Drug General Information (ID: D0975)
  Drug Name
Magnesium sulfate
  Drug Type Small molecule
  Drug Synonymous
Magnesiumsulfat; Bitter salt; Epsom salt; Hair salt; Heptahydrate Magnesium Sulfate; Kieserite [as monohydrate]; Magnesium Sulfate In Plastic Container; Magnesium Sulphate Hydrate; Magnesium bisulfate; Magnesium hydrogensulphate; Magnesium sulfate anhydrous; Magnesium sulfate dried; Magnesium sulfate hexahydrate; Magnesium sulfate solution; Magnesium sulphate; Sal Angalis; Sal De sedlitz; Sal amarum; Sal anglicum; Sal catharticum; Sal seidlitense; Salts of england; Sulfuric acid magnesium salt; Tomix OT; MgSO4; Epsom Sa (TN); Magnesium Sulfate, Heptahydrate; Magnesium sulfate in dextrose 5% in plastic container; Magnesium(II) sulfate; OT-S; Sel d'angleterre; Sulfate, Magnesium; Sulfuric acid magnesium salt (VAN); Sulfuric acid, magnesium salt; Magnesium sulfate (1:1); Magnesium(2+) ion sulfate; OT-S (drying agent); SDA 15-062-07; Sulfuric acid magnesium salt (1:1); Sulfuric acid, C10-16 alkyl ester, magnesium salt; Sulfuric acid, magnesium salt (1:1); Sulfuric acid, mono-C10-16-alkyl esters, magnesium salts; (C10-C16) Alkylalcohol sulfuric acid, magnesium salt
    Click to Show/Hide
  Disease Class MG31: Acute pain
  Therapeutic Class Analgesics
  Structure Could Not Find 2D Structure
3D Structure 2D Structure
  Formula MgO4S
  InChI 1S/Mg.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2
  InChIKey CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L
  Canonical SMILES [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Mg+2]
  External Link
Pubchem ID 24083
CAS Number 7487-88-9
CHEBI ID 32599
TTD ID D02LDN

Drug-Drug Interaction Network
  Sunburst Graph
AM001  Affected gastrointestinal absorption
AM003  Affected organization distribution
AM006  Pharmacodynamic additive effects
AM007  Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
BM003  Complex formation
BM014  Interference of cell/tissue uptake
BM042  Additive hypotensive effects
BM045  Additive neuromuscular blocking effects
BM059  Increased risk of hypermagnesemia
BM065  Increased risk of hypokalemia
BM107  Attenuated pharmacological effects (Unspecific)
BM109  Increased risk of other adverse reactions (Unspecific)
  Relation Graph
 Full list of drugs interacting with Magnesium sulfate
      Affected gastrointestinal absorption
   Complex formation Drug Num:  34
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0181
 
Bictegravir
 
C21H18F3N3O5
 
90311989 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [7], [8]
D0515
 
Dolutegravir
 
C20H19F2N3O5
 
54726191 
Major    Inter Info   
[9]
D0034
 
Alendronic acid
 
C4H13NO7P2
 
2088 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[11], [12], [13]
D0341
 
Ciprofloxacin
 
C17H18FN3O3
 
2764 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D0441
 
Demeclocycline
 
C21H21ClN2O8
 
54680690 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [47], [70], [57]
D0530
 
Doxycycline
 
C22H24N2O8
 
54671203 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [47], [70], [57]
D0573
 
Enoxacin
 
C15H17FN4O3
 
3229 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D0740
 
Grepafloxacin
 
C19H22FN3O3
 
72474 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D0144
 
Baloxavir marboxil
 
C27H23F2N3O7S
 
124081896 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[71]
D0340
 
Cinoxacin
 
C12H10N2O5
 
2762 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D0433
 
Deferiprone
 
C7H9NO2
 
2972 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[72]
D0438
 
Delafloxacin
 
C18H12ClF3N4O4
 
487101 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D0561
 
Eltrombopag
 
C25H22N4O4
 
135449332 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[7], [73]
D0623
 
Etidronic acid
 
C2H8O7P2
 
3305 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[12], [74], [13]
D0712
 
Gatifloxacin
 
C19H22FN3O4
 
5379 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D0716
 
Gemifloxacin
 
C18H20FN5O4
 
9571107 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D0783
 
Ibandronate
 
C9H23NO7P2
 
60852 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[77], [78], [11], [12], [79], [13]
D0919
 
