Details of Drug

Drug General Information (ID: D1577)
Drug Name		Thyroid, porcine
Drug Type		Hormones
Drug Synonymous		DB09100; Pig thyroid; Porcine thyroid; Sus scrofa thyroid; Thyroid (pork); Thyroid extract, porcine; Thyroid, porcine Click to Show/Hide
Therapeutic Class		Thyroid Drugs

Drug-Drug Interaction Network
Sunburst Graph		Legend Information AM001 Affected gastrointestinal absorption AM003 Affected organization distribution AM004 Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism AM005 Affected excretion pathways AM006 Pharmacodynamic additive effects AM007 Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects BM003 Complex formation BM004 Adsorption BM005 Altered gastric pH BM008 Altered Fat-soluble drugs absorption BM009 Altered absorption (Unspecific) BM013 Competitive binding of plasma proteins BM015 Increase globulin concentration BM022 CYP450 enzyme induction BM023 UGT induction BM026 Increased metabolism (Unspecific) BM031 Increased renal excretion (Unspecific) BM050 Increased risk of bleeding BM083 Potentiated the pharmacological effects (Unspecific) BM086 Antagonize the effect of antidiabetic agents BM089 Antagonize the effect of antihypertensive agents BM107 Attenuated pharmacological effects (Unspecific)
Relation Graph

Full list of drugs interacting with Thyroid, porcine
Affected gastrointestinal absorption
	Complex formation					Drug Num: 26
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0049		Aluminum hydroxide	AlH3O3	10176082	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0235		Calcium acetate	C4H6CaO4	6116	Moderate		Inter Info	[20], [4], [21]
D0236		Calcium carbonate	CCaO3	10112	Moderate		Inter Info	[20], [4], [21]
D0381		Colesevelam	C31H67Cl3N4O	160051	Moderate		Inter Info	[26], [27], [28]
D0483		Didanosine	C10H12N4O3	135398739	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0847		Iron	Fe	23925	Moderate		Inter Info	[35], [16], [7]
D0893		Lanthanum carbonate	C3La2O9	168924	Moderate		Inter Info	[14], [36], [7]
D0967		Magaldrate	AlHMgO5S+2	3086011	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0974		Magnesium oxide	MgO	14792	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D1462		Sevelamer	C6H12ClNO	3085017	Moderate		Inter Info	[14], [36], [7]
D0238		Calcium citrate	C12H10Ca3O14	13136	Moderate		Inter Info	[20], [4], [21]
D0239		Calcium glubionate anhydrous	C18H32CaO19	64776	Moderate		Inter Info	[20], [4], [21]
D0241		Calcium gluconate	C12H22CaO14	9290	Moderate		Inter Info	[20], [4], [21]
D0243		Calcium lactate	C6H10CaO6	13144	Moderate		Inter Info	[20], [4], [21]
D0244		Calcium Phosphate	Ca3O8P2	24456	Moderate		Inter Info	[20], [4], [21]
D0649		Ferrous fumarate	C4H2FeO4	6433164	Moderate		Inter Info	[35], [16], [7]
D0650		Ferrous gluconate	C12H22FeO14	23616740	Moderate		Inter Info	[35], [16], [7]
D0651		Ferrous sulfate anhydrous	FeO4S	24393	Moderate		Inter Info	[35], [16], [7]
D0849		Iron protein succinylate	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[35], [16], [7]
D0968		Magnesium carbonate	CMgO3	11029	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D0973		Magnesium hydroxide	H2MgO2	14791	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D1231		Patiromer	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[47], [48], [5]
D1472		Simethicone	C6H18O4Si3	6433516	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [5], [6]
D1566		Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate	C18H32Fe4O31	90478690	Moderate		Inter Info	[35], [16], [7]
D1605		Tolevamer	C11H16O3S	58817179	Moderate		Inter Info	[47], [48], [5]
D1511		Sucralfate	C12H54Al9O55S8	121494085	Minor		Inter Info	[51], [52], [7]
	Adsorption					Drug Num: 1
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0850		Iron sucrose	C12H29Fe5Na2O23	91663255	Moderate		Inter Info	[35], [46], [7]
	Altered gastric pH					Drug Num: 6
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0458		Dexlansoprazole	C16H14F3N3O2S	9578005	Moderate		Inter Info	[22], [14], [5]
D0603		Esomeprazole	C17H19N3O3S	9568614	Moderate		Inter Info	[22], [14], [5]
D0892		Lansoprazole	C16H14F3N3O2S	3883	Moderate		Inter Info	[22], [14], [5]
D1179		Omeprazole	C17H19N3O3S	4594	Moderate		Inter Info	[22], [14], [5]
D1222		Pantoprazole	C16H15F2N3O4S	4679	Moderate		Inter Info	[22], [14], [5]
D1373		Rabeprazole	C18H21N3O3S	5029	Moderate		Inter Info	[22], [14], [5]
	Altered Fat-soluble drugs absorption					Drug Num: 3
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0329		Cholestyramine	C27H47ClN2	137699107	Moderate		Inter Info	[23], [24], [25]
