Drug General Information (ID: D0722)
  Drug Name
Ginkgo biloba
  Drug Type Natural product
  Drug Synonymous
119460-49-0; 15291-75-5; 291G755; 9H-1,7a-(Epoxymethano)-1H,6aH-cyclopenta(c)furo(2,3-b)furo(3',2':3,4)cyclopenta(1,2-d)furan-5,9,12(4H)-trione, 3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)hexahydro-4,7b-dihydroxy-8-methyl-, (1R-(1alpha,3beta,3aS*,4beta,6aalpha,7aalpha,7balpha,8alpha,10aalpha,11 aS*))-; 9H-1,7a-(Epoxymethano)-1H,6aH-cyclopenta(c)furo(2,3-b)furo(3',2':3,4)cyclopenta(1,2-d)furan-5,9,12(4H)-trione, 3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)hexahydro-4,7b-dihydroxy-8-methyl-, (1R,3S,3aS,4R,6aR,7aR,7bR,8S,10aS,11aS)-; AB00827840-06; AKOS030485969; AS-17563; BDBM50292287; BN 52020; BN52020; BN-52020; CHEMBL465161; DB06743; DTXSID10873222; Ginkgolide A; Ginkgolide A from Ginkgo biloba leaves; ginkgolide-A; HMS2089P12; HMS2864P03; MFCD00133365; MLS001216228; Q-100178; Q27095718; SMR000544404; SR-01000801389; SR-01000801389-2; TAZ2DPR77B; UNII-TAZ2DPR77B; V0723; ZINC4245650
    Click to Show/Hide
  Therapeutic Class Herbal Products

Drug-Drug Interaction Network
  Sunburst Graph
AM004  Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
AM006  Pharmacodynamic additive effects
AM007  Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
BM017  CYP450 enzyme inhibition
BM022  CYP450 enzyme induction
BM050  Increased risk of bleeding
BM069  Increased risk of lowers seizure threshold
BM089  Antagonize the effect of antihypertensive agents
BM107  Attenuated pharmacological effects (Unspecific)
BM109  Increased risk of other adverse reactions (Unspecific)
  Relation Graph
 Full list of drugs interacting with Ginkgo biloba
      Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
   CYP450 enzyme inhibition Drug Num:  3
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0559
 
Eliglustat
 
C23H36N2O4
 
23652731 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[28]
D0665
 
Flibanserin
 
C20H21F3N4O
 
6918248 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[29]
D0944
 
Lomitapide
 
C39H37F6N3O2
 
9853053 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[30], [31]
   CYP450 enzyme induction Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0554
 
Efavirenz
 
C14H9ClF3NO2
 
64139 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27]
      Pharmacodynamic additive effects
   Increased risk of bleeding Drug Num:  43
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0005
 
Abciximab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0017
 
Acetylsalicylic acid
 
C9H8O4
 
2244 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [5], [11]
D0047
 
Alteplase
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0087
 
Anisindione
 
C16H12O3
 
2197 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0088
 
Anistreplase
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0102
 
Ardeparin
 
C26H42N2O37S5
 
772 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0104
 
Argatroban
 
C23H36N6O5S
 
92722 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0189
 
Bivalirudin
 
C98H138N24O33
 
16129704 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0336
 
Cilostazol
 
C20H27N5O2
 
2754 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0364
 
Clopidogrel
 
C16H16ClNO2S
 
60606 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0481
 
Dicoumarol
 
C19H12O6
 
54676038 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [5], [11]
D0506
 
Dipyridamole
 
C24H40N8O4
 
3108 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0574
 
Enoxaparin
 
C26H42N2O37S5
 
772 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0586
 
Epoprostenol
 
C20H32O5
 
5282411 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0588
 
Eptifibatide
 
C35H49N11O9S2
 
448812 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0690
 
Fondaparinux
 
C31H53N3O49S8
 
5282448 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0092
 
Antithrombin Alfa
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [5], [11]
D0093
 
Antithrombin III human
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [5], [11]
D0096
 
