Drug General Information (ID: D1668)
  Drug Name
Urea
  Drug Type Small molecule
  Drug Synonymous
carbamide; 57-13-6; Isourea; Carbonyldiamide; Ureophil; Carbonyldiamine; Carbamimidic acid; Pseudourea; Ureaphil; Urevert; Carbaderm; Alphadrate; Keratinamin; Calmurid; Aquadrate; Carbonyl diamide; Pastaron; Urepearl; Carbamide resin; Ultra Mide; Varioform ii; Aqua Care; Prespersion, 75 urea; carmol; basodexan; Harnstoff; Nutraplus; Mocovina; Urea solution; Supercel 3000; Aqua Care HP; Ureacin-20; Ureacin-40 Creme; Ureacin-10 lotion; Polyurea; Panafil; Onychomal; Hyanit; Caswell No. 902; Carbonyl Diamine; Mocovina [Czech]; Harnstoff [Ge
    Click to Show/Hide
  Disease Class DA24: Oesophagitis
  Therapeutic Class Topical Emollients
  Structure Could Not Find 2D Structure
3D Structure 2D Structure
  Formula CH4N2O
  InChI 1S/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4)
  InChIKey XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  Canonical SMILES C(=O)(N)N
  External Link
Pubchem ID 1176
CAS Number 57-13-6
CHEBI ID 16199
TTD ID D02XBW
VARIDT ID DR00048

Drug-Drug Interaction Network
  Sunburst Graph
AM005  Affected excretion pathways
AM006  Pharmacodynamic additive effects
AM007  Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
BM031  Increased renal excretion (Unspecific)
BM042  Additive hypotensive effects
BM067  Increased risk of hyponatremia
BM072  Increased risk of nephrotoxicity
BM083  Potentiated the pharmacological effects (Unspecific)
BM089  Antagonize the effect of antihypertensive agents
BM109  Increased risk of other adverse reactions (Unspecific)
  Relation Graph
 Full list of drugs interacting with Urea
      Affected excretion pathways
   Increased renal excretion (Unspecific) Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0940
 
Lithium carbonate
 
CLi2O3
 
11125 
Minor    Inter Info   
[233], [234], [235]
      Pharmacodynamic additive effects
   Additive hypotensive effects Drug Num:  8
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0644
 
Fenoldopam
 
C16H16ClNO3
 
3341 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[215], [216]
D1251
 
Pentoxifylline
 
C13H18N4O3
 
4740 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[220]
D0245
 
Canagliflozin
 
C24H25FO5S
 
24812758 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[57], [174], [221]
D0418
 
Dapagliflozin
 
C21H25ClO6
 
9887712 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[57], [174], [221]
D0565
 
Empagliflozin
 
C23H27ClO7
 
11949646 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[57], [174], [221]
D0980
 
Maraviroc
 
C29H41F2N5O
 
3002977 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[226]
D1408
 
Riociguat
 
C20H19FN8O2
 
11304743 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[230]
D0711
 
Garlic
 
NA
 
NA
Minor    Inter Info   
[231], [232]
   Increased risk of hyponatremia Drug Num:  16
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0345
 
Citalopram
 
C20H21FN2O
 
2771 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]
D0449
 
Desmopressin
 
C46H64N14O12S2
 
5311065 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[57], [58], [59], [60], [61], [62], [63], [64], [47], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [35], [70], [71], [11], [72], [73], [36], [74], [75], [76], [77], [78], [79], [80], [81], [37], [82], [83], [84], [85], [86], [87], [88], [89], [90], [91], [92], [93], [94], [46], [44], [95], [96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [24], [27], [51], [101], [29], [102], [103], [104], [105], [106], [26], [107], [108], [109], [110], [7], [111], [112], [113], [114], [115], [116], [117], [118], [119], [39], [120], [121], [34], [40], [122], [123], [12], [124], [125], [126], [127], [128], [129], [130], [131], [132], [133], [134], [135], [136], [137], [138], [139], [18], [140], [141], [142], [143], [144], [145], [146], [147], [148], [149], [23], [150], [151], [152], [153], [154], [155], [156], [157], [158], [159], [160], [161], [162], [163], [164], [165], [166], [167], [168], [169], [170], [171], [43], [172], [173], [174], [175], [176], [4], [177], [178], [179], [180], [181], [182], [183], [184], [185], [20], [186], [187], [188], [189], [190], [191], [31], [192], [193], [30], [194], [33], [195], [196], [197], [198], [199], [200], [201], [202], [203], [204], [205], [206], [207], [208], [209], [6], [210], [211]
D0539
 