D0382		Colestipol	C11H28ClN5O	62816	Moderate		Inter Info	[23], [24], [25]
D1187		Orlistat	C29H53NO5	3034010	Moderate		Inter Info	[38], [5], [39]
	Altered absorption (Unspecific)					Drug Num: 1
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0929		Linaclotide	C59H79N15O21S6	16158208	Moderate		Inter Info	[14], [37], [7]
Affected organization distribution
	Competitive binding of plasma proteins					Drug Num: 2
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0255		Carbamazepine	C15H12N2O	2554	Moderate		Inter Info	[22], [14], [15]
D1283		Phenytoin	C15H12N2O2	1775	Moderate		Inter Info	[22], [14], [15]
	Increase globulin concentration					Drug Num: 14
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0387		Conjugated estrogens	C18H21NaO5S	45357473	Moderate		Inter Info	[29], [5], [30]
D0388		Conjugated estrogens (topical)	C18H21NaO5S	45357473	Moderate		Inter Info	[29], [5], [30]
D0484		Dienestrol (topical)	C18H18O2	667476	Moderate		Inter Info	[29], [5], [30]
D0487		Diethylstilbestrol	C18H20O2	448537	Moderate		Inter Info	[29], [5], [30]
D0606		Estradiol	C18H24O2	5757	Moderate		Inter Info	[29], [5], [30]
D0607		Estradiol (topical)	C18H24O2	5757	Moderate		Inter Info	[29], [5], [30]
D0608		Estramustine	C23H31Cl2NO3	259331	Moderate		Inter Info	[29], [5], [30]
D0609		Estrone	C18H22O2	5870	Moderate		Inter Info	[29], [5], [30]
D0610		Estrone sulfate	C18H22O5S	3001028	Moderate		Inter Info	[29], [5], [30]
D0611		Estrone sulfate (topical)	C18H22O5S	3001028	Moderate		Inter Info	[29], [5], [30]
D0619		Ethinylestradiol	C20H24O2	5991	Moderate		Inter Info	[29], [5], [30]
D1011		Mestranol	C21H26O2	6291	Moderate		Inter Info	[29], [5], [30]
D1370		Quinestrol	C25H32O2	9046	Moderate		Inter Info	[29], [5], [30]
D0605		Esterified estrogens	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[29], [5], [30]
Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
	CYP450 enzyme induction					Drug Num: 11
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0071		Amobarbital	C11H18N2O3	2164	Moderate		Inter Info	[14], [15], [7]
D0224		Butabarbital	C10H16N2O3	2479	Moderate		Inter Info	[14], [15], [7]
D0225		Butalbital	C11H16N2O3	2481	Moderate		Inter Info	[14], [15], [7]
D1040		Methylphenobarbital	C13H14N2O3	8271	Moderate		Inter Info	[14], [15], [7]
D1248		Pentobarbital	C11H18N2O3	4737	Moderate		Inter Info	[14], [15], [7]
D1265		Phenobarbital	C12H12N2O3	4763	Moderate		Inter Info	[14], [15], [7]
D1340		Primidone	C12H14N2O2	4909	Moderate		Inter Info	[14], [15], [7]
D1399		Rifabutin	C46H62N4O11	135398743	Moderate		Inter Info	[22], [40], [41]
D1400		Rifampicin	C43H58N4O12	135398735	Moderate		Inter Info	[22], [40], [41]
D1401		Rifapentine	C47H64N4O12	135403821	Moderate		Inter Info	[22], [40], [41]
D1453		Secobarbital	C12H18N2O3	5193	Moderate		Inter Info	[14], [15], [7]
	UGT induction					Drug Num: 1
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D1415		Ritonavir	C37H48N6O5S2	392622	Moderate		Inter Info	[42], [43], [44]
	Increased metabolism (Unspecific)					Drug Num: 19
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0064		Aminophylline	C16H24N10O4	9433	Moderate		Inter Info	[7], [8], [9]
D1201		Oxtriphylline	C12H21N5O3	656652	Moderate		Inter Info	[7], [8], [9]
D1570		Theophylline	C7H8N4O2	2153	Moderate		Inter Info	[7], [8], [9]
D0010		Acebutolol	C18H28N2O4	1978	Minor		Inter Info	[7], [49], [50]
D0117		Atenolol	C14H22N2O3	2249	Minor		Inter Info	[7], [49], [50]
D0173		Betaxolol	C18H29NO3	2369	Minor		Inter Info	[7], [49], [50]
D0188		Bisoprolol	C18H31NO4	2405	Minor		Inter Info	[7], [49], [50]
D0265		Carteolol	C16H24N2O3	2583	Minor		Inter Info	[7], [49], [50]
D0267		Carvedilol	C24H26N2O4	2585	Minor		Inter Info	[7], [49], [50]
D0602		Esmolol	C16H25NO4	59768	Minor		Inter Info	[7], [49], [50]
D0884		Labetalol	C19H24N2O3	3869	Minor		Inter Info	[7], [49], [50]
D1045		Metipranolol (ophthalmic)	C17H27NO4	31477	Minor		Inter Info	[7], [49], [50]
D1049		Metoprolol	C15H25NO3	4171	Minor		Inter Info	[7], [49], [50]
D1098		Nadolol	C17H27NO4	39147	Minor		Inter Info	[7], [49], [50]
D1244		Penbutolol	C18H29NO2	37464	Minor		Inter Info	[7], [49], [50]
D1293		Pindolol	C14H20N2O2	4828	Minor		Inter Info	[7], [49], [50]
D1357		Propranolol	C16H21NO2	4946	Minor		Inter Info	[7], [49], [50]
D1498		Sotalol	C12H20N2O3S	5253	Minor		Inter Info	[7], [49], [50]
D1585		Timolol	C13H24N4O3S	33624	Minor		Inter Info	[7], [49], [50]
Affected excretion pathways
	Increased renal excretion (Unspecific)					Drug Num: 2
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0490		Digitoxin	C41H64O13	441207	Moderate		Inter Info	[32], [33], [34]