Apixaban
 
C25H25N5O4
 
10182969 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0176
 
Betrixaban
 
C23H22ClN5O3
 
10275777 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0247
 
Cangrelor
 
C17H25Cl2F3N5O12P3S2
 
9854012 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0250
 
Caplacizumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0414
 
Dalteparin
 
C26H42N2O37S5
 
772 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0415
 
Danaparoid
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0435
 
Defibrotide
 
C20H21N4O6P
 
135565962 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0551
 
Edoxaban
 
C24H30ClN7O4S
 
10280735 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D1328
 
Prasugrel
 
C20H20FNO3S
 
6918456 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D1417
 
Rivaroxaban
 
C19H18ClN3O5S
 
9875401 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D1579
 
Ticagrelor
 
C23H28F2N6O4S
 
9871419 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D1588
 
Tinzaparin
 
C26H42N2O37S5
 
772 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D1705
 
Vorapaxar
 
C29H33FN2O4
 
10077130 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0753
 
Heparin
 
C26H42N2O37S5
 
772 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0792
 
Iloprost
 
C22H32O4
 
5311181 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D0904
 
Lepirudin
 
C287H440N80O111S6
 
118856773 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D1395
 
Reteplase
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D1506
 
Streptokinase
 
C11H19NO2
 
9815560 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D1518
 
Sulfinpyrazone
 
C23H20N2O3S
 
5342 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D1550
 
Tenecteplase
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D1581
 
Ticlopidine
 
C14H14ClNS
 
5472 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D1593
 
Tirofiban
 
C22H36N2O5S
 
60947 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D1625
 
Treprostinil
 
C23H34O5
 
6918140 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D1669
 
Urokinase
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
D1711
 
Warfarin
 
C19H16O4
 
54678486 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]
   Increased risk of lowers seizure threshold Drug Num:  164
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0030
 
Aldesleukin
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0035
 
Alfentanil
 
C21H32N6O3
 
51263 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0037
 
Alimemazine
 
C18H22N2S
 
5574 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [22], [14]
D0051
 
Amantadine
 
C10H17N
 
2130 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0064
 
Aminophylline
 
C16H24N10O4
 
9433 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0068
 
Amitriptyline
 
C20H23N
 
2160 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0072
 
Amoxapine
 
C17H16ClN3O
 
2170 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0074
 
Amphetamine
 
C9H13N
 
3007 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0105
 
Aripiprazole
 
C23H27Cl2N3O2
 
60795 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0165
 
Benzphetamine
 
C17H21N
 
5311017 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0175
 
Bethanechol
 
C7H17N2O2+
 
2370 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0219
 
Buprenorphine
 
C29H41NO4
 
644073 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0220
 
Bupropion
 
C13H18ClNO
 
444 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0226
 
Butorphanol
 
C21H29NO2
 
5361092 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0320
 
Chloroquine
 
C18H26ClN3
 
2719 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0324
 
Chlorpromazine
 
C17H19ClN2S
 
2726 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0340
 
Cinoxacin
 
C12H10N2O5
 
2762 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0341
 
Ciprofloxacin
 
C17H18FN3O3
 
2764 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0345
 
Citalopram
 
C20H21FN2O
 
2771 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0361
 
Clomipramine
 
C19H23ClN2
 
2801 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0370
 
Clozapine
 
C18H19ClN4
 
135398737 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0379
 
Codeine
 
C18H21NO3
 
5284371 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0398
 
Cyclobenzaprine
 
C20H21N
 
2895 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0401
 
Cycloserine
 
C3H6N2O2
 
6234 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0446
 
Desipramine
 
C18H22N2
 
2995 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0457
 
Dexfenfluramine
 
C12H16F3N
 
66265 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0467
 
Dextropropoxyphene
 
C22H29NO2
 
10100 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [22], [14]
D0470
 
Dezocine
 
C16H23NO
 
3033053 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0486
 
Diethylpropion
 
C13H19NO
 
7029 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0516
 
Donepezil
 
C24H29NO3
 
3152 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0523
 
Doxapram
 
C24H30N2O2
 
3156 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0526
 
Doxepin (topical)
 