Duloxetine
 
C18H19NOS
 
60835 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]
D0599
 
Escitalopram
 
C20H21FN2O
 
146570 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]
D0676
 
Fluoxetine
 
C17H18F3NO
 
3386 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]
D0687
 
Fluvoxamine
 
C15H21F3N2O2
 
5324346 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]
D1461
 
Sertraline
 
C17H17Cl2N
 
68617 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]
D1464
 
Sibutramine
 
C17H26ClN
 
5210 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [4], [7]
D0451
 
Desvenlafaxine
 
C16H25NO2
 
125017 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]
D0601
 
Eslicarbazepine
 
C15H14N2O2
 
9881504 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[222]
D0920
 
Levomilnacipran
 
C15H22N2O
 
6917779 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]
D1066
 
Milnacipran
 
C15H22N2O
 
65833 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]
D1696
 
Vilazodone
 
C26H27N5O2
 
6918314 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]
D1708
 
Vortioxetine
 
C18H22N2S
 
9966051 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]
D1683
 
Vasopressin
 
C46H65N15O12S2
 
644077 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[57], [58], [59], [60], [61], [62], [63], [64], [47], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [35], [70], [71], [11], [72], [73], [36], [74], [75], [76], [77], [78], [79], [80], [81], [37], [82], [83], [84], [85], [86], [87], [88], [89], [90], [91], [92], [93], [94], [46], [44], [95], [96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [24], [27], [51], [101], [29], [102], [103], [104], [105], [106], [26], [107], [108], [109], [110], [7], [111], [112], [113], [114], [115], [116], [117], [118], [119], [39], [120], [121], [34], [40], [122], [123], [12], [124], [125], [126], [127], [128], [129], [130], [131], [132], [133], [134], [135], [136], [137], [138], [139], [18], [140], [141], [142], [143], [144], [145], [146], [147], [148], [149], [23], [150], [151], [152], [153], [154], [155], [156], [157], [158], [159], [160], [161], [162], [163], [164], [165], [166], [167], [168], [169], [170], [171], [43], [172], [173], [174], [175], [176], [4], [177], [178], [179], [180], [181], [182], [183], [184], [185], [20], [186], [187], [188], [189], [190], [191], [31], [192], [193], [30], [194], [33], [195], [196], [197], [198], [199], [200], [201], [202], [203], [204], [205], [206], [207], [208], [209], [6], [210], [211]
D1689
 
Venlafaxine
 
C17H27NO2
 
5656 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]
   Increased risk of nephrotoxicity Drug Num:  9
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0472
 
Diatrizoate
 
C11H9I3N2O4
 
2140 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[212], [213], [214]
D0832
 
Iodixanol
 
C35H44I6N6O15
 
3724 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[212], [213], [214]
D0833
 
Iohexol
 
C19H26I3N3O9
 
3730 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[212], [213], [214]
D0831
 
Iodipamide
 
C20H14I6N2O6
 
3739 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[212], [213], [214]
D0834
 
Iopamidol
 
C17H22I3N3O8
 
65492 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[212], [213], [214]
D0836
 
Iopromide
 
C18H24I3N3O8
 
3736 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[212], [213], [214]
D0837
 
Iothalamic acid
 
C11H9I3N2O4
 
3737 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[212], [213], [214]
D0838
 
Ioversol
 
C18H24I3N3O9
 
3741 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[212], [213], [214]
D0839
 
Ioxilan
 
C18H24I3N3O8
 
3743 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[212], [213], [214]
   Potentiated the pharmacological effects (Unspecific) Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1777
 
Dinoprostone (topical)
 
C20H32O5
 
5280360 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2]
   Increased risk of other adverse reactions (Unspecific) Drug Num:  14
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0888
 
Lactulose
 
C12H22O11
 
11333 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[217], [218], [219]
D0184
 
Bisacodyl
 
C22H19NO4
 
2391 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[217], [218], [219]
D0269
 
Castor oil
 
C57H104O9
 
14030006 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[217], [218], [219]
D0701
 
Frangula purshiana bark
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[217], [218], [219]
D0731
 
Glycerin
 
C3H8O3
 
753 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[217], [218], [219]
D0887
 
Lactitol
 
C12H24O11
 
157355 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[217], [218], [219]
D0970
 
Magnesium citrate
 
C12H10Mg3O14
 
6099959 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[217], [218], [219]
D0973
 
Magnesium hydroxide
 
H2MgO2
 
14791 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[217], [218], [219]
D1069
 
Mineral oil
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[217], [218], [219]
D1266
 
Phenolphthalein
 
C20H14O4
 
4764 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[217], [218], [219]
D1287
 
Picosulfuric acid
 
C18H15NO8S2
 
5243 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[227], [228], [229]
D1308
 
Polyethylene glycol (3350 with electrolytes)
 
C2H6O2
 
174 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[227], [228], [229]
D1309
 
Polyethylene glycol (3350)
 
