Details of Drug

Drug General Information (ID: D1721)
Drug Name	Zileuton
Drug Type	Small molecule
Drug Synonymous	Leutrol; Zileutonum; Ziluton; Zyflo; Abbott brand of zileuton; Zyflo CR; Zyflo Filmtab; A 64077; Abbot 64077; Abbott 64077; A-64077; ABBOTT-64077; ABT-077; CTI-02; ZYFLO (TN); ZYFLO, Zileuton; Zileutonum [INN-Latin]; Zyflo (TN); Zileuton (USP/INN); Zileuton [USAN:INN:BAN]; N-[1-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)ethyl]-N-hydroxyurea; N-(1-Benzo(b)thien-2-ylethyl)-N-hydroxyurea; (+-)-1-(1-Benzo(b)thien-2-ylethyl)-1-hydroxyurea; (+-)-1-(1-Benzo[b]thien-2-ylethyl)-1-hydroxyurea; (+/-)-1-(1-Benzo[b]thien-2-ylethyl)-1-hydroxyurea; 1-[1-(1-benzothien-2-yl)ethyl]-1-hydroxyurea; 1-[1-(1-benzothiophen-2-yl)ethyl]-1-hydroxyurea Click to Show/Hide
Disease Class	CA23: Asthma
Therapeutic Class	Antiinflammatory Agents
Structure
Structure	3D Structure		2D Structure
Formula	C11H12N2O2S
InChI	1S/C11H12N2O2S/c1-7(13(15)11(12)14)10-6-8-4-2-3-5-9(8)16-10/h2-7,15H,1H3,(H2,12,14)
InChIKey	MWLSOWXNZPKENC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Canonical SMILES	CC(C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2S1)N(C(=O)N)O
External Link
	Pubchem ID	60490
	CAS Number	111406-87-2
	CHEBI ID	10112
	TTD ID	D09JUG
	INTEDE ID	DR1730

Drug-Drug Interaction Network
Sunburst Graph		Legend Information AM004 Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism AM005 Affected excretion pathways AM006 Pharmacodynamic additive effects BM017 CYP450 enzyme inhibition BM022 CYP450 enzyme induction BM024 Competitive inhibition of metabolic enzyme BM025 Decreased metabolism (Unspecific) BM032 Decreased renal excretion (Unspecific) BM055 Increased risk of hepatotoxicity
Relation Graph

Full list of drugs interacting with Zileuton
Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
	CYP450 enzyme inhibition					Drug Num: 66
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D1596		Tizanidine	C9H8ClN5S	5487	Major		Inter Info	[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
D0944		Lomitapide	C39H37F6N3O2	9853053	Major		Inter Info	[14]
D1292		Pimozide	C28H29F2N3O	16362	Major		Inter Info	[17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25]
D1385		Rasagiline	C12H13N	3052776	Major		Inter Info	[17], [26], [27]
D0084		Anagrelide	C10H7Cl2N3O	135409400	Moderate		Inter Info	[28]
D0115		Astemizole	C28H31FN4O	2247	Moderate		Inter Info	[2]
D0539		Duloxetine	C18H19NOS	60835	Moderate		Inter Info	[42], [43], [44], [45]
D0687		Fluvoxamine	C15H21F3N2O2	5324346	Moderate		Inter Info	[47], [48]
D0740		Grepafloxacin	C19H22FN3O3	72474	Moderate		Inter Info	[49]
D0793		Imatinib	C29H31N7O	5291	Moderate		Inter Info	[50]
D1075		Mirtazapine	C17H19N3	4205	Moderate		Inter Info	[56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D1119		Nelfinavir	C32H45N3O4S	64143	Moderate		Inter Info	[62]
D1415		Ritonavir	C37H48N6O5S2	392622	Moderate		Inter Info	[65], [66], [67]
D1570		Theophylline	C7H8N4O2	2153	Moderate		Inter Info	[69], [70], [2]
D1706		Voriconazole	C16H14F3N5O	71616	Moderate		Inter Info	[17], [26], [80]
D1711		Warfarin	C19H16O4	54678486	Moderate		Inter Info	[81], [82], [2], [83]
D0002		Abametapir (topical)	C12H12N2	15664	Moderate		Inter Info	[84]
D0043		Alosetron	C17H18N4O	2099	Moderate		Inter Info	[85]
D0064		Aminophylline	C16H24N10O4	9433	Moderate		Inter Info	[69], [70], [2]
D0112		Asenapine	C17H16ClNO	3036780	Moderate		Inter Info	[88]
D0171		Berotralstat	C30H26F4N6O	137528262	Moderate		Inter Info	[90]
D0251		Capmatinib	C23H17FN6O	25145656	Moderate		Inter Info	[93]
D0386		Conivaptan	C32H26N4O2	151171	Moderate		Inter Info	[95]
D0413		Dalfopristin	C34H50N4O9S	6323289	Moderate		Inter Info	[97]
D0432		Deferasirox	C21H15N3O4	214348	Moderate		Inter Info	[98]