C19H21NO
 
667477 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [22], [14]
D0533
 
Dronabinol
 
C21H30O2
 
16078 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0539
 
Duloxetine
 
C18H19NOS
 
60835 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0573
 
Enoxacin
 
C15H17FN4O3
 
3229 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0579
 
Ephedrine
 
C10H15NO
 
9294 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0596
 
Ertapenem
 
C22H25N3O7S
 
150610 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0641
 
Fenfluramine
 
C12H16F3N
 
3337 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0646
 
Fentanyl
 
C22H28N2O
 
3345 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0676
 
Fluoxetine
 
C17H18F3NO
 
3386 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0678
 
Fluphenazine
 
C22H26F3N3OS
 
3372 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0687
 
Fluvoxamine
 
C15H21F3N2O2
 
5324346 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0694
 
Foscarnet
 
CH3O5P
 
3415 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0707
 
Galantamine
 
C17H21NO3
 
9651 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0712
 
Gatifloxacin
 
C19H22FN3O4
 
5379 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0716
 
Gemifloxacin
 
C18H20FN5O4
 
9571107 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0054
 
Amifampridine
 
C5H7N3
 
5918 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0095
 
Apalutamide
 
C21H15F4N5O2S
 
24872560 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0112
 
Asenapine
 
C17H16ClNO
 
3036780 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0161
 
Benzhydrocodone
 
C25H25NO4
 
49836084 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [22], [14]
D0191
 
Blinatumomab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0202
 
Brexpiprazole
 
C25H27N3O2S
 
11978813 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0262
 
Cariprazine
 
C21H32Cl2N4O
 
11154555 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0280
 
Cefiderocol
 
C30H34ClN7O10S2
 
77843966 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0412
 
Dalfampridine
 
C5H6N2
 
1727 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0438
 
Delafloxacin
 
C18H12ClF3N4O4
 
487101 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0451
 
Desvenlafaxine
 
C16H25NO2
 
125017 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0460
 
Dexmethylphenidate
 
C14H19NO2
 
154101 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0465
 
Dextroamphetamine
 
C9H13N
 
5826 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0471
 
Diamorphine
 
C21H23NO5
 
5462328 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [22], [14]
D0493
 
Dihydrocodeine
 
C18H23NO3
 
5284543 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [22], [14]
D0578
 
Enzalutamide
 
C21H16F4N4O2S
 
15951529 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0791
 
Iloperidone
 
C24H27FN2O4
 
71360 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0794
 
Imipenem
 
C12H17N3O4S
 
104838 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [22], [14]
D0920
 
Levomilnacipran
 
C15H22N2O
 
6917779 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0940
 
Lithium carbonate
 
CLi2O3
 
11125 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [22], [14]
D0959
 
Lumateperone
 
C24H28FN3O
 
21302490 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0961
 
Lurasidone
 
C28H36N4O2S
 
213046 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1012
 
Metamfetamine
 
C10H15N
 
10836 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [22], [14]
D1026
 
Methotrimeprazine
 
C19H24N2OS
 
72287 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1066
 
Milnacipran
 
C15H22N2O
 
65833 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1084
 
Molindone
 
C16H24N2O2
 
23897 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1122
 
Neostigmine
 
C12H19N2O2+
 
4456 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1169
 
Oliceridine
 
C22H30N2O2S
 
66553195 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1183
 
Opium
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1239
 
Peginterferon beta-1a
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1262
 
Phendimetrazine
 
C12H17NO
 
30487 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1535
 
Tapentadol
 
C14H23NO
 
9838022 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1576
 
Thiothixene
 
C23H29N3O2S2
 
941651 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1696
 
Vilazodone
 
C26H27N5O2
 
6918314 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1708
 
Vortioxetine
 
C18H22N2S
 
9966051 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0740
 
Grepafloxacin
 
C19H22FN3O3
 
72474 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0750
 
Haloperidol
 
C21H23ClFNO2
 
3559 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0772
 
Hydrocodone
 
C18H21NO3
 
5284569 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0776
 
Hydromorphone
 
C17H19NO3
 
5284570 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0795
 
Imipramine
 
C19H24N2
 
3696 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0821
 
Interferon alfa-2a, Recombinant
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [22], [14]
D0822
 