C2H6O2
 
174 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[217], [218], [219]
D1488
 
Sodium sulfate
 
Na2O4S
 
24436 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[227], [228], [229]
      Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
   Antagonize the effect of antihypertensive agents Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0926
 
Licorice
 
C42H62O16Zn
 
163463 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[223], [224], [225]
References
1 Product Information. Prostin E2 (dinoprostone topical). Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
2 Product Information. Prostin E2 Suppository (dinoprostone topical). Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
3 Product Information. Savella (milnacipran). Forest Pharmaceuticals, St. Louis, MO.
4 Jackson C, Carson W, Markowitz J, Mintzer J "SIADH associated with fluoxetine and sertraline therapy." Am J Psychiatry 152 (1995): 809-10. [PMID: 7726326]
5 Ellison JM, Milofsky JE, Ely E "Fluoxetine-induced bradycardia and syncope in two patients." J Clin Psychiatry 51 (1990): 385-6. [PMID: 2211552]
6 Kessler J, Samuels SC "Sertraline and hyponatremia." N Engl J Med 335 (1996): 524. [PMID: 8676965]
7 Robinson D, Brooks J, Mahler E, Sheikh JI "SIADH--compulsive drinking or SSRI influence?" Ann Pharmacother 30 (1996): 885. [PMID: 8826582]
8 Feder R "Bradycardia and syncope induced by fluoxetine." J Clin Psychiatry 52 (1991): 139. [PMID: 2005082]
9 Odeh M, Beny A, Oliven A "Severe symptomatic hyponatremia during citalopram therapy." Am J Med Sci 321 (2001): 159-60. [PMID: 11217819]
10 Rodriguez de la Torre B, Dreher J, Malevany I, et al. "Serum levels and cardiovascular effects of tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in depressed patients." Ther Drug Monit 23 (2001): 435-40. [PMID: 11477329]
11 Jacob S, Spinler SA "Hyponatremia associated with selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in older adults." Ann Pharmacother 40 (2006): 1618-22. [PMID: 16896026]
12 Vishwanath BM, Navalgund AA, Cusano W, Navalgund KA "Fluoxetine as a cause of SIADH." Am J Psychiatry 148 (1991): 542-3. [PMID: 2006703]
13 Fitzgerald MA "Hyponatremia associated with SSRI use in a 65-year-old woman." Nurse Pract 33 (2008): 11-2. [PMID: 18300778]
14 Product Information. Effexor (venlafaxine). Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
15 Barclay TS, Lee AJ "Citalopram-associated SIADH." Ann Pharmacother 36 (2002): 1558-63. [PMID: 12243606]
16 Product Information. Cymbalta (duloxetine). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
17 Product Information. Viibryd (vilazodone). Trovis Pharmaceuticals LLC, New Haven, CT.
18 van Campen JP, Voets AJ "SIADH caused by paroxetine." Ann Pharmacother 30 (1996): 1499. [PMID: 8968470]
19 Product Information. Celexa (citalopram). Forest Pharmaceuticals, St. Louis, MO.
20 Baliga RR, McHardy KC. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion due to fluvoxamine therapy [published correction appears in Br J Clin Pract 1993 May-Jun;47(3):119].?Br J Clin Pract. 1993;47(2):62-63. [PMID: 8334062]
21 Pacher P, Kecskemeti V "Cardiovascular side effects of new antidepressants and antipsychotics: new drugs, old concerns?" Curr Pharm Des 10 (2004): 2463-75. [PMID: 15320756]
22 Spigset O, hedenmalm K "Hyponatremia in relation to treatment with antidepressants: a survey of reports in the World Health Organization data base for spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions." Pharmacotherapy 17 (1997): 348-52. [PMID: 9085327]
23 Crews JR, Potts NL, Schreiber J, Lipper S "Hyponatremia in a patient treated with sertraline." Am J Psychiatry 150 (1993): 1564. [PMID: 8379571]
24 Staab JP, Yerkes SA, Cheney EM, Clayton AH "Transient SIADH associated with fluoxetine." Am J Psychiatry 147 (1990): 1569-70. [PMID: 2221175]
25 Odeh M, Seligmann H, Oliven A "Severe life-threatening hyponatremia during paroxetine therapy." J Clin Pharmacol 39 (1999): 1290-1. [PMID: 10586396]
26 Bouman WP, Johnson H, TrescoliSerrano C, Jones RG "Recurrent hyponatremia associated with sertraline and lofepramine." Am J Psychiatry 154 (1997): 580. [PMID: 9090354]