D0543		Duvelisib	C22H17ClN6O	50905713	Moderate		Inter Info	[99]
D0559		Eliglustat	C23H36N2O4	23652731	Moderate		Inter Info	[100]
D0638		Fedratinib	C27H36N6O3S	16722836	Moderate		Inter Info	[26], [104]
D0699		Fostamatinib	C23H26FN6O9P	11671467	Moderate		Inter Info	[105]
D0724		Givosiran	C78H139N11O30	119058042	Moderate		Inter Info	[106]
D0867		Itraconazole	C35H38Cl2N8O4	55283	Moderate		Inter Info	[108], [17], [109], [110], [111], [112], [25], [113], [114]
D0869		Ivacaftor	C24H28N2O3	16220172	Moderate		Inter Info	[115], [116], [117], [118]
D0894		Lapatinib	C29H26ClFN4O4S	208908	Moderate		Inter Info	[119]
D0896		Larotrectinib	C21H22F2N6O2	46188928	Moderate		Inter Info	[17], [26], [120]
D0899		Lefamulin	C28H45NO5S	25185057	Moderate		Inter Info	[121]
D0916		Levobupivacaine	C18H28N2O	92253	Moderate		Inter Info	[26], [122]
D0946		Lonafarnib	C27H31Br2ClN4O2	148195	Moderate		Inter Info	[123]
D1063		Mifepristone	C29H35NO2	55245	Moderate		Inter Info	[17], [26], [125], [126]
D1117		Nefazodone	C25H32ClN5O2	4449	Moderate		Inter Info	[127]
D1136		Nilotinib	C28H22F3N7O	644241	Moderate		Inter Info	[128]
D1160		Obeticholic acid	C26H44O4	447715	Moderate		Inter Info	[129]
D1189		Osilodrostat	C13H10FN3	44139752	Moderate		Inter Info	[131]
D1201		Oxtriphylline	C12H21N5O3	656652	Moderate		Inter Info	[69], [70], [2]
D1251		Pentoxifylline	C13H18N4O3	4740	Moderate		Inter Info	[133], [134]
D1299		Pirfenidone	C12H11NO	40632	Moderate		Inter Info	[26], [135]
D1378		Ramelteon	C16H21NO2	208902	Moderate		Inter Info	[136]
D1398		Ribociclib	C23H30N8O	44631912	Moderate		Inter Info	[137], [138], [139], [140], [141], [142], [143], [144], [145]
D1422		Roflumilast	C17H14Cl2F2N2O3	449193	Moderate		Inter Info	[26], [147], [148]
D1432		Rucaparib	C19H18FN3O	9931954	Moderate		Inter Info	[130]
D1444		Saquinavir	C38H50N6O5	441243	Moderate		Inter Info	[149], [150]
D1459		Selpercatinib	C29H31N7O3	134436906	Moderate		Inter Info	[26], [151]
D1505		Stiripentol	C14H18O3	5311454	Moderate		Inter Info	[26], [154], [155]
D1536		Tasimelteon	C15H19NO2	10220503	Moderate		Inter Info	[156]
D1544		Telithromycin	C43H65N5O10	3002190	Moderate		Inter Info	[157], [158]
D1660		Tucatinib	C26H24N8O2	51039094	Moderate		Inter Info	[161]
D1687		Vemurafenib	C23H18ClF2N3O3S	42611257	Moderate		Inter Info	[10]
D0069		Amlodipine	C20H25ClN2O5	2162	Minor		Inter Info	[2]
D0497		Diltiazem	C22H26N2O4S	39186	Minor		Inter Info	[2]
D0865		Isradipine	C19H21N3O5	3784	Minor		Inter Info	[2]
D1130		Nicardipine	C26H29N3O6	4474	Minor		Inter Info	[2]
D1138		Nimodipine	C21H26N2O7	4497	Minor		Inter Info	[2]
D1141		Nisoldipine	C20H24N2O6	4499	Minor		Inter Info	[2]
D1690		Verapamil	C27H38N2O4	2520	Minor		Inter Info	[2]
D0170		Bepridil	C24H34N2O	2351	Minor		Inter Info	[2]
D0911		Levamlodipine	C20H25ClN2O5	9822750	Minor		Inter Info	[2]
D1134		Nifedipine	C17H18N2O6	4485	Minor		Inter Info	[2]
	CYP450 enzyme induction					Drug Num: 20
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0194		Bosentan	C27H29N5O6S	104865	Moderate		Inter Info	[40]
D0554		Efavirenz	C14H9ClF3NO2	64139	Moderate		Inter Info	[46]
D1128		Nevirapine	C15H14N4O	4463	Moderate		Inter Info	[17], [26], [63], [64]
D1494		Somatotropin	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[17], [26], [68]
D1652		Troglitazone	C24H27NO5S	5591	Moderate		Inter Info	[73], [74], [75], [76], [77], [78], [79]
D0044		Alpelisib	C19H22F3N5O2S	56649450	Moderate		Inter Info	[86]
D0095		Apalutamide	C21H15F4N5O2S	24872560	Moderate		Inter Info	[26], [87]
D0204		Brigatinib	C29H39ClN7O2P	68165256	Moderate		Inter Info	[91]
D0300		Cenobamate	C10H10ClN5O2	11962412	Moderate		Inter Info	[94]
D0406		Dabrafenib	C23H20F3N5O2S2	44462760	Moderate		Inter Info	[26], [96]
D0578		Enzalutamide	C21H16F4N4O2S	15951529	Moderate		Inter Info	[101], [17], [26], [102]