D0491		Digoxin	C41H64O14	2724385	Moderate		Inter Info	[32], [33], [34]
Pharmacodynamic additive effects
	Increased risk of bleeding					Drug Num: 3
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0087		Anisindione	C16H12O3	2197	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [18], [19]
D0481		Dicoumarol	C19H12O6	54676038	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [18], [19]
D1711		Warfarin	C19H16O4	54678486	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [18], [19]
	Potentiated the pharmacological effects (Unspecific)					Drug Num: 38
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0068		Amitriptyline	C20H23N	2160	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [12], [13]
D0072		Amoxapine	C17H16ClN3O	2170	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [12], [13]
D0074		Amphetamine	C9H13N	3007	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D0165		Benzphetamine	C17H21N	5311017	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D0361		Clomipramine	C19H23ClN2	2801	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [12], [13]
D0416		Danazol	C22H27NO2	28417	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [7], [31]
D0446		Desipramine	C18H22N2	2995	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [12], [13]
D0465		Dextroamphetamine	C9H13N	5826	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D0486		Diethylpropion	C13H19NO	7029	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D0510		Dobutamine	C18H23NO3	36811	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D0517		Dopamine	C8H11NO2	681	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D0525		Doxepin	C19H21NO	667477	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [12], [13]
D0526		Doxepin (topical)	C19H21NO	667477	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [12], [13]
D0579		Ephedrine	C10H15NO	9294	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D0581		Epinephrine	C9H13NO3	5816	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D0641		Fenfluramine	C12H16F3N	3337	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D0677		Fluoxymesterone	C20H29FO3	6446	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [7], [31]
D0857		Isometheptene	C9H19N	22297	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D0921		Levonordefrin	C9H13NO3	164739	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D0937		Lisdexamfetamine	C15H25N3O	11597698	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D0981		Mazindol	C16H13ClN2O	4020	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D1002		Mephentermine	C11H17N	3677	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D1012		Metamfetamine	C10H15N	10836	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D1013		Metaraminol	C9H13NO2	5906	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D1042		Methyltestosterone	C20H30O2	6010	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [7], [31]
D1153		Norepinephrine	C8H11NO3	439260	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D1158		Nortriptyline	C19H21N	4543	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [12], [13]
D1262		Phendimetrazine	C12H17NO	30487	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D1270		Phentermine	C10H15N	4771	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D1276		Phenylephrine	C9H13NO2	6041	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D1281		Phenylpropanolamine	C9H13NO	26934	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D1363		Pseudoephedrine	C10H15NO	7028	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D1503		Stanozolol	C21H32N2O	25249	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [7], [31]
D1557		Testolactone	C19H24O3	13769	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [7], [31]
D1558		Testosterone	C19H28O2	6013	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [7], [31]
D1559		Testosterone (topical)	C19H28O2	6013	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [7], [31]
D1374		Racepinephrine	C9H13NO3	838	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [17]
D1647		Trimipramine	C20H26N2	5584	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [12], [13]
Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
	Antagonize the effect of antidiabetic agents					Drug Num: 41