Levofloxacin
 
C18H20FN3O4
 
149096 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D0943
 
Lomefloxacin
 
C17H19F2N3O3
 
3948 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D1070
 
Minocycline
 
C23H27N3O7
 
54675783 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [47], [70], [57]
D1102
 
Nalidixic acid
 
C12H12N2O3
 
4421 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[81]
D1155
 
Norfloxacin
 
C16H18FN3O3
 
4539 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D1165
 
Ofloxacin
 
C18H20FN3O4
 
4583 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D1175
 
Omadacycline
 
C29H40N4O7
 
54697325 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [47], [70], [57]
D1245
 
Penicillamine
 
C5H11NO2S
 
5852 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[82], [83], [84], [85], [86], [87], [88], [47]
D1377
 
Raltegravir
 
C20H21FN6O5
 
54671008 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [3], [7], [89], [90], [91]
D1412
 
Risedronic acid
 
C7H11NO7P2
 
5245 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[11], [12], [13]
D1445
 
Sarecycline
 
C24H29N3O8
 
54681908 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [47], [70], [57]
D1499
 
Sparfloxacin
 
C19H22F2N4O3
 
60464 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D1564
 
Tetracycline
 
C22H24N2O8
 
54675776 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [47], [70], [57]
D1584
 
Tiludronic acid
 
C7H9ClO6P2S
 
60937 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[12], [74], [13]
D1657
 
Trovafloxacin
 
C20H15F3N4O3
 
62959 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D1092
 
Moxifloxacin
 
C21H24FN3O4
 
152946 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D1209
 
Oxytetracycline
 
C22H24N2O9
 
54675779 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [47], [70], [57]
      Affected organization distribution
   Interference of cell/tissue uptake Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0670
 
Fludeoxyglucose (18F)
 
C6H11FO5
 
170049 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [75], [76]
      Pharmacodynamic additive effects
   Additive hypotensive effects Drug Num:  9
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0069
 
Amlodipine
 
C20H25ClN2O5
 
2162 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [15], [2], [7], [16], [17], [18]
D0865
 
Isradipine
 
C19H21N3O5
 
3784 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [15], [2], [7], [16], [17], [18]
D0352
 
Clevidipine
 
C21H23Cl2NO6
 
153994 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [15], [2], [7], [16], [17], [18]
D0640
 
Felodipine
 
C18H19Cl2NO4
 
3333 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [15], [2], [7], [16], [17], [18]
D0911
 
Levamlodipine
 
C20H25ClN2O5
 
9822750 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [15], [2], [7], [16], [17], [18]
D1134
 
Nifedipine
 
C17H18N2O6
 
4485 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [15], [2], [7], [16], [17], [18]
D1130
 
Nicardipine
 
C26H29N3O6
 
4474 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [15], [2], [7], [16], [17], [18]
D1138
 
Nimodipine
 
C21H26N2O7
 
4497 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [15], [2], [7], [16], [17], [18]
D1141
 
Nisoldipine
 
C20H24N2O6
 
4499 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [15], [2], [7], [16], [17], [18]
   Additive neuromuscular blocking effects Drug Num:  16
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0056
 
Amikacin
 
C22H43N5O13
 
37768 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
D0057
 
Amikacin (liposome)
 
C22H43N5O13
 
37768 
Major    Inter Info   
[6], [2], [3]
D0718
 
Gentamicin
 
C21H43N5O7
 
3467 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
D0876
 
Kanamycin
 
C18H36N4O11
 
6032 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
D1120
 
Neomycin
 
C23H46N6O13
 
8378 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
D1126
 
Netilmicin
 
C21H41N5O7
 
441306 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
D1304
 
Plazomicin
 
C25H48N6O10
 
42613186 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
D1507
 
Streptomycin
 
C21H39N7O12
 
19649 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
D1597
 
Tobramycin
 
C18H37N5O9
 
36294 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
D0343
 
Cisatracurium
 
C53H72N2O12+2
 
62887 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D0122
 
Atracurium
 
C53H72N2O12+2
 
47319 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D1080
 
Mivacurium
 
C58H80N2O14+2
 
5281042 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D1219
 
Pancuronium
 
C35H60N2O4+2
 
441289 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D1420
 
Rocuronium
 
C32H53N2O4+
 
441290 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D1684
 
Vecuronium
 
C34H57N2O4+
 
39765 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D1510
 
Succinylcholine
 
C14H30N2O4+2
 
5314 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
   Increased risk of hypermagnesemia Drug Num:  13
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0233
 