Interferon alfa-2b
 
C16H17Cl3I2N3NaO5S
 
71306834 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0824
 
Interferon alfa-n1
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0825
 
Interferon alfa-n3
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0823
 
Interferon alfacon-1
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0826
 
Interferon beta-1a
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0827
 
Interferon beta-1b
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0828
 
Interferon gamma-1b
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0853
 
Isocarboxazid
 
C12H13N3O2
 
3759 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0909
 
Levacetylmethadol
 
C23H31NO2
 
15130 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [14], [23]
D0919
 
Levofloxacin
 
C18H20FN3O4
 
149096 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0923
 
Levorphanol
 
C17H23NO
 
5359272 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0927
 
Lidocaine
 
C14H22N2O
 
3676 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0932
 
Lindane
 
C6H6Cl6
 
727 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [22], [14]
D0937
 
Lisdexamfetamine
 
C15H25N3O
 
11597698 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0943
 
Lomefloxacin
 
C17H19F2N3O3
 
3948 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0957
 
Loxapine
 
C18H18ClN3O
 
3964 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0979
 
Maprotiline
 
C20H23N
 
4011 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0981
 
Mazindol
 
C16H13ClN2O
 
4020 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D0992
 
Mefloquine
 
C17H16F6N2O
 
4046 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1001
 
Meperidine
 
C15H21NO2
 
4058 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1008
 
Meropenem
 
C17H25N3O5S
 
441130 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1010
 
Mesoridazine
 
C21H26N2OS2
 
4078 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1017
 
Methadone
 
C21H27NO
 
4095 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1019
 
Methdilazine
 
C18H20N2S
 
14677 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1039
 
Methylphenidate
 
C14H19NO2
 
4158 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1046
 
Metoclopramide
 
C14H22ClN3O2
 
4168 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1054
 
Mexiletine
 
C11H17NO
 
4178 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1075
 
Mirtazapine
 
C17H19N3
 
4205 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1089
 
Morphine
 
C17H19NO3
 
5288826 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1090
 
Morphine (liposomal)
 