27 Girault C, Richard JC, Chevron V, Goulle JP, Droy JM, Bonmarchand G, Leroy J "Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in two elderly women with elevated serum fluoxetine." J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 35 (1997): 93-5. [PMID: 9022659]
28 Product Information. Lexapro (escitalopram). Forest Pharmaceuticals, St. Louis, MO.
29 Bradley ME, Foote EF, Lee EN, Merkle L "Sertraline-associated syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone: case report and review of the literature." Pharmacotherapy 16 (1996): 680-3. [PMID: 8840376]
30 Hwang AS, Magraw RM "Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone due to fluoxetine." Am J Psychiatry 146 (1989): 399. [PMID: 2784038]
31 Ayonrinde OT, Sanfilippo FM "SSRI antidepressants and SIADH." Aust N Z J Psychiatry 31 (1997): 306-7. [PMID: 9140643]
32 Product Information. Fetzima (levomilnacipran). Forest Pharmaceuticals, St. Louis, MO.
33 Thornton SL, Resch DS "SIADH associated with sertraline therapy." Am J Psychiatry 152 (1995): 809. [PMID: 7726325]
34 Kazal LA, Jr Hall DL, Miller LG, Noel ML "Fluoxetine-induced SIADH: a geriatric occurrence?" J Fam Pract 36 (1993): 341-3. [PMID: 8454983]
35 Cohen BJ, Mahelsky M, Adler L "More cases of SIADH with fluoxetine." Am J Psychiatry 147 (1990): 948-9. [PMID: 2356883]
36 Ayonrinde OT, Reutens SG, Sanfilippo FM "Paroxetine-induced SIADH." Med J Aust 163 (1995): 390. [PMID: 7565274]
37 Chua TP, Vong SK "Hyponatraemia associated with paroxetine." BMJ 306 (1993): 143. [PMID: 8435627]
38 Product Information. Paxil (paroxetine). GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
39 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and SIADH. Med J Aust 164 (1996): 562. [PMID: 8649298]
40 Goddard C, Paton C "Hyponatraemia associated with paroxetine." BMJ 305 (1992): 1332. [PMID: 1483080]
41 Product Information. Brintellix (vortioxetine). Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Lincolnshire, IL.
42 Covyeou JA, Jackson CW "Hyponatremia associated with escitalopram." N Engl J Med 356 (2007): 94-5. [PMID: 17202465]
43 Woo MH, Smythe MA "Association of SIADH with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors." Ann Pharmacother 31 (1997): 108-10. [PMID: 8997475]
44 Llorente MD, Gorelick M, Silverman MA "Sertraline as the cause of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion." J Clin Psychiatry 55 (1994): 543-4. [PMID: 7814351]
45 Product Information. Luvox (fluvoxamine). Solvay Pharmaceuticals Inc, Marietta, GA.
46 Blacksten JV, Birt JA "Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone secondary to fluoxetine." Ann Pharmacother 27 (1993): 723-4. [PMID: 8329791]
47 Schattner A, Skurnik Y "Fluoxetine-induced SIADH." J Am Geriatr Soc 44 (1996): 1413. [PMID: 8909370]
48 Product Information. Prozac (fluoxetine). Dista Products Company, Indianapolis, IN.
49 Product Information. Pristiq (desvenlafaxine). Wyeth Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
50 Rosner MH "Severe hyponatremia associated with the combined use of thiazide diuretics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors." Am J Med Sci 327 (2004): 109-11. [PMID: 14770031]
51 Doshi D, Borison R "Association of transient SIADH with sertraline." Am J Psychiatry 151 (1994): 779-80. [PMID: 8166325]
52 Product Information. Zoloft (sertraline). Roerig Division, New York, NY.
53 Andrews C, Pinner G "Postural hypotension induced by paroxetine." BMJ 316 (1998): 595. [PMID: 9518913]
54 Esposito P, Rampino T, Gregorini M, et al. "Severe symptomatic hyponatremia during sibutramine therapy: a case report." Am J Kidney Dis 52 (2008): 137-9. [PMID: 18487000]
55 Madhusoodanan S, Brenner R, Brafman I, Bogunovic O "Hyponatremia associated with paroxetine use." South Med J 92 (1999): 843. [PMID: 10456732]
56 Spier SA, Frontera MA "Unexpected deaths in depressed medical inpatients treated with fluoxetine." J Clin Psychiatry 52 (1991): 377-82. [PMID: 1894590]
57 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
58 Vanhees SL, Paridaens R, Vansteenkiste JF "Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone associated with chemotherapy-induced tumour lysis in small-cell lung cancer: case report and literature review." Ann Oncol 11 (2000): 1061-5. [PMID: 11038047]