Calcifediol
 
C27H44O2
 
5283731 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24], [25]
D0234
 
Calcitriol
 
C27H44O3
 
5280453 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24], [25]
D0328
 
Cholecalciferol
 
C27H44O
 
5280795 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24], [25]
D0591
 
Ergocalciferol
 
C28H44O
 
5280793 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24], [25]
D0495
 
Dihydrotachysterol
 
C28H46O
 
5311071 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24], [25]
D0527
 
Doxercalciferol
 
C28H44O2
 
5281107 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24], [25]
D0968
 
Magnesium carbonate
 
CMgO3
 
11029 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[7]
D0969
 
Magnesium chloride
 
Cl2H12MgO6
 
643991 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[7]
D0970
 
Magnesium citrate
 
C12H10Mg3O14
 
6099959 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[7]
D0971
 
Magnesium gluconate
 
C12H22MgO14
 
11418570 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[7]
D0973
 
Magnesium hydroxide
 
H2MgO2
 
14791 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[7]
D0974
 
Magnesium oxide
 
MgO
 
14792 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[7]
D1226
 
Paricalcitol
 
C27H44O3
 
5281104 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24], [25]
   Increased risk of hypokalemia Drug Num:  12
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0172
 
Betamethasone
 
C22H29FO5
 
9782 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[19], [20], [21]
D0392
 
Corticotropin
 
C207H308N56O58S
 
16132265 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[19], [20], [21]
D0436
 
Deflazacort
 
C25H31NO6
 
189821 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[19], [20], [21]
D0453
 
Dexamethasone
 
C22H29FO5
 
5743 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[19], [20], [21]
D0671
 
Fludrocortisone
 
C21H29FO5
 
31378 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[19], [20], [21]
D0773
 
Hydrocortisone
 
C21H30O5
 
5754 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[19], [20], [21]
D1041
 
Methylprednisolone
 
C22H30O5
 
6741 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[19], [20], [21]
D1332
 
Prednisolone
 
C21H28O5
 
5755 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[19], [20], [21]
D1563
 
Tetracosactide
 
C136H210N40O31S
 
16133802 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[19], [20], [21]
D1334
 
Prednisone
 
C21H26O5
 
5865 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[19], [20], [21]
D1628
 
Triamcinolone
 
C21H27FO6
 
31307 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[19], [20], [21]
D1630
 
Triamcinolone (ophthalmic)
 
C21H27FO6
 
31307 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[19], [20], [21]
   Increased risk of other adverse reactions (Unspecific) Drug Num:  3
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0845
 
Irinotecan
 
C33H38N4O6
 
60838 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[80]
D0846
 
Irinotecan (liposomal)
 
C33H38N4O6
 
60838 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[80]
D0929
 
Linaclotide
 
C59H79N15O21S6
 
16158208 
Minor    Inter Info   
[92], [93]
      Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
   Attenuated pharmacological effects (Unspecific) Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0590
 