C17H19NO3
 
5288826 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [22], [14]
D1092
 
Moxifloxacin
 
C21H24FN3O4
 
152946 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1093
 
Muromonab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [22], [14]
D1100
 
Nalbuphine
 
C21H27NO4
 
5311304 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1102
 
Nalidixic acid
 
C12H12N2O3
 
4421 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1117
 
Nefazodone
 
C25H32ClN5O2
 
4449 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1118
 
Nelarabine
 
C11H15N5O5
 
3011155 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1155
 
Norfloxacin
 
C16H18FN3O3
 
4539 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1158
 
Nortriptyline
 
C19H21N
 
4543 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1165
 
Ofloxacin
 
C18H20FN3O4
 
4583 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1166
 
Olanzapine
 
C17H20N4S
 
135398745 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1194
 
Oxamniquine
 
C14H21N3O3
 
4612 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1201
 
Oxtriphylline
 
C12H21N5O3
 
656652 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1203
 
Oxycodone
 
C18H21NO4
 
5284603 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1208
 
Oxymorphone
 
C17H19NO4
 
5284604 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1215
 
Paliperidone
 
C23H27FN4O3
 
115237 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1229
 
Paroxetine
 
C19H20FNO3
 
43815 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1237
 
Peginterferon alfa-2a
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1238
 
Peginterferon alfa-2b
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1257
 
Perphenazine
 
C21H26ClN3OS
 
4748 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1263
 
Phenelzine
 
C8H12N2
 
3675 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1270
 
Phentermine
 
C10H15N
 
4771 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1281
 
Phenylpropanolamine
 
C9H13NO
 
26934 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1285
 
Physostigmine
 
C15H21N3O2
 
5983 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1292
 
Pimozide
 
C28H29F2N3O
 
16362 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1297
 
Piperazine
 
C4H10N2
 
4837 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1352
 
Promethazine
 
C17H20N2S
 
4927 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1355
 
Propiomazine
 
C20H24N2OS
 
4940 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1361
 
Protriptyline
 
C19H21N
 
4976 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1368
 
Quetiapine
 
C21H25N3O2S
 
5002 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1390
 
Remifentanil
 
C20H28N2O5
 
60815 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1406
 
Rimantadine
 
C12H21N
 
5071 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1413
 
Risperidone
 
C23H27FN4O2
 
5073 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1418
 
Rivastigmine
 
C14H22N2O2
 
77991 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1461
 
Sertraline
 
C17H17Cl2N
 
68617 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1464
 
Sibutramine
 
C17H26ClN
 
5210 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1512
 
Sufentanil
 
C22H30N2O2S
 
41693 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1525
 
Tacrine
 
C13H14N2
 
1935 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1570
 
Theophylline
 
C7H8N4O2
 
2153 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1572
 
Thiethylperazine
 
C22H29N3S2
 
5440 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1574
 
Thioridazine
 
C21H26N2S2
 
5452 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1616
 
Tramadol
 
C16H25NO2
 
33741 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1620
 
Tranylcypromine
 
C9H11N
 
19493 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1637
 
Trifluoperazine
 
C21H24F3N3S
 
5566 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1638
 
Triflupromazine
 
C18H19F3N2S
 
5568 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1657
 
Trovafloxacin
 
C20H15F3N4O3
 
62959 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1689
 
Venlafaxine
 
C17H27NO2
 
5656 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
D1726
 
Ziprasidone
 
C21H21ClN4OS
 
60854 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [14], [24], [25], [20], [26], [21]
   Increased risk of other adverse reactions (Unspecific) Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1624
 
Trazodone
 
C19H22ClN5O
 
5533 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[10], [32], [33]
      Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
   Antagonize the effect of antihypertensive agents Drug Num:  44
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0012
 