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0009		Acarbose	C25H43NO18	41774	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0013		Acetohexamide	C15H20N2O4S	1989	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0029		Albiglutide	C148H224N40O45	145994868	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0042		Alogliptin	C18H21N5O2	11450633	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0245		Canagliflozin	C24H25FO5S	24812758	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0325		Chlorpropamide	C10H13ClN2O3S	2727	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0418		Dapagliflozin	C21H25ClO6	9887712	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1779		Dulaglutide	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0565		Empagliflozin	C23H27ClO7	11949646	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1784		Exenatide	C184H282N50O60S	45588096	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0727		Glimepiride	C24H34N4O5S	3476	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0728		Glipizide	C21H27N5O4S	3478	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0730		Glyburide	C23H28ClN3O5S	3488	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0807		Insulin aspart (aspart protamine)	C256H381N65O79S6	118984445	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0808		Insulin aspart (aspart)	C256H381N65O79S6	118984445	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0810		Insulin detemir	C267H402N64O76S6	16137271	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0811		Insulin glargine	C267H404N72O78S6	118984454	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0812		Insulin glulisine	C258H384N64O78S6	16136701	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0813		Insulin human	C257H383N65O77S6	118984375	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0814		Insulin human (inhalation, rapid acting)	C257H383N65O77S6	118984375	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0815		Insulin human (isophane)	C257H383N65O77S6	118984375	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0816		Insulin human (regular)	C257H383N65O77S6	118984375	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0817		Insulin human (zinc extended)	C257H383N65O77S6	118984375	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0818		Insulin human (zinc)	C257H383N65O77S6	118984375	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0819		Insulin lispro	C257H389N65O77S6	16132438	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0820		Insulin lispro (protamine)	C257H389N65O77S6	16132438	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0930		Linagliptin	C25H28N8O2	10096344	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0936		Liraglutide	C172H265N43O51	16134956	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1015		Metformin	C4H11N5	4091	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1064		Miglitol	C8H17NO5	441314	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1112		Nateglinide	C19H27NO3	5311309	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1294		Pioglitazone	C19H20N2O3S	4829	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1326		Pramlintide	C171H267N51O53S2	70691388	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1392		Repaglinide	C27H36N2O4	65981	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1449		Saxagliptin	C18H25N3O2	11243969	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1477		Sitagliptin	C16H15F6N5O	4369359	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0809		Insulin degludec	C274H411N65O81S6	118984462	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0941		Lixisenatide	C215H347N61O65S	90472060	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1601		Tolazamide	C14H21N3O3S	5503	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1603		Tolbutamide	C12H18N2O3S	5505	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1652		Troglitazone	C24H27NO5S	5591	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
	Antagonize the effect of antihypertensive agents					Drug Num: 2
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D1782		Ertugliflozin	C22H25ClO7	44814423	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D1887		Semaglutide	C187H291N45O59	56843331	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
	Attenuated pharmacological effects (Unspecific)					Drug Num: 3
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0066		Amiodarone	C25H29I2NO3	2157	Moderate		Inter Info	[10], [5], [11]
D1021		Methimazole	C4H6N2S	1349907	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [5], [7]
D1497		Sorafenib	C21H16ClF3N4O3	216239	Moderate		Inter Info	[16], [45], [7]

References
1	Jori A, Carrara MC "On the mechanism of the hyperglycaemic effect of chlorpromazine." J Pharm Pharmacol 18 (1966): 623-4. [PMID: 4381950]
