSA-N
Canonical SMILES	C[C@]12CC[C@](C[C@H]1C3=CC(=O)[C@@H]4[C@]5(CC[C@@H](C([C@@H]5CC[C@]4([C@@]3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O[C@@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)C(=O)O)O)O)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)C(=O)O)O)O)O)C)(C)C(=O)O.[Zn]
External Link
External Link	Pubchem ID	163463

Drug-Drug Interaction Network
Sunburst Graph		Legend Information AM006 Pharmacodynamic additive effects AM007 Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects BM065 Increased risk of hypokalemia BM089 Antagonize the effect of antihypertensive agents
Relation Graph

Full list of drugs interacting with Licorice
Pharmacodynamic additive effects
	Increased risk of hypokalemia					Drug Num: 28
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0012		Acetazolamide	C4H6N4O3S2	1986	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0075		Amphotericin B	C47H73NO17	5280965	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0076		Amphotericin B (cholesteryl sulfate)	C47H73NO17	5280965	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0077		Amphotericin B (lipid complex)	C47H73NO17	5280965	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0078		Amphotericin B (liposomal)	C47H73NO17	5280965	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0158		Bendroflumethiazide	C15H14F3N3O4S2	2315	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0166		Benzthiazide	C15H14ClN3O4S3	2343	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0217		Bumetanide	C17H20N2O5S	2471	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0252		Capreomycin	C50H88N28O15	3000502	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0321		Chlorothiazide	C7H6ClN3O4S2	2720	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0326		Chlorthalidone	C14H11ClN2O4S	2732	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0344		Cisplatin	Cl2H6N2Pt	5702198	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0479		Diclofenamide	C6H6Cl2N2O4S2	3038	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0490		Digitoxin	C41H64O13	441207	Moderate		Inter Info	[7], [8], [6]
D0491		Digoxin	C41H64O14	2724385	Moderate		Inter Info	[9], [10], [4], [7], [5], [8], [11], [12], [6], [13], [1]
D0613		Etacrynic acid	C13H12Cl2O4	3278	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0644		Fenoldopam	C16H16ClNO3	3341	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0694		Foscarnet	CH3O5P	3415	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0704		Furosemide	C12H11ClN2O5S	3440	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0771		Hydrochlorothiazide	C7H8ClN3O4S2	3639	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0775		Hydroflumethiazide	C8H8F3N3O4S2	3647	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0798		Indapamide	C16H16ClN3O3S	3702	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D1018		Methazolamide	C5H8N4O3S2	4100	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D1048		Metolazone	C16H16ClN3O3S	4170	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D1311		Polythiazide	C11H13ClF3N3O4S3	4870	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D1605		Tolevamer	C11H16O3S	58817179	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D1611		Torasemide	C16H20N4O3S	41781	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D1633		Trichlormethiazide	C8H8Cl3N3O4S2	5560	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
	Antagonize the effect of antihypertensive agents					Drug Num: 88
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0010		Acebutolol	C18H28N2O4	1978	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0036		Alfuzosin	C19H27N5O4	2092	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0038		Aliskiren	C30H53N3O6	5493444	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0046		Alprostadil	C20H34O5	5280723	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0053		Ambrisentan	C22H22N2O4	6918493	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0058		Amiloride	C6H8ClN7O	16231	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0069		Amlodipine	C20H25ClN2O5	2162	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0083		Amyl Nitrite	C5H11NO2	10026	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0117		Atenolol	C14H22N2O3	2249	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0138		Azilsartan medoxomil	C30H24N4O8	135409642	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0156		Benazepril	C24H28N2O5	5362124	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0170		Bepridil	C24H34N2O	2351	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0173		Betaxolol	C18H29NO3	2369	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0188		Bisoprolol	C18H31NO4	2405	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0194		Bosentan	C27H29N5O6S	104865	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0254		Captopril	C9H15NO3S	44093	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0265		Carteolol	C16H24N2O3	2583	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0267		Carvedilol	C24H26N2O4	2585	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0352		Clevidipine	C21H23Cl2NO6	153994	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0363		Clonidine	C9H9Cl2N3	2803	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0396		Cyclandelate	C17H24O3	2893	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0444		Deserpidine	C32H38N2O8	8550	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0474		Diazoxide	C8H7ClN2O2S	3019	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0497		Diltiazem	C22H26N2O4S	39186	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0524		Doxazosin	C23H25N5O5	3157	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0567		Enalapril	C20H28N2O5	5388962	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0585		Eplerenone	C24H30O6	443872	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0586		Epoprostenol	C20H32O5	5282411	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0587		Eprosartan	C23H24N2O4S	5281037	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0602		Esmolol	C16H25NO4	59768	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0640		Felodipine	C18H19Cl2NO4	3333	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0695		Fosinopril	C30H46NO7P	55891	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0742		Guanabenz	C8H8Cl2N4	5702063	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0743		Guanadrel	C10H19N3O2	38521	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0744		Guanethidine	C10H22N4	3518	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0745		Guanfacine	C9H9Cl2N3O	3519	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0770		Hydralazine	C8H8N4	3637	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0792		Iloprost	C22H32O4	5311181	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0844		Irbesartan	C25H28N6O	3749	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0860		Isosorbide	C6H10O4	12597	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0861		Isosorbide dinitrate	C6H8N2O8	6883	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0864		Isoxsuprine	C18H23NO3	3783	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0865		Isradipine	C19H21N3O5	3784	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0884		Labetalol	C19H24N2O3	3869	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0911		Levamlodipine	C20H25ClN2O5	9822750	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0938		Lisinopril	C21H31N3O5	5362119	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0954		Losartan	C22H23ClN6O	3961	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0978		Mannitol	C6H14O6	6251	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0983		Mecamylamine	C11H21N	4032	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1035		Methyldopa	C10H13NO4	38853	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1049		Metoprolol	C15H25NO3	4171	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1053		Metyrosine	C10H13NO3	441350	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1072		Minoxidil	C9H15N5O	4201	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1082		Moexipril	C27H34N2O7	91270	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1098		Nadolol	C17H27NO4	39147	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1114		Nebivolol	C22H25F2NO4	71301	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1125		Nesiritide	C143H244N50O42S4	53325981	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1130		Nicardipine	C26H29N3O6	4474	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1134		Nifedipine	C17H18N2O6	4485	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1138		Nimodipine	C21H26N2O7	4497	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1141		Nisoldipine	C20H24N2O6	4499	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1146		Nitroglycerin	C3H5N3O9	4510	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1147		Nitroprusside	C5FeN6O	11953891	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1170		Olmesartan	C24H26N6O3	158781	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1223		Papaverine	C20H21NO4	4680	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1244		Penbutolol	C18H29NO2	37464	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1256		Perindopril	C19H32N2O5	107807	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1267		Phenoxybenzamine	C18H22ClNO	4768	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1271		Phentolamine	C17H19N3O	5775	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1293		Pindolol	C14H20N2O2	4828	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1331		Prazosin	C19H21N5O4	4893	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1357		Propranolol	C16H21NO2	4946	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1369		Quinapril	C25H30N2O5	54892	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1379		Ramipril	C23H32N2O5	5362129	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1393		Reserpine	C33H40N2O9	5770	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1498		Sotalol	C12H20N2O3S	5253	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1534		Tamsulosin	C20H28N2O5S	129211	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1545		Telmisartan	C33H30N4O2	65999	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1552		Terazosin	C19H25N5O4	5401	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1585		Timolol	C13H24N4O3S	33624	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1602		Tolazoline	C10H12N2	5504	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1618		Trandolapril	C24H34N2O5	5484727	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1625		Treprostinil	C23H34O5	6918140	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1631		Triamterene	C12H11N7	5546	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1643		Trimethaphan	C22H25N2OS+	23576	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1668		Urea	CH4N2O	1176	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1679		Valsartan	C24H29N5O3	60846	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1690		Verapamil	C27H38N2O4	2520	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]