Acetazolamide
 
C4H6N4O3S2
 
1986 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D0158
 
Bendroflumethiazide
 
C15H14F3N3O4S2
 
2315 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[10]
D0166
 
Benzthiazide
 
C15H14ClN3O4S3
 
2343 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[10]
D0255
 
Carbamazepine
 
C15H12N2O
 
2554 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D0321
 
Chlorothiazide
 
C7H6ClN3O4S2
 
2720 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[10]
D0326
 
Chlorthalidone
 
C14H11ClN2O4S
 
2732 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[10]
D0356
 
Clobazam
 
C16H13ClN2O2
 
2789 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D0362
 
Clonazepam
 
C15H10ClN3O3
 
2802 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D0473
 
Diazepam
 
C16H13ClN2O
 
3016 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D0621
 
Ethotoin
 
C11H12N2O2
 
3292 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D0639
 
Felbamate
 
C11H14N2O4
 
3331 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D0697
 
Fosphenytoin
 
C16H15N2O6P
 
56339 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D0705
 
Gabapentin
 
C9H17NO2
 
3446 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D0208
 
Brivaracetam
 
C11H20N2O2
 
9837243 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D0248
 
Cannabidiol
 
C21H30O2
 
644019 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D0632
 
Ezogabine
 
C16H18FN3O2
 
121892 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D1032
 
Methsuximide
 
C12H13NO2
 
6476 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D1224
 
Paraldehyde
 
C6H12O3
 
31264 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D1433
 
Rufinamide
 
C10H8F2N4O
 
129228 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D0771
 
Hydrochlorothiazide
 
C7H8ClN3O4S2
 
3639 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[10]
D0775
 
Hydroflumethiazide
 
C8H8F3N3O4S2
 
3647 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[10]
D0798
 
Indapamide
 
C16H16ClN3O3S
 
3702 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[10]
D0890
 
Lamotrigine
 
C9H7Cl2N5
 
3878 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D0912
 
Levetiracetam
 
C8H14N2O2
 
5284583 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D0951
 
Lorazepam
 
C15H10Cl2N2O2
 
3958 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D1003
 
Mephenytoin
 
C12H14N2O2
 
4060 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D1040
 
Methylphenobarbital
 
C13H14N2O3
 
8271 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D1048
 
Metolazone
 
C16H16ClN3O3S
 
4170 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[10]
D1198
 
Oxcarbazepine
 
C15H12N2O2
 
34312 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D1225
 
Paramethadione
 
C7H11NO3
 
8280 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D1260
 
Phenacemide
 
C9H10N2O2
 
4753 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D1265
 
Phenobarbital
 
C12H12N2O3
 
4763 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D1269
 
Phensuximide
 
C11H11NO2
 
6839 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D1283
 
Phenytoin
 
C15H12N2O2
 
1775 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D1311
 
Polythiazide
 
C11H13ClF3N3O4S3
 
4870 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[10]
D1335
 
Pregabalin
 
C8H17NO2
 
5486971 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D1340
 
Primidone
 
C12H14N2O2
 
4909 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D1578
 
Tiagabine
 
C20H25NO2S2
 
60648 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D1609
 
Topiramate
 
C12H21NO8S
 
5284627 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D1633
 
Trichlormethiazide
 
C8H8Cl3N3O4S2
 
5560 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[10]
D1642
 
Trimethadione
 
C6H9NO3
 
5576 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D1677
 
Valproic acid
 
C8H16O2
 
3121 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D1694
 
Vigabatrin
 
C6H11NO2
 
5665 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
D1730
 
Zonisamide
 
C8H8N2O3S
 
5734 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [20], [21]
   Attenuated pharmacological effects (Unspecific) Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1691
 