D0628		Etravirine	C20H15BrN6O	193962	Moderate		Inter Info	[103]
D0953		Lorlatinib	C21H19FN6O2	71731823	Moderate		Inter Info	[124]
D1167		Olaparib	C24H23FN4O3	23725625	Moderate		Inter Info	[17], [26], [130]
D1190		Osimertinib	C28H33N7O2	71496458	Moderate		Inter Info	[132]
D1401		Rifapentine	C47H64N4O12	135403821	Moderate		Inter Info	[146], [83]
D1493		Somapacitan	C54H95N13O20S2	129894493	Moderate		Inter Info	[17], [26], [68]
D1495		Somatrem	C43H72N14O14	5487805	Moderate		Inter Info	[17], [26], [153], [68]
D1546		Telotristat ethyl	C27H26ClF3N6O3	25181577	Moderate		Inter Info	[26], [159]
D0106		Armodafinil	C15H15NO2S	9690109	Minor		Inter Info	[162], [163], [164], [165], [166]
	Competitive inhibition of metabolic enzyme					Drug Num: 3
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D1476		Sirolimus	C51H79NO13	5284616	Moderate		Inter Info	[152], [67]
D1526		Tacrolimus	C44H69NO12	445643	Moderate		Inter Info	[152], [67]
D1549		Temsirolimus	C56H87NO16	6918289	Moderate		Inter Info	[152], [67]
	Decreased metabolism (Unspecific)					Drug Num: 11
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0173		Betaxolol	C18H29NO3	2369	Moderate		Inter Info	[2]
D0188		Bisoprolol	C18H31NO4	2405	Moderate		Inter Info	[2]
D0884		Labetalol	C19H24N2O3	3869	Moderate		Inter Info	[2]
D1049		Metoprolol	C15H25NO3	4171	Moderate		Inter Info	[2]
D1357		Propranolol	C16H21NO2	4946	Moderate		Inter Info	[2]
D1585		Timolol	C13H24N4O3S	33624	Moderate		Inter Info	[2]
D0010		Acebutolol	C18H28N2O4	1978	Moderate		Inter Info	[2]
D0267		Carvedilol	C24H26N2O4	2585	Moderate		Inter Info	[2]
D1114		Nebivolol	C22H25F2NO4	71301	Moderate		Inter Info	[2]
D1244		Penbutolol	C18H29NO2	37464	Moderate		Inter Info	[2]
D1293		Pindolol	C14H20N2O2	4828	Moderate		Inter Info	[2]
Affected excretion pathways
	Decreased renal excretion (Unspecific)					Drug Num: 1
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D1555		Terfenadine	C32H41NO2	5405	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2]
Pharmacodynamic additive effects
	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity					Drug Num: 19
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0900		Leflunomide	C12H9F3N2O2	3899	Major		Inter Info	[11], [12], [13]
D1073		Mipomersen	C230H324N67O122P19S19	118984467	Major		Inter Info	[15]
D1258		Pexidartinib	C20H15ClF3N5	25151352	Major		Inter Info	[16]
D1556		Teriflunomide	C12H9F3N2O2	54684141	Major		Inter Info	[11], [12], [13]
D0114		Asparaginase Escherichia coli	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[29], [30], [31], [17], [26], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39]
D0357		Clofarabine	C10H11ClFN5O3	119182	Moderate		Inter Info	[41]
D0826		Interferon beta-1a	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[51], [52], [53], [54]
D0827		Interferon beta-1b	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[51], [52], [53], [54]
D1025		Methotrexate	C20H22N8O5	126941	Moderate		Inter Info	[26], [55]
D1106		Naltrexone	C20H23NO4	5360515	Moderate		Inter Info	[61]
D1234		Pegaspargase	C14H19NO	436058	Moderate		Inter Info	[29], [30], [31], [17], [26], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39]
D1589		Tioguanine	C5H5N5S	2723601	Moderate		Inter Info	[71], [72]
D0113		Asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[29], [30], [31], [17], [26], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39]
D0149		Bedaquiline	C32H31BrN2O2	5388906	Moderate		Inter Info	[89]
D0232		Calaspargase pegol	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[29], [30], [31], [17], [26], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39]
D0248		Cannabidiol	C21H30O2	644019	Moderate		Inter Info	[26], [92]
D0789		Idelalisib	C22H18FN7O	11625818	Moderate		Inter Info	[107]