Erdafitinib
 
C25H30N6O2
 
67462786 
Major    Inter Info   
[10]
References
1 Piper BJ, Alinea AA, Wroblewski JR, et al. A Quantitative and Narrative Evaluation of Goodman and Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Pharmacy (Basel). 2019;8(1):1. Published 2019 Dec 20. [PMID: 31861770]
2 Canadian Pharmacists Association.
3 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
4 L'Hommedieu CS, Nicholas D, Armes DA, et al "Potentiation of magnesium sulfate-induced neuromuscular weakness by gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin." J Pediatr 102 (1983): 629-31. [PMID: 6834204]
5 Watson A, Coffey L, Keogh B, McCann SR "Severe hypomagnesaemia and hypocalcaemia following gentamicin therapy." Isr J Med Sci 76 (1983): 381-3. [PMID: 6662662]
6 Brunton LL, Lazo JS, Parker KL, eds. "Goodman &amp Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed." New York, NY: McGraw-Hill (2006):.
7 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
8 Product Information. Biktarvy (bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
9 Product Information. Tivicay (dolutegravir). ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, NC.
10 Product Information. Balversa (erdafitinib). Janssen Products, LP, Horsham, PA.
11 Product Information. Bonefos (clodronate). Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Canada Inc, Laval, QC.
12 Product Information. Boniva (ibandronate). Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
13 Product Information. Skelid (tilundronate). Sanofi Winthrop Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
14 Benami M, Giladi Y, Shalev E "The combination of magnesium sulphate and nifedipine - a cause of neuromuscular blockade." Br J Obstet Gynaecol 101 (1994): 262-3. [PMID: 8193107]
15 DiMagno MJ, DiMagno EP. Chronic pancreatitis.?Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2012;28(5):523-531. [PMID: 22782018]
16 Product Information. Adalat (nifedipine). Bayer, West Haven, CT.
17 Snyder SW, Cardwell MS "Neuromuscular blockade with magnesium sulfate and nifedipine." Am J Obstet Gynecol 161 (1989): 35-6. [PMID: 2750819]
18 Waisman GD, Mayorga LM, Camera MI, Vignolo CA, Martinotti A "Magnesium plus nifedipine: potentiation of hypotensive effect in preeclampsia?" Am J Obstet Gynecol 159 (1988): 308-9. [PMID: 3407684]
19 Chin RL "Laxative-induced hypokalemia." Ann Emerg Med 32 (1998): 517-8. [PMID: 9774942]
20 Muller-Lissner SA "Adverse effects of laxatives: fact and fiction." Pharmacology 47 (1993): 138-45. [PMID: 8234421]
21 Leach MJ, Page AT. Herbal medicine for insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2015 Dec;24:1-12.
22 Product Information. Hectorol (doxercalciferol). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
23 Product Information. One-Alpha (alfacalcidol). Pharmel Inc, Montreal, IN.
24 Product Information. Rocaltrol (calcitriol). Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
25 Product Information. Zemplar (paricalcitol). Abbott Pharmaceutical, Abbott Park, IL.
26 Akerele JO, Okhamafe AO "Influence of oral co-administered metallic drugs on ofloxacin pharmacokinetics." J Antimicrob Chemother 28 (1991): 87-94. [PMID: 1663108]
27 Allen A, Vousden M, Porter A, Lewis A "Effect of Maalox((R)) on the bioavailability of oral gemifloxacin in healthy volunteers." Chemotherapy 45 (1999): 504-11. [PMID: 10567782]
28 Campbell NR, Kara M, Hasinoff BB, Haddara WM, McKay DW "Norfloxacin interaction with antacids and minerals." Br J Clin Pharmacol 33 (1992): 115-6. [PMID: 1540482]
29 Frost RW, Lasseter KC, Noe AJ, Shamblen EC, Lettieri JT "Effects of aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate antacids on the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36 (1992): 830-2. [PMID: 1503446]
30 Garrelts JC, Godley PJ, Peterie JD, Gerlach EH, Yakshe CC "Sucralfate significantly reduces ciprofloxacin concentrations in serum." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34 (1990): 931-3. [PMID: 2360833]
31 Grasela TH Jr, Schentag JJ, Sedman AJ, et al "Inhibition of enoxacin absorption by antacids or ranitidine." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33 (1989): 615-7. [PMID: 2751276]
32 Honig PK, Gillespie BK "Clinical significance of pharmacokinetic drug interactions with over-the-counter (OTC) drugs." Clin Pharmacokinet 35 (1998): 167-71. [PMID: 9784931]