2	Product Information. Dymelor (acetohexamide) Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
3	Product Information. Thorazine (chlorpromazine). SmithKline Beecham, Philadelphia, PA.
4	Neafsey PJ "Levothyroxine and calcium interaction: timing is everything." Home Healthc Nurse 22 (2004): 338-9. [PMID: 15131426]
5	Product Information. Synthroid (levothyroxine). Abbott Pharmaceutical, Abbott Park, IL.
6	Schneyer CR "Calcium carbonate and reduction of levothyroxine efficacy." JAMA 279 (1998): 750. [PMID: 9508149]
7	Wohlt PD, Zheng L, Gunderson S, Balzar SA, Johnson BD, Fish JT "Recommendations for the use of medications with continuous enteral nutrition." Am J Health Syst Pharm 66 (2009): 1438-67. [PMID: 19667002]
8	Vozeh S, Otten M, Staub JJ, Follath F "Influence of thyroid function on theophylline kinetics." Clin Pharmacol Ther 36 (1984): 634-40
9	Bauman JH, Teichman S, Wible DA "Increased theophylline clearance in a patient with hyperthyroidism." Ann Allergy 52 (1984): 94-6
10	Product Information. Cordarone (amiodarone). Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
11	Singh BN, Nademanee K "Amiodarone and thyroid function: clinical implications during antiarrhythmic therapy." Am Heart J 106 (1983): 857-69
12	Product Information. Triostat (liothyronine). JHP Pharmaceuticals, Saddle River, NJ.
13	Goodwin FK, Prange AJ Jr, Post RM, Muscettola G, Lipton MA "Potentiation of antidepressant effects by L-triiodothyronine in tricyclic nonresponders." Am J Psychiatry 139 (1982): 34-8
14	Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
15	Multum Information Services, Inc. Expert Review Panel.
16	Product Information. Armour thyroid (thyroid desiccated). Forest Pharmaceuticals, St. Louis, MO.
17	Agencia Espaola de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios Healthcare "Centro de informacion online de medicamentos de la AEMPS - CIMA."
18	Rice AJ, McIntosh TJ, Fouts JR, et al "Decrease sensitivity to warfarin in patients with myxedema." Am J Med Sci 262 (1971): 211-5. [PMID: 5142577]
19	Vagenakis AG, Cote R, Miller ME, et al "Enhancement of warfarin-induced hypoprothrombinemia by thyrotoxicosis." Johns Hopkins Med J 131 (1972): 69-73. [PMID: 4114451]
20	Csako G, McGriff NJ, Rotman-Pikielny P, Sarlis NJ, Pucino F "Exaggerated levothyroxine malabsorption due to calcium carbonate supplementation in gastrointestinal disorders." Ann Pharmacother 35 (2001): 1578-83. [PMID: 11793625]
21	Singh N, Singh PN, Hershman JM "Effect of calcium carbonate on the absorption of levothyroxine." JAMA 283 (2000): 2822-5. [PMID: 10838651]
22	Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
23	Cashin-Hemphill L, Spencer CA, Nicoloff JT, Blankenhorn DH, Nessim SA, Chin HP, Lee NA "Alterations in serum thyroid hormonal indices with colestipol-niacin therapy." Ann Intern Med 107 (1987): 324-9. [PMID: 3113309]
24	Harmon SM, Seifert CF "Levothyroxine-cholestyramine interaction reemphasized." Ann Intern Med 115 (1991): 658-9. [PMID: 1892339]
25	Northcutt RC, Stiel JN, Hollifield JW, Stant EG "The influence of cholestyramine on thyroxine absorption." JAMA 208 (1969): 1857-61. [PMID: 5818830]