D1239		Peginterferon beta-1a	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[51], [52], [53], [54]
D1615		Trabectedin	C39H43N3O11S	108150	Moderate		Inter Info	[26], [160]

References
1	Awni WM, Cavanaugh JH, Leese P, Kasier J, Cao GL, Locke CS, Dube LM "The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between zileuton and terfenadine." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 52 (1997): 49-54. [PMID: 9143867]
2	Product Information. Zylo Filmtab (zileuton). Abbott Pharmaceutical, Abbott Park, IL.
3	Granfors MT, Backman JT, Laitila J, Neuvonen PJ "Tizanidine is mainly metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2 in vitro." Br J Clin Pharmacol 57 (2004): 349-53. [PMID: 14998432]
4	Granfors MT, Backman JT, Neuvonen M, Ahonen J, Neuvonen PJ "Fluvoxamine drastically increases concentrations and effects of tizanidine: A potentially hazardous interaction." Clin Pharmacol Ther 75 (2004): 331-41. [PMID: 15060511]
5	Granfors MT, Backman JT, Neuvonen M, Neuvonen PJ "Ciprofloxacin greatly increases concentrations and hypotensive effect of tizanidine by inhibiting its cytochrome P450 1A2-mediated presystemic metabolism." Clin Pharmacol Ther 76 (2004): 598-606. [PMID: 15592331]
6	Momo K, Doki K, Hosono H, Homma M, Kohda Y "Drug interaction of tizanidine and fluvoxamine." Clin Pharmacol Ther 76 (2004): 509-10. [PMID: 15536467]
7	Momo K, Homma M, Kohda Y, Ohkoshi N, Yoshizawa T, Tamaoka A "Drug interaction of tizanidine and ciprofloxacin: Case report." Clin Pharmacol Ther 80 (2006): 717-9. [PMID: 17178273]
8	Product Information. Vioxx (rofecoxib). Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
9	Product Information. Zanaflex (tizanidine). Acorda Therapeutics, Hawthorne, NY.
10	Product Information. Zelboraf (vemurafenib). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
11	Canadian Pharmacists Association.
12	EMEA "EMEA public statement on leflunomide (ARAVA) - severe and serious hepatic reactions.".
13	Product Information. Arava (leflunomide). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
14	Product Information. Juxtapid (lomitapide). Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
15	Product Information. Kynamro (mipomersen). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
16	Product Information. Turalio (pexidartinib). Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Parsippany, NJ.
17	Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
18	Desta Z, Kerbusch T, Flockhart DA "Effect of clarithromycin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pimozide in healthy poor and extensive metabolizers of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)." Clin Pharmacol Ther 65 (1999): 10-20. [PMID: 9951426]
19	Dresser GK, Spence JD, Bailey DG "Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic consequences and clinical relevance of cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition." Clin Pharmacokinet 38 (2000): 41-57. [PMID: 10668858]
20	Flockhart DA, Drici MD, Kerbusch T, et al "Studies on the mechanism of a fatal clarithromycin-pimozide interaction in a patient with tourette syndrome." J Clin Psychopharmacol 20 (2000): 317-24. [PMID: 10831018]
21	Glassman AH, Bigger JT Jr "Antipsychotic drugs: prolonged QTc interval, torsade de pointes, and sudden death." Am J Psychiatry 158 (2001): 1774-82. [PMID: 11691681]
22	Krahenbuhl S, Sauter B, Kupferschmidt H, Krause M, Wyss PA, Meier PJ "Case report: reversible QT prolongation with torsades de pointes in a patient with pimozide intoxication." Am J Med Sci 309 (1995): 315-6. [PMID: 7771501]
23	Mangum EM, Graham KK "Lopinavir-Ritonavir: a new protease inhibitor." Pharmacotherapy 21 (2001): 1352-63. [PMID: 11714208]