33 Johnson RD, Dorr MB, Talbot GH, Caille G "Effect of Maalox on the oral absorption of sparfloxacin." Clin Ther 20 (1998): 1149-58. [PMID: 9916608]
34 Kamberi M, Nakashima H, Ogawa K, Oda N, Nakano S "The effect of staggered dosing of sucralfate on oral bioavailability of sparfloxacin." Br J Clin Pharmacol 49 (2000): 98-103. [PMID: 10671902]
35 Lehto P, Kivisto KT "Different effects of products containing metal ions on the absorption of lomefloxacin." Clin Pharmacol Ther 56 (1994): 477-82. [PMID: 7955811]
36 Lehto P, Kivisto KT "Effect of sucralfate on absorption of norfloxacin and ofloxacin." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 38 (1994): 248-51. [PMID: 8192452]
37 Lober S, Ziege S, Rau M, Schreiber G, Mignot A, Koeppe P, Lode H "Pharmacokinetics of gatifloxacin and interaction with an antacid containing aluminum and magnesium." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43 (1999): 1067-71. [PMID: 10223915]
38 Nix DE, Watson WA, Lener ME, et al "Effects of aluminum and magnesium antacids and ranitidine on the absorption of ciprofloxacin." Clin Pharmacol Ther 46 (1989): 700-5. [PMID: 2598571]
39 Nix DE, Wilton JH, Ronald B, Distlerath L, Williams VC, Norman A "Inhibition of norfloxacin absorption by antacids." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34 (1990): 432-5. [PMID: 2334155]
40 Noyes M, Polk RE "Norfloxacin and absorption of magnesium-aluminum." Ann Intern Med 109 (1988): 168-9. [PMID: 3382110]
41 Parpia SH, Nix DE, Hejmanowski LG, Goldstein HR, Wilton JH, Schentag JJ "Sucralfate reduces the gastrointestinal absorption of norfloxacin." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33 (1989): 99-102. [PMID: 2712548]
42 Polk RE, Helay DP, Sahai J, Drwal L, Racht E "Effect of ferrous sulfate and multivitamins with zinc on absorption of ciprofloxacin in normal volunteers." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33 (1989): 1841-4. [PMID: 2610494]
43 Product Information. Baxdela (delafloxacin). Melinta Therapeutics, Lincolnshire, IL.
44 Product Information. Factive (gemifloxacin). GeneSoft Inc, San Francisco, CA.
45 Product Information. Levaquin (levofloxacin). Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raritan, NJ.
46 Product Information. Raxar (grepafloxacin). Glaxo Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC.
47 Product Information. Suprep Bowel Prep Kit (magnesium/potassium/sodium sulfates). Braintree Laboratories, Braintree, MA.
48 Product Information. Trovan (trovafloxacin). Pfizer US Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
49 Product Information. Zagam (sparfloxacin). Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA.
50 Sahai J, Healy DP, Stotka J, Polk RE "The influence of chronic administration of calcium carbonate on the bioavailability of oral ciprofloxacin." Br J Clin Pharmacol 35 (1993): 302-4. [PMID: 8471407]
51 Shimada J, Shiba K, Oguma T, et al "Effect of antacid on absorption of the quinolone lomefloxacin." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36 (1992): 1219-24. [PMID: 1329615]
52 Spivey JM, Cummings DM, Pierson NR "Failure of prostatitis treatment secondary to probable ciprofloxacin-sucralfate drug interaction." Pharmacotherapy 16 (1996): 314-6. [PMID: 8820479]
53 Teng R, Dogolo LC, Willavize SA, Friedman HL, Vincent J "Effect of Maalox and omeprazole on the bioavailability of trovafloxacin." J Antimicrob Chemother 39 Suppl B (1997): 93-7. [PMID: 9222077]
54 Wadworth AN, Goa KL "Lomefloxacin: a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use." Drugs 42 (1991): 1018-60. [PMID: 1724637]
55 Yuk JH "Ciprofloxacin levels when receiving sucralfate." J Am Geriatr Soc 262 (1989): 901. [PMID: 2754785]
56 Zix JA, Geerdes-Fenge HF, Rau M, Vockler J, Borner K, Koeppe P, Lode H "Pharmacokinetics of sparfloxacin and interaction with cisapride and sucralfate." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41 (1997): 1668-72. [PMID: 9257738]
57 Deppermann KM, Lode H, Hoffken G, Tschink G, Kalz C, Koeppe P "Influence of ranitidine, pirenzepine, and aluminum magnesium hydroxide on the bioavailability of various antibiotics, including amoxicillin, cephalexin, doxycycline, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33 (1989): 1901-7. [PMID: 2610502]
58 Fuchs-Buder T, Wilder-Smith OH, Borgeat A, Tassonyi E "Interaction of magnesium sulphate with vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block." Br J Anaesth 74 (1995): 405-9. [PMID: 7734259]