59 Maramattom BV "Duloxetine-induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and seizures." Neurology 66 (2006): 773-4. [PMID: 16534127]
60 Kosmidis HV, Bouhoutsou DO, Varvoutsi MC, et al. "Vincristine overdose: experience with 3 patients." Pediatr Hematol Oncol 8 (1991): 171-8. [PMID: 1863543]
61 Miller MG "Tricyclics as a possible cause of hyponatremia in psychiatric patients." Am J Psychiatry 146 (1989): 807. [PMID: 2729439]
62 Kokko H, Hall PD, Afrin LB "Fentanyl-associated syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion." Pharmacotherapy 22 (2002): 1188-92. [PMID: 12222557]
63 ten Holt WL, van Iperen CE, Schrijver G, Bartelink AK "Severe hyponatremia during therapy with fluoxetine." Arch Intern Med 156 (1996): 681-2. [PMID: 21216670]
64 Nielsen OA, Johannessen AC, Bardrum B "Oxcarbazepine-induced hyponatremia, a cross-sectional study." Epilepsy Res 2 (1988): 269-71. [PMID: 3197696]
65 Goldstein L, Barker M, Segall F, Asihene R, Balser S, Lautenbach D, Mccoy M "Seizure and transient SIADH associated with sertraline." Am J Psychiatry 153 (1996): 732. [PMID: 8615425]
66 el Weshi A, Thieblemont C, Cottin V, Barbet N, Catimel G "Cisplatin-induced hyponatremia and renal sodium wasting." Acta Oncol 34 (1995): 264-5. [PMID: 7718269]
67 Tanay A, Firemann Z, Yust I, Abramov AL "Chlorpropamide-induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion." J Am Geriatr Soc 29 (1981): 334-6. [PMID: 7240625]
68 Lahr MB "Hyponatremia during carbamazepine therapy." Clin Pharmacol Ther 37 (1985): 693-6. [PMID: 4006369]
69 Catalano G, Kanfer SN, Catalano MC, Alberts VA "The role of sertraline in a patient with recurrent hyponatremia." Gen Hosp Psychiatry 18 (1996): 278-83. [PMID: 8832263]
70 Settle EC "Antidepressant drugs: disturbing and potentially dangerous adverse effects." J Clin Psychiatry 59 Suppl 16 (1998): 25-30. [PMID: 9796863]
71 Littlewood TJ, Smith AP "Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion due to treatment of lung cancer with cisplatin." Thorax 39 (1984): 636-7. [PMID: 6089367]
72 Kadowaki T, Hagura R, Kajinuma H, et al "Chlorpropamide-induced hyponatremia: incidence and risk factors." Diabetes Care 6 (1983): 468-71. [PMID: 6443808]
73 Laycock JF, Lewis AF "Potentiation of the response to vasopressin (pitressin) by treatment with a combination of chlorpropamide and chlorothiazide in Brattleboro rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus." Br J Pharmacol 59 (1977): 11-6. [PMID: 836992]
74 Hamburger S, Langley H, Bowers G "The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone associated with amitriptyline or trifluoperazine administration." J Kans Med Soc 81 (1980): 469-70. [PMID: 7229499]
75 Petersson I, Nilsson G, Hansson B-G, Hedner T "Water intoxication associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy." Acta Med Scand 221 (1987): 221-3. [PMID: 3591460]
76 Kagawa K, Fujitaka K, Isobe T, et al "Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH (SIADH) following cisplatin administration in a pulmonary adenocarcinoma patient with a malignant pleural effusion." Intern Med 40 (2001): 1020-3. [PMID: 11688826]
77 Gandelman MS "Review of carbamazepine-induced hyponatremia." Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 18 (1994): 211-33. [PMID: 8208974]
78 Ashton MG, Ball SG, Thomas TH, Lee MR "Water intoxication associated with carbamazepine tretment." Br Med J 1 (1977): 1134-5. [PMID: 861500]
79 McCarron M, Wright GD, Roberts SD "Water intoxication after low dose cyclophosphamide." BMJ 311 (1995): 292. [PMID: 7633237]
80 Garrett CA, Simpson TA "Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone associated with vinorelbine therapy." Ann Pharmacother 32 (1998): 1306-9. [PMID: 9876812]
81 Stephens WP, Coe JY, Baylis PH "Plasma arginine vasopressin concentrations and antidiuretic action of carbamazepine." Br Med J 1 (1978): 1445-7. [PMID: 647329]
82 Giles PD, Seem CC "Dothiepin and water handling." Lancet 2 (1985): 1013. [PMID: 2865482]
83 Luzecky MH, Burman KD, Schultz ER "The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone associated with amitriptyline administration." South Med J 67 (1974): 495-7. [PMID: 4817485]