24	Product Information. Orap Tablets (pimozide). Gate Pharmaceuticals, Sellersville, PA.
25	Product Information. Sporanox (itraconazole). Janssen Pharmaceutica, Titusville, NJ.
26	Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
27	Product Information. Azilect (rasagiline). Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, North Wales, PA.
28	Product Information. Agrylin (anagrelide). Roberts Pharmaceutical Corporation, Eatontown, NJ.
29	Al-Nawakil C, Willems L, Mauprivez C, et.al "Successful treatment of l-asparaginase-induced severe acute hepatotoxicity using mitochondrial cofactors." Leuk Lymphoma 55 (2014): 1670-4. [PMID: 24090500]
30	Bodmer M, Sulz M, Stadlmann S, Droll A, Terracciano L, Krahenbuhl S "Fatal liver failure in an adult patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia following treatment with L-asparaginase." Digestion 74 (2006): epub. [PMID: 16988508]
31	Cerner Multum, Inc "ANVISA Bulario Eletrnico.".
32	Christ TN, Stock W, Knoebel RW "Incidence of asparaginase-related hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, and thrombotic events in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with a pediatric-inspired regimen." J Oncol Pharm Pract 24 (2018): 299-308. [PMID: 28355969]
33	Jenkins R, Perlin E "Severe hepatotoxicity from Escherichia coli L-asparaginase." J Natl Med Assoc 79 (1987): 775-9. [PMID: 3305969]
34	Lu G, Karur V, Herrington JD, Walker MG "Successful treatment of pegaspargase-induced acute hepatotoxicity with vitamin B complex and L-carnitine" Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 29 (2016): 46-7. [PMID: 26722167]
35	Product Information. Asparlas (calaspargase pegol). Servier, Boston, MA.
36	Product Information. Elspar (asparaginase). Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
37	Product Information. Erwinaze (asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi). EUSA Pharma, Newtown, PA.
38	Product Information. Oncaspar (pegaspargase). Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA.
39	Burke PW, Aldoss I, Lunning MA, et.al "High-grade PEGylated asparaginase-related hepatotoxicity occurrence in a pediatric-inspired adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia regimen does not necessarily predict recurrent hepatotoxicity in subsequent cycles." Blood 122 (2013): 2671. [PMID: 29407583]
40	Product Information. Tracleer (bosentan). Acetelion Pharmaceuticals US, Inc, South San Francisco, CA.
41	Product Information. Clolar (clofarabine). sanofi-aventis, Bridgewater, NJ.
42	Brosen K, Skjelbo E, Rasmussen BB, Poulsen HE, Loft S "Fluvoxamine is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P4501A2." Biochem Pharmacol 45 (1993): 1211-4. [PMID: 8466541]
43	Martinez C, Albet C, Agundez JA, et al. "Comparative in vitro and in vivo inhibition of cytochrome P450 CYP1A2, CYP2D6, and CYP3A by H2-receptor antagonists." Clin Pharmacol Ther 65 (1999): 369-76. [PMID: 10223772]
44	Product Information. Cymbalta (duloxetine). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
45	Uwe F, Strobl G, Manaut F, et al "Quinolone antibacterial agents: relationship between structure and in vitro inhibition of the human cytochrome P450 isofaorm CYP1A2." Mol Pharmacol 43 (1993): 191-9. [PMID: 8429824]
46	Product Information. Sustiva (efavirenz). DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
47	Damkier P, Hansen LL, Brosen K "Effect of fluvoxamine on the pharmacokinetics of quinidine." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 55 (1999): 451-6. [PMID: 10492058]