26	Canadian Pharmacists Association.
27	Product Information. Welchol (colesevelam) Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Parsippany, NJ.
28	Skillman TG, Feldman JM "The pharmacology of sulfonylureas." Am J Med 70 (1981): 361-72. [PMID: 6781341]
29	Arafah BM "Increased need for thyroxine in women with hypothyroidism during estrogen therapy." N Engl J Med 344 (2001): 1743-9. [PMID: 11396440]
30	Utiger RD "Estrogen, thyroxine binding in serum, and thyroxine therapy." N Engl J Med 344 (2001): 1784-5. [PMID: 11396448]
31	Arafah BM "Decreased levothyroxine requirement in women with hypothyroidism during androgen therapy for breast cancer." Ann Intern Med 121 (1994): 247-51
32	Frye RL, Braunwald E "Studies on digitalis. III: The influence of triiodothyronine on digitalis requirements." Circulation 23 (1961): 376-82. [PMID: 13702336]
33	Huffman DH, Klaassen CD, Hartman CR "Digoxin in hyperthyroidism." Clin Pharmacol Ther 22 (1977): 533-8. [PMID: 913019]
34	Lawrence JR, Sumner DJ, Kalk WJ, et al "Digoxin kinetics in patients with thyroid dysfunction." Clin Pharmacol Ther 22 (1977): 7-13. [PMID: 872497]
35	Campbell NR, Hasinoff BB, Stalts H, Rao B, Wong NC "Ferrous sulfate reduces thyroxine efficacy in patients with hypothyroidism." Ann Intern Med 117 (1992): 1010-3. [PMID: 1443969]
36	Product Information. Renagel (sevelamer). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
37	EMEA. European Medicines Agency "EPARs. European Union Public Assessment Reports.".
38	Madhava K, Hartley A "Hypothyroidism in thyroid carcinama follow-up: orlistat may inhibit the absorption of thyroxine." Clin Oncol 17 (2005): 492. [PMID: 16149295]
39	Product Information. Xenical (orlistat). Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
40	Nolan SR, Self TH, Norwood JM "Interaction between rifampin and levothyroxine." South Med J 92 (1999): 529-31. [PMID: 10342905]
41	Product Information. Rifadin (rifampin). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
42	Sahajpal R, Ahmed RA, Hughes CA, Foisy MM "Probable interaction between levothyroxine and ritonavir: Case report and literature review." Am J Health Syst Pharm 74 (2017): 587-592. [PMID: 28389458]
43	Touzot M, Beller CL, Touzot F, Louet AL, Piketty C "Dramatic interaction between levothyroxine and lopinavir/ritonavir in a HIV-infected patient." AIDS 20 (2006): 1210-2. [PMID: 16691080]
44	Tseng A, Fletcher D "Interaction between ritonavir and levothyroxine." AIDS 12 (1998): 2235-6. [PMID: 9833871]
45	Product Information. Nexavar (sorafenib). Bayer Pharmaceutical Inc, West Haven, CT.
46	Product Information. Velphoro (sucroferric oxyhydroxide). Fresenius Medical Care North America, Lexington, MA.
47	McLean M, Kirkwood I, Epstein M, Jones B, Hall C "Cation-exchange resin and inhibition of intestinal absorption of thyroxine." Lancet 34 (1993): 1286. [PMID: 8098431]
48	Product Information. Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate). Sanofi Winthrop Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
49	Aro A, Antila M, Korhonen T, Sundquist H "Pharmacokinetics of propranolol and sotalol in hyperthyroidism." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 21 (1982): 373-7
50	Wells PG, Feely J, Wilkinson GR, Wood AJ "Effect of thyrotoxicosis on liver blood flow and propranolol disposition after long-term dosing." Clin Pharmacol Ther 33 (1983): 603-8
51	Havrankova J, Lahaie R "Levothyroxine binding by sucralfate." Ann Intern Med 117 (1992): 445-6. [PMID: 1503346]
52	Khan F, Jeanniton E, Renedo M "Does sucralfate impede levothyroxine therapy?" Ann Intern Med 118 (1993): 317. [PMID: 8481187]

Details of Drug

Details of Drug

Cite MecDDI

About MecDDI

Correspondence