84 Pledger DR, Mathew H "Hyponatraemia and clomipramine therapy." Br J Psychiatry 154 (1989): 263-4. [PMID: 2775959]
85 Whittaker JA, Parry DH, Bunch C, Weatherall DJ "Coma associated with vincristine therapy." Br Med J 4 (1973): 335-7. [PMID: 4758426]
86 Kosten TR, Camp W "Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in a patient receiving piperazine phenothiazines." Psychosomatics 21 (1980): 351,354-5. [PMID: 7384399]
87 Mitsch RA, Lee AK "Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone with imipramine." Drug Intell Clin Pharm 20 (1986): 787-9. [PMID: 3769770]
88 Cheung NT, Coley S, Sheeran T, Situnayake RD "Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone induced by diclofenac." BMJ 306 (1993): 186. [PMID: 8443484]
89 Rault RM "Case report: hyponatremia associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs." Am J Med Sci 305 (1993): 318-20. [PMID: 8484392]
90 Belton K, Thomas SH "Drug-induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion." Postgrad Med J 75 (1999): 509-10. [PMID: 10646042]
91 Cutting HO "Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone secondary to vincristine therapy." Am J Med 51 (1971): 269-71. [PMID: 5095530]
92 Bavbek N, Kargili A, Akcay A, Kaya A "Recurrent hyponatremia associated with citalopram and mirtazapine." Am J Kidney Dis 48 (2006): e61-2. [PMID: 16997047]
93 Lichtigfeld FJ, Gillman MA "Dangerous synergism between sedatives and a hyponatraemic state." J R Soc Med 83 (1990): 185. [PMID: 2325062]
94 Product Information. Vasopressin (vasopressin). APP (Abraxis Pharmaceutical Products), Schaumberg, IL.
95 Munro AH, Crompton GK "Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in oat-cell carcinoma of bronchus. Aggravation of hyponatraemia by intravenous cyclophosphamide." Thorax 27 (1972): 640-2. [PMID: 4343447]
96 Gupta AK, Saravay SM "Venlafaxine-induced hyponatremia." J Clin Psychopharmacol 17 (1997): 223-5. [PMID: 9169969]
97 Kinzie BJ "Management of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone." Clin Pharm 6 (1987): 625-33. [PMID: 3121240]
98 Egger C, Muehlbacher M, Nickel M, Geretsegger C, Stuppaeck C "A case of recurrent hyponatremia induced by venlafaxine." J Clin Psychopharmacol 26 (2006): 439. [PMID: 16855472]
99 Schwab M, Roder F, Morike K, Thon KP, Klotz U "Drug-induced hyponatraemia in elderly patients." Br J Clin Pharmacol 48 (1999): 105-6. [PMID: 10417484]
100 Webberley MJ, Murray JA "Life-threatening acute hyponatraemia induced by low dose cyclophosphamide and indomethacin." Postgrad Med J 65 (1989): 950-2. [PMID: 2616440]
101 Kimura T, Ota K, Shoju M et al "Chlorpropamide-induced ADH release, hyponatremia and central pontine myelinolysis in diabetes mellitus." Tohoku J Exp Med 177 (1995): 303-13. [PMID: 8928190]
102 Matsumura M, Yamaguchi M, Sato T "Severe hyponatremia in a patient treated with levomepromazine and carbamazepine." Intern Med 40 (2001): 459. [PMID: 11393424]
103 Epstein S, Van Mieghem W, Simson E, Jackson WP "Chlorpropamide hyponatremia." N Engl J Med 286 (1972): 785. [PMID: 5025793]
104 Appel WC "Possible roles of normeperidine and hyponatremia in a postoperative death." Can Med Assoc J 137 (1987): 912-3. [PMID: 3676934]
105 Agrawal NK, Rastogi A, Goyal R, Singh SK "Sertraline-induced hyponatremia in the elderly." CJEM 9 (2007): 415. [PMID: 18072985]
106 Jayachandran NV, Chandrasekhara PK, Thomas J, Agrawal S, Narsimulu G "Cyclophosphamide-associated complications: we need to be aware of SIADH and central pontine myelinolysis." Rheumatology 48 (2009): 89-90. [PMID: 18988633]
107 Pillans PI, Coulter DM "Fluoxetine and hyponatraemia - a potential hazard in the elderly." N Z Med J 107 (1994): 85-6. [PMID: 8202292]
108 Sloan RW, Kreider RM, Luderer JR "The effect of chlorpropamide hyponatremia on mental status in a nursing home population." J Fam Pract 16 (1983): 937-42. [PMID: 6842150]
109 Moses AM, Miller M "Drug-induced dilutional hyponatremia." N Engl J Med 291 (1974): 1234-9. [PMID: 4607502]
110 Tomiwa K, Mikawa H, Hazama F, Yazawa K, Hosoya R, Ohya T, Nishimura K "Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone caused by vincristine therapy: a case report of the neuropathology." J Neurol 229 (1983): 267-72. [PMID: 6192229]