48	Product Information. Luvox (fluvoxamine). Solvay Pharmaceuticals Inc, Marietta, GA.
49	Product Information. Raxar (grepafloxacin). Glaxo Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC.
50	Product Information. Gleevec (imatinib mesylate). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
51	Product Information. Avonex (interferon beta-1a). Biogen, Cambridge, MA.
52	Product Information. Betaseron (interferon beta-1b). Berlex, Richmond, CA.
53	Product Information. Plegridy (peginterferon beta-1a). Biogen Idec Inc, Cambridge, MA.
54	Product Information. Rebif (interferon beta-1a). Serono Laboratories Inc, Norwell, MA.
55	Product Information. Methotrexate (methotrexate). Lederle Laboratories, Wayne, NJ.
56	Okubo M, Murayama N, Miura J, Chiba Y, Yamazaki H "Effects of cytochrome P450 2D6 and 3A5 genotypes and possible coadministered medicines on the metabolic clearance of antidepressant mirtazapine in Japanese patients." Biochem Pharmacol 93 (2015): 104-9. [PMID: 25475885]
57	Product Information. Remeron (mirtazapine). Organon, West Orange, NJ.
58	Product Information. Varubi (rolapitant). Tesaro Inc., Waltham, MA.
59	Sitsen JM, Maris FA, Timmer CJ "Concomitant use of mirtazapine and cimetidine: a drug-drug interaction study in healthy male subjects." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 56 (2000): 389-94. [PMID: 11009047]
60	Stormer E, von Moltke LL, Shader RI, Greenblatt DJ "Metabolism of the antidepressant mirtazapine in vitro: contribution of cytochromes P-450 1A2, 2D6, and 3A4" Drug Metab Dispos 28 (2000): 1168-75. [PMID: 10997935]
61	Product Information. ReVia (naltrexone). DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
62	Product Information. Viracept (nelfinavir). Agouron Pharma Inc, La Jolla, CA.
63	Product Information. Viramune (nevirapine). Boehringer-Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT.
64	Product Information. Viramune XR (nevirapine). Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT.
65	Olkkola KT, Palkama VJ, Neuvonen PJ "Ritonavir's role in reducing fentanyl clearance and prolonging its half-life." Anesthesiology 91 (1999): 681-5. [PMID: 10485779]
66	Product Information. Norvir (ritonavir). Abbott Pharmaceutical, Abbott Park, IL.
67	Product Information. Rapamune (sirolimus) Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
68	Product Information. Zorbtive (somatropin). Serono Laboratories Inc, Rockland, MA.
69	Granneman GR, Braeckman RA, Locke CS, Cavanaugh JH, Dube LM, Awni WM "Effect of zileuton on theophylline pharmacokinetics." Clin Pharmacokinet 29(suppl 2 (1995): 77-83. [PMID: 8620674]
70	Lau R "Drug interactions with zileuton." Lancet 349 (1997): 1479-80. [PMID: 9164345]
71	Product Information. Aubagio (teriflunomide). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
72	Product Information. Tabloid (thioguanine). Prasco Laboratories, Cincinnati, OH.
73	Burgess SJ, Singer GG, Brennan DC "Effect of troglitazone on cyclosporine whole blood levels." Transplantation 66 (1998): 272. [PMID: 9701278]
74	Frantz RP, Nguyen TT "Rezulin (troglitazone) greatly increases cyclosporine metabolism." J Heart Lung Transplant 17 (1998): 1037-8. [PMID: 9811416]
75	Fraser CG, Fierro L "Comment: troglitazone." Ann Pharmacother 32 (1998): 1111-2. [PMID: 9793612]
76	Kaplan B, Friedman G, Jacobs M, Viscuso R, Lyman N, DeFranco P, Bonomini L, Mulgaonkar SP "Potential interaction of troglitazone and cyclosporine." Transplantation 65 (1998): 1399-400. [PMID: 9625027]
77	Park MH, Pelegrin D, Haug MT, Young JB "Troglitazone, a new antidiabetic agent, decreases cyclosporine level." J Heart Lung Transplant 17 (1998): 1139-40. [PMID: 9855455]
78	Product Information. Rezulin (troglitazone). Parke-Davis, Morris Plains, NJ.
79	Terra SG, Washam JB, May DB "Comment: troglitazone drug interactions." Ann Pharmacother 32 (1998): 1111. [PMID: 9793611]
80	Product Information. VFEND (voriconazole). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
81	Awni WM, Hussein Z, Granneman GR, Patterson KJ, Dube LM, Cavanaugh JH "Pharmacodynamic and stereoselective pharmacokinetic interactions between zileuton and warfarin in humans." Clin Pharmacokinet 29(suppl 2 (1995): 67-76. [PMID: 8620673]
82	Lu P, Schrag ML, Slaughter DE, Raab CE, Shou M, Rodrigues AD "Mechanism-based inhibition of human liver microsomal cytochrome P450 1A2 by zileuton, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor." Drug Metab Dispos 31 (2003): 1352-60. [PMID: 14570767]
83	Thijssen HH, Flin ois JP, Beaune PH "Cytochrome P4502C9 is the principal catalyst of racemic acenocoumarol hydroxylation reactions in human liver microsomes." Drug Metab Dispos 28 (2000): 1284-90. [PMID: 11038154]