59 Product Information. Norcuron (vecuronium). Organon, West Orange, NJ.
60 Covington TR, Lawson LC, Young LL, eds. "Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 10th ed." Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association (1993):.
61 D'Arcy PF, McElnay JC "Drug-antacid interactions: assessment of clinical importance." Drug Intell Clin Pharm 21 (1987): 607-17. [PMID: 2886325]
62 Garty M, Hurwitz A "Effect of cimetidine and antacids on gastrointestinal absorption of tetracycline." Clin Pharmacol Ther 28 (1980): 203-7. [PMID: 7398187]
63 Gotz VP, Ryerson GG "Evaluation of tetracycline on theophylline disposition in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease." Drug Intell Clin Pharm 20 (1986): 694-6. [PMID: 3757782]
64 McCormack JP, Reid SE, Lawson LM "Theophylline toxicity induced by tetracycline." Clin Pharm 9 (1990): 546-9. [PMID: 2376112]
65 Neuvonen PJ "Interactions with the absorption of tetracyclines." Drugs 11 (1976): 45-54. [PMID: 946598]
66 Nguyen VX, Nix DE, Gillikin S, Schentag JJ "Effect of oral antacid administration on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous doxycycline." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33 (1989): 434-6. [PMID: 2729939]
67 Product Information. Declomycin (demeclocycline). Lederle Laboratories, Wayne, NJ.
68 Product Information. Nuzyra (omadacycline). Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Boston, MA.
69 Product Information. Seysara (sarecycline). Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA.
70 Upton RA "Pharmacokinetic interactions between theophylline and other medication (Part I)." Clin Pharmacokinet 20 (1991): 66-80. [PMID: 1674242]
71 Product Information. Xofluza (baloxavir marboxil). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
72 Product Information. Ferriprox (deferiprone). ApoPharma USA Inc, Rockville, MD.
73 Product Information. Promacta (eltrombopag). GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
74 Product Information. Fosamax (alendronate). Merck &amp Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
75 Multum Information Services, Inc. Expert Review Panel.
76 Product Information. Metamucil (psyllium). Procter and Gamble Pharmaceutic, Cincinnati, OH.
77 Darcy PF "Nutrient-drug interactions." Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev 14 (1995): 233-54. [PMID: 8845456]
78 Product Information. Actonel (risedronate). Procter and Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Cincinnati, OH.
79 Product Information. Fosamax (alendronate). Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
80 Product Information. Camptosar (irinotecan). Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
81 Product Information. NegGram (nalidixic acid). Sanofi Winthrop Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
82 Haagsma CJ "Clinically important drug interactions with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs." Drugs Aging 13 (1998): 281-9. [PMID: 9805209]
83 Harkness JA, Blake DR "Penicillamine nephropathy and iron." Lancet 2 (1982): 1368-9. [PMID: 6129465]
84 Joyce DA "D-penicillamine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in man." Pharmacol Ther 42 (1989): 405-27. [PMID: 2672052]
85 Lyle WH "Penicillamine and iron." Lancet 2 (1976): 420. [PMID: 73880]
86 Netter P, Bannwarth B, Pere P, Nicolas A "Clinical pharmacokinetics of D-penicillamine." Clin Pharmacokinet 13 (1987): 317-33. [PMID: 3319347]
87 Osman MA, Patel RB, Schuna A, Sundstrom WR, Welling PG "Reduction in oral penicillamine absorption by food, antacid and ferrous sulfate." Clin Pharmacol Ther 33 (1983): 465-70. [PMID: 6831825]
88 Product Information. Cuprimine (penicillamine). Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
89 Kiser JJ, Bumpass JB, Meditz AL, et al. "Effect of antacids on the pharmacokinetics of raltegravir in human immunodeficiency virus seronegative volunteers." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54 (2010): 4999-5003. [PMID: 20921313]
90 Moss DM, Siccardi M, Murphy M, et al. "Divalent metals and pH alter raltegravir disposition in vitro." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56 (2012): 3020-6. [PMID: 22450971]
91 Product Information. Isentress (raltegravir). Merck & Company Inc, West Point, PA.
92 EMEA. European Medicines Agency "EPARs. European Union Public Assessment Reports.".
93 Product Information. Linzess (linaclotide). Forest Pharmaceuticals, St. Louis, MO.