111 Wilkinson TJ, Begg EJ, Winter AC, Sainsbury R "Incidence and risk factors for hyponatraemia following treatment with fluoxetine or paroxetine in elderly people." Br J Clin Pharmacol 47 (1999): 211-7. [PMID: 10190657]
112 Dirks AC, van Hyfte DM "Recurrent hyponatremia after substitution of citalopram with duloxetine." J Clin Psychopharmacol 27 (2007): 313. [PMID: 17502788]
113 Izzedine H, Launay-Vacher V, Ciroldi M, Fardet L, Deray G "Fanconi and inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone syndromes secondary to venlafaxine therapy." Nephron 92 (2002): 944-6. [PMID: 12399647]
114 Smith NJ, Espir ML, Baylis PH "Raised plasma arginine vasopressin concentration in carbamazepine-induced water intoxication." Br Med J 2 (1977): 804. [PMID: 912329]
115 Sarret D, Le Berre JP, Zemraoui N "Tramadol-induced hyponatremia." Am J Kidney Dis 52 (2008): 1026 author reply 1027. [PMID: 18971023]
116 Meynaar IA, Peeters AJ, Mulder AH, Ottervanger JP "Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion attributed to the serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, venlafaxine and paroxetine." Neth J Med 50 (1997): 243-5. [PMID: 9232089]
117 Instituto de Salud Pblica de Chile "Sistema de Consulta de Productos Registrados.".
118 Madhusoodanan S, Osnos R "Amitriptyline induced hyponatremia: a case report." Mt Sinai J Med 48 (1981): 431-3. [PMID: 6975430]
119 Degner D, Grohmann R, Kropp S, et al. "Severe adverse drug reactions of antidepressants: results of the German multicenter drug surveillance program AMSP." Pharmacopsychiatry 37 Suppl 1 (2004): S39-45. [PMID: 15052513]
120 Orbo A, Simonsen E "Cisplatin-induced sodium and magnesium wastage." Eur J Cancer 28A (1992): 1294. [PMID: 1627398]
121 Johannessen AC, Nielsen OA "Hyponatremia induced by oxcarbazepine." Epilepsy Res 1 (1987): 155-6. [PMID: 3143548]
122 Fort S, Bannister P, Manning A, Bolton R, Losowsky MS "Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion associated with dothiepin." Lancet 2 (1985): 551. [PMID: 2863561]
123 Product Information. DDAVP (desmopressin). Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA.
124 Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. West J Med 122 (1975): 145-9. [PMID: 1114800]
125 Palmer BF, Gates JR, Lader M "Causes and management of hyponatremia." Ann Pharmacother 37 (2003): 1694-702. [PMID: 14565794]
126 Famularo G, Gasbarrone L, De Virgilio A, Minisola G "Mirtazapine-associated hyponatremia in an elderly patient." Ann Pharmacother 43 (2009): 1144-5. [PMID: 19435965]
127 O'Sullivan D, Oyebode F "Hyponatraemia and lofepramine." Br J Psychiatry 150 (1987): 720-1. [PMID: 3651721]
128 Liu BA, Mittmann N, Knowles SR, Shear NH "Hyponatremia and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone associated with the use of selective serotoni reuptake inhibitors: a review of spontaneous reports [publishe erratum appears in Can Med Assoc J 1996 Oct 15 155(8):1043." CMAJ 155 (1996): 519-27. [PMID: 8804257]
129 Abbott R "Hyponatremia due to antidepressant medications." Ann Emerg Med 12 (1983): 708-10. [PMID: 6638632]
130 Perucca E, Garratt A, Hebdige S, Richens A "Water intoxication in epileptic patients receiving carbamazepine." J Neural Neurosurg Psychiatry 41 (1978): 713-8. [PMID: 681958]
131 Jacob S, Spinler SA. Hyponatremia associated with selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in older adults. Ann Pharmacother. 2006;40(9):1618-1622. [PMID: 16896026]
132 Safdieh JE, Rudominer R "A case of hyponatremia induced by duloxetine." J Clin Psychopharmacol 26 (2006): 675-676. [PMID: 17110834]
133 Culine S, Ghosn M, Droz JP "Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion induced by ifosfamide." Eur J Cancer 26 (1990): 922. [PMID: 2145942]
134 Harris RC "Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition and renal physiology." Am J Cardiol 89(6 Suppl 1) (2002): 10-7. [PMID: 11909556]
135 Product Information. Vasostrict (vasopressin). Par Pharmaceutical Inc, Chestnut Ridge, NY.
136 DeFronzo RA, Braine H, Colvin M, Davis PJ "Water intoxication in man after cyclophosphamide therapy: time course and relation to drug activation." Ann Intern Med 78 (1973): 861-9. [PMID: 4713567]