84	Product Information. Xeglyze (abametapir topical). Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
85	Product Information. Lotronex (alosetron). Glaxo Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC.
86	Product Information. Piqray (alpelisib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
87	Product Information. Erleada (apalutamide). Janssen Biotech, Inc., Horsham, PA, PA.
88	Product Information. Saphris (asenapine). Schering-Plough Corporation, Kenilworth, NJ.
89	Product Information. Sirturo (bedaquiline). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
90	Product Information. Orladeyo (berotralstat). BioCryst Pharmaceuticals Inc, Durham, NC.
91	Product Information. Alunbrig (brigatinib). Ariad Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
92	Product Information. Epidiolex (cannabidiol). Greenwich Biosciences Inc, Carlsbad, CA.
93	Product Information. Tabrecta (capmatinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
94	Product Information. Xcopri (cenobamate). SK Life Science, Inc., Paramus, NJ.
95	Product Information. Vaprisol (conivaptan). Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc, Nashville, TN.
96	Product Information. Tafinlar (dabrafenib). GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
97	Product Information. Synercid (dalfopristin-quinupristin) Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA.
98	Product Information. Exjade (deferasirox). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
99	Product Information. Copiktra (duvelisib). Verastem, Inc., Needham, MA.
100	Product Information. Cerdelga (eliglustat). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
101	Benoist G, van Oort I, et al "Drug-drug interaction potential in men treated with enzalutamide: Mind the gap." Br J Clin Pharmacol 0 (2017): epub. [PMID: 28881501]
102	Product Information. Xtandi (enzalutamide). Astellas Pharma US, Inc, Deerfield, IL.
103	Product Information. Intelence (etravirine). Ortho Biotech Inc, Bridgewater, NJ.
104	Product Information. Inrebic (fedratinib). Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ.
105	Product Information. Tavalisse (fostamatinib). Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA.
106	Product Information. Givlaari (givosiran). Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
107	Product Information. Zydelig (idelalisib). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
108	Auclair B, Berning SE, Huitt GA, Peloquin CP "Potential interaction between itraconazole and clarithromycin." Pharmacotherapy 19 (1999): 1439-44. [PMID: 10600094]
109	Chiba M, Hensleigh M, Nishime JA, Balani SK, Lin JH "Role of cytochrome P450 3A4 in human metabolism of MK-639, a potent human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor." Drug Metab Dispos 24 (1996): 307-14. [PMID: 8820421]
110	Gillies J, Hung KA, Fitzsimons E, Soutar R "Severe vincristine toxicity in combination with itraconazole." Clin Lab Haematol 20 (1998): 123-4. [PMID: 9681224]
111	Kaukonen KM, Olkkola KT, Neuvonen PJ "Itraconazole increases plasma concentrations of quinidine." Clin Pharmacol Ther 62 (1997): 510-7. [PMID: 9390107]
112	Lukkari E, Juhakoski A, Aranko K, Neuvonen PJ "Itraconazole moderately increases serum concentrations of oxybutynin but does not affect those of the active metabolite." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 52 (1997): 403-6. [PMID: 9272412]
113	Tailor SAN "Peripheral edema due to nifedipine-itraconazole interaction: a case report." Arch Dermatol 132 (1996): 1374. [PMID: 8607648]
114	Varis T, Kaukonen KM, Kivisto KT, Neuvonen PJ "Plasma concentrations and effects of oral methylprednisolone are considerably increased by itraconazole." Clin Pharmacol Ther 64 (1998): 363-8. [PMID: 9797792]
115	Product Information. Kalydeco (ivacaftor). Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
116	Product Information. Orkambi (ivacaftor-lumacaftor). Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
117	Product Information. Symdeko 4-Week (ivacaftor-tezacaftor). Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
118	Product Information. Trikafta (elexacaftor/ivacaftor/tezacaftor). Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
119	Product Information. Tykerb (lapatinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
120	Product Information. Vitrakvi (larotrectinib). Bayer Pharmaceutical Inc, West Haven, CT.
121	Product Information. Xenleta (lefamulin). Nabriva Therapeutics US, Inc., King of Prussia, PA.
122	Product Information. Chirocaine (levobupivacaine) Organon, West Orange, NJ.
123	Product Information. Zokinvy (lonafarnib). Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA.
124	Product Information. Lorbrena (lorlatinib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
125	He K, Woolf TF, Hollenberg PF "Mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P-450-3A4 by mifepristone (RU486)." J Pharmacol Exp Ther 288 (1999): 791-7. [PMID: 9918590]