References
1	Stewart PM, Wallace AM, Valentino R, Burt D, Shackleton CH, Edwards CR "Mineralocorticoid activity of liquorice: 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency comes of age." Lancet 2 (1987): 821-4. [PMID: 2889032]
2	Cumming AM "Metabolic effects of licorice." Br Med J 1 (1977): 906
3	Epstein MT, Espiner EA, Donald RA, Hughes H "Effect of eating liquorice on the renin-angiotensin aldosterone axis in normal subjects." Br Med J 1 (1977): 488-90
4	Cumming AM, Boddy K, Brown JJ, et al "Severe hypokalaemia with paralysis induced by small doses of liquorice." Postgrad Med J 56 (1980): 526-9. [PMID: 7443613]
5	Edwards CR "Lessons from licorice." N Engl J Med 325 (1991): 1242-3. [PMID: 1656256]
6	Nielsen I, Pedersen RS "Life-threatening hypokalaemia caused by liquorice ingestion." Lancet 1 (1984): 1305. [PMID: 6145019]
7	de Klerk GJ, Nieuwenhuis MG, Beutler JJ "Lesson of the week: hypokalaemia and hypertension associated with use of liquorice flavoured chewing gum." BMJ 314 (1997): 731. [PMID: 9116553]
8	Elinav E, Chajek-Shaul T "Licorice consumption causing severe hypokalemic paralysis." Mayo Clin Proc 78 (2003): 767-8. [PMID: 12934789]
9	Clyburn EB, DiPette DJ "Hypertension induced by drugs and other substances." Semin Nephrol 15 (1995): 72-86. [PMID: 7777726]
10	Cumming A "Severe reduction of serum potassium induced by licorice." Nurs Times 72 (1976): 367-70. [PMID: 1264735]
11	Farese RV, Biglieri EG, Shackleton CH, Irony I, Gomez-Fontes R "Licorice-induced hypermineralocorticoidism." N Engl J Med 325 (1991): 1223-7. [PMID: 1922210]
12	Harada T, Ohtaki E, Misu K, Sumiyoshi T, Hosoda S "Congestive heart failure caused by digitalis toxicity in an elderly man taking a licorice-containing chinese herbal laxative." Cardiology 98 (2002): 218. [PMID: 12566654]
13	Rosseel M, Schoors D "Chewing gum and hypokalaemia." Lancet 341 (1993): 175. [PMID: 8093767]

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