Verteporfin
 
C82H84N8O16
 
11980904 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[34], [35]
References
1 Benjamin J, Muir T, Briggs K, Pentland B "A case of cerebral haemorrhage - can Ginkgo biloba be implicated?." Postgrad Med J 77 (2001): 112-3. [PMID: 11161079]
2 Chung KF, McCusker M, Page CP, Dent G, Guinot P, Barnes PJ "Effect of ginkgolide mixture (BN 52063) in antagonising skin and platelet responses to platelet acitivating factor in man." Lancet 1 (1987): 248-51. [PMID: 2880069]
3 Cupp MJ "Herbal remedies: adverse effects and drug interactions." Am Fam Physician 59 (1999): 1239-45. [PMID: 10088878]
4 Engelsen J, Nielsen JD, Winther K "Effect of coenzyme Q10 and Ginkgo biloba on warfarin dosage in stable, long-term warfarin treated outpatients. A randomised, double blind, placebo-crossover trial." Thromb Haemost 87 (2002): 1075-6. [PMID: 12083489]
5 Evans V "Herbs and the brain: friend or foe? The effects of ginkgo and garlic on warfarin use." J Neurosci Nurs 32 (2000): 229-32. [PMID: 10994537]
6 Fessenden JM, Wittenborn W, Clarke L "Gingko biloba: A case report of herbal medicine and bleeding postoperatively from a laparoscopic cholecystectomy." Am Surg 67 (2001): 33-5. [PMID: 11206893]
7 Fong KC, Kinnear PE "Retrobulbar haemorrhage associated with chronic Gingko biloba ingestion." Postgrad Med J 79 (2003): 531-2. [PMID: 13679551]
8 Fugh-Berman A "Herb-drug interactions." Lancet 355 (2000): 134-8. [PMID: 10675182]
9 Heck AM, DeWitt BA, Lukes AL "Potential interactions between alternative therapies and warfarin." Am J Health Syst Pharm 57 (2000): 1221-7 quiz 1228-30. [PMID: 10902065]
10 Izzo AA, Ernst E "Interactions between herbal medicines and prescribed drugs: a systematic review." Drugs 61 (2001): 2163-75. [PMID: 11772128]
11 Jayasekera N, Moghal A, Kashif F, Karalliedde L "Herbal medicines and postoperative haemorrhage." Anaesthesia 60 (2005): 725-6. [PMID: 15960738]
12 Jiang X, Williams KM, Liauw WS, et al. "Effect of ginkgo and ginger on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects." Br J Clin Pharmacol 59 (2005): 425-32. [PMID: 15801937]
13 Matthews MK Jr "Association of Ginko biloba with intracerebral hemorrhage." Neurology 50 (1998): 1933-4. [PMID: 9633781]
14 Miller LG "Herbal medicinals: selected clinical considerations focusing on known or potential drug-herb interactions." Arch Intern Med 158 (1998): 2200-11. [PMID: 9818800]
15 Rosenblatt M, Mindel J "Spontaneous hyphema associated with ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract." N Engl J Med 336 (1997): 1108. [PMID: 9091822]
16 Rowin J, Lewis SL "Spontaneous bilateral subdural hematomas associated with chronic Gingko biloba ingestion." Neurology 46 (1996): 1775-6. [PMID: 8649594]
17 Sierpina VS, Wollschlaeger B, Blumenthal M "Ginkgo biloba." Am Fam Physician 68 (2003): 923-6. [PMID: 13678141]
18 Vaes LP, Chyka PA "Interactions of warfarin with garlic, ginger, or ginseng: nature of evidence." Ann Pharmacother 34 (2000): 1478-82. [PMID: 11144706]
19 Wolf HR "Does Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 provide additional effects on coagulation and bleeding when added to acetylsalicylic acid 500 mg daily?" Drugs R D 7 (2006): 163-72. [PMID: 16752942]
20 Harms SL, Garrard J, Schwinghammer P, Eberly LE, Chang Y, Leppik IE "Ginkgo biloba use in nursing home elderly with epilepsy or seizure disorder." Epilepsia 47 (2006): 323-9. [PMID: 16499756]
21 Kupiec T, Raj V "Fatal seizures due to potential herb-drug interactions with Ginkgo biloba." J Anal Toxicol 29 (2005): 755-8. [PMID: 16419414]
22 Kajiyama Y, Fujii K, Takeuchi H, Manabe Y "Ginkgo seed poisoning." Pediatrics 109 (2002): 325-7. [PMID: 11826216]
23 Granger AS "Ginkgo biloba precipitating epileptic seizures." Age Ageing 30 (2001): 523-5. [PMID: 11742783]
24 Spinella M "Herbal medicines and epilepsy: the potential for benefit and adverse effects." Epilepsy Behav 2 (2001): 524-32. [PMID: 12609386]
25 Gregory PJ "Seizure associated with Ginkgo biloba?." Ann Intern Med 134 (2001): 344. [PMID: 11182853]
26 Miwa H, Iijima M, Tanaka S, Mizuno Y "Generalized convulsions after consuming a large amount of Gingko nuts." Epilepsia 42 (2001): 280-1. [PMID: 11240603]
27 Wiegman DJ, Brinkman K, Franssen EJ "Interaction of Ginkgo biloba with efavirenz." AIDS 23 (2009): 1184-5. [PMID: 19451798]
28 Product Information. Cerdelga (eliglustat). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
29 Product Information. Addyi (flibanserin). Sprout Pharmaceuticals, Raleigh, NC.
30 Product Information. Juxtapid (lomitapide). Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
31 Product Information. Qelbree (viloxazine). Supernus Pharmaceuticals Inc, Rockville, MD.
32 Product Information. Fycompa (perampanel). Eisai Inc, Teaneck, NJ.
33 Galluzzi S, Zanetti O, Binetti G, Trabucchi M, Frisoni GB "Coma in a patient with Alzheimer's disease taking low dose trazodone and ginkgo biloba." J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 68 (2000): 679-83
34 Product Information. Visudyne (verteporfin) Valeant Pharmaceuticals, Costa Mesa, CA.
35 Product Information. Xatral (alfuzosin). Sanofi-Synthelabo Canada Inc, Markham, ON.