126	Product Information. Mifeprex (mifepristone) Danco Laboratories, New York, NY.
127	Product Information. Serzone (nefazodone). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
128	Product Information. Tasigna (nilotinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
129	Product Information. Ocaliva (obeticholic acid). Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY.
130	EMA. European Medicines Agency. European Union "EMA - List of medicines under additional monitoring.".
131	Product Information. Isturisa (osilodrostat). Recordati Rare Diseases Inc, Lebanon, NJ.
132	Product Information. Tagrisso (osimertinib). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
133	Magnusson M, Bergstrand IC, Bjorkman S, Heijl A, Roth B, Hoglund P "A placebo-controlled study of retinal blood flow changes by pentoxifylline and metabolites in humans." Br J Clin Pharmacol 61 (2006): 138-47. [PMID: 16433868]
134	Product Information. Trental (pentoxifylline). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
135	Product Information. Esbriet (pirfenidone). Intermune Inc, Brisbane, CA.
136	Product Information. Rozerem (ramelteon). Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Lincolnshire, IL.
137	DSouza DL, Levasseur LM, Nezamis J, Robbins DK, Simms L, Koch KM "Effect of alosetron on the pharmacokinetics of alprazolam." J Clin Pharmacol 41 (2001): 452-4. [PMID: 11304902]
138	Kane GC, Lipsky JJ "Drug-grapefruit juice interactions." Mayo Clin Proc 75 (2000): 933-42. [PMID: 10994829]
139	Katoh M, Nakajima M, Yamazaki H, Yokoi T "Inhibitory effects of CYP3A4 substrates and their metabolites on P-glycoprotein-mediated transport." Eur J Pharm Sci 12 (2001): 505-13. [PMID: 11231118]
140	Nagy J, Schipper HG, Koopmans RP, Butter JJ, van Boxtel CJ, Kager PA "Effect of grapefruit juice or cimetidine coadministration on albendazole bioavailability." Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 (2002): 260-3. [PMID: 12139218]
141	Product Information. Kisqali (ribociclib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
142	Rawden HC, Kokwaro GO, Ward SA, Edwards G "Relative contribution of cytochromes P-450 and flavin-containing monoxygenases to the metabolism of albendazole by human liver microsomes." Br J Clin Pharmacol 49 (2000): 313-22. [PMID: 10759686]
143	Trivier JM, Libersa C, Belloc C, Lhermitte M "Amiodarone N-deethylation in human liver microsomes: involvement of cytochrome P450 3A enzymes (first report)." Life Sci 52 (1993): pl91-6. [PMID: 8445979]
144	Yu DK "The contribution of P-glycoprotein to pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions." J Clin Pharmacol 39 (1999): 1203-11. [PMID: 10586385]
145	Zhou XJ, Zhou-Pan XR, Gauthier T, Placidi M, Maurel P, Rahmani R "Human liver microsomal cytochrome P450 3A isozymes mediated vindesine biotransformation. Metabolic drug interactions." Biochem Pharmacol 45 (1993): 853-61. [PMID: 8452560]
146	Product Information. Priftin (rifapentine). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
147	Product Information. Daliresp (roflumilast). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
148	Product Information. Daxas (roflumilast). Nycomed Inc, Princeton, NJ.
149	Product Information. Fortovase (saquinavir) Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
150	Product Information. Invirase (saquinavir). Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
151	Product Information. Retevmo (selpercatinib). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
152	Product Information. Prograf (tacrolimus). Fujisawa, Deerfield, IL.
153	Product Information. Humatrope (somatropin). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
154	EMEA. European Medicines Agency "EPARs. European Union Public Assessment Reports.".
155	Product Information. Diacomit (stiripentol). Biocodex Inc, Creswell, OR.
156	Product Information. Hetlioz (tasimelteon). Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc, Rockville, MD.
157	Product Information. Ketek (telithromycin). Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ.
158	European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products. Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products "European Public Assessment Report Ketek (telithromycin) (Rev. 2) ".
159	Product Information. Xermelo (telotristat ethyl). Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., The Woodlands, TX.
160	Product Information. Yondelis (trabectedin). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
161	Product Information. Tukysa (tucatinib). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
162	Doherty MM, Charman WN "The mucosa of the small intestine: how clinically relevant as an organ of drug metabolism?" Clin Pharmacokinet 41 (2002): 235-53. [PMID: 11978143]
163	Product Information. Nuvigil (armodafinil). Cephalon Inc, West Chester, PA.
164	Product Information. Provigil (modafinil). Cephalon, Inc, West Chester, PA.
165	Robertson P Jr, Hellriegel ET, Arora S, Nelson M "Effect of modafinil on the pharmacokinetics of ethinyl estradiol and triazolam in healthy volunteers." Clin Pharmacol Ther 71 (2002): 46-56. [PMID: 11823757]
166	Robertson P, Decory HH, Madan A, Parkinson A "In vitro inhibition and induction of human hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes by modafinil." Drug Metab Dispos 28 (2000): 664-71. [PMID: 10820139]

Details of Drug

Details of Drug

Cite MecDDI

About MecDDI

Correspondence