137 Lazarevic V, Hagg E, Wahlin A "Hiccups and severe hyponatremia associated with high-dose cyclophosphamide in conditioning regimen for allogeneic stem cell transplantation." Am J Hematol 82 (2007): 88. [PMID: 16917917]
138 Levsky ME, Schwartz JB "Sertraline-induced hyponatremia in an older patient." J Am Geriat Soc 46 (1998): 1582-3. [PMID: 9848826]
139 Moses AM, Howanitz J, Miller M "Diuretic action of three sulfonylurea drugs." Ann Intern Med 78 (1973): 541-4. [PMID: 4632790]
140 Fonseca VA, Deb M, Gokani SS, Bhandarkar SD "Chlorpropamide induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion." J Postgrad Med 26 (1980): 127-30. [PMID: 7218172]
141 Weir MR "Renal effects of nonselective NSAIDs and coxibs." Cleve Clin J Med 69(Suppl 1) (2002): SI53-8. [PMID: 12086295]
142 Davis FB, Davis PJ "Water metabolism in diabetes mellitus." Am J Med 70 (1981): 210-4. [PMID: 7457488]
143 Bjorck E, Samuelsson J "Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) after treatment with cyclophosphamide, alpha-interferon and betamethasone in a patient with multiple myeloma." Eur J Haematol 56 (1996): 323-5. [PMID: 8641409]
144 Cilli AS, Algun E "Oxcarbazepine-induced syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone." J Clin Psychiatry 63 (2002): 742. [PMID: 12197457]
145 Oldham RK, Pomeroy TC "Vincristine-induced syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone." South Med J 65 (1972): 1010-2. [PMID: 4557951]
146 Garson M "Syndrome of dilutional hyponatraemia secondary to tricyclic antidepressant." Practitioner 222 (1979): 411-2. [PMID: 450841]
147 Ortenzi A, Paggi A, Foschi N, Sabbatini D, Pistoli E "Oxcarbazepine and adverse events: impact of age, dosage, metabolite serum concentrations and concomitant antiepileptic therapy." Funct Neurol 23 (2008): 97-100. [PMID: 18671911]
148 Nicholson RG, Feldman W "Hyponatremia in association with vincristine therapy." Can Med Assoc J 106 (1972): 356-7. [PMID: 4501374]
149 John L, Perreault MM, Tao T, Blew PG "Serotonin syndrome associated with nefazodone and paroxetine." Ann Emerg Med 29 (1997): 287-9. [PMID: 9018197]
150 Ryan M, Adams AG, Larive LL "Hyponatremia and leukopenia associated with oxcarbazepine following carbamazepine therapy." Am J Health Syst Pharm 58 (2001): 1637-9. [PMID: 11556658]
151 Kalff R, Houtkooper MA, Meyer JW, et al "Carbamazepine and serum sodium levels." Epilepsia 24 (1984): 390-7. [PMID: 6327253]
152 Levin L, Sealy R, Barron J "Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion following cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum II in a patient with malignant thymoma." Cancer 50 (1982): 2279-82. [PMID: 6890402]
153 Hamed M, Mitchell H, Clow DJ "Hyponatraemic convulsion associated with desmopressin and imipramine treatment." BMJ 306 (1993): 1169. [PMID: 8499820]
154 Paliwal V, Garg RK, Kar AM, Singh MK "Oxcarbazepine induced hyponatremic coma." Neurol India 54 (2006): 214-5. [PMID: 16804276]
155 Kruger S, Lindstaedt M "Duloxetine and hyponatremia: a report of 5 cases." J Clin Psychopharmacol 27 (2007): 101-104. [PMID: 17224730]
156 Dong X, Leppik IE, White J, Rarick J "Hyponatremia from oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine." Neurology 65 (2005): 1976-8. [PMID: 16380624]
157 Cantwell BM, Idle M, Millward MJ, Hall G, Lind MJ "Encephalopathy with hyponatremia and inappropriate arginine vasopressin secretion following an intravenous ifosfamide infusion." Ann Oncol 1 (1990): 232. [PMID: 2261371]
158 Bourgeois JA "Reversible hyponatremia and venlafaxine." Psychosomatics 46 (2005): 495-6. [PMID: 16145194]
159 Purcell P, Valmana A "Toxic epidermal necrolysis following chlorpromazine ingestion complicated by SIADH." Postgrad Med J 72 (1996): 186-9. [PMID: 8731716]
160 Steinhoff BJ, Stoll KD, Stodieck SR, Paulus W "Hyponatremic coma under oxcarbazepine therapy." Epilepsy Res 11 (1992): 67-70. [PMID: 1563340]
161 Isojarvi JI, Huuskonen UE, Pakarinen AJ, Vuolteenaho O, Myllyla VV "The regulation of serum sodium after replacing carbamazepine with oxcarbazepine." Epilepsia 42 (2001): 741-5. [PMID: 11422328]
162 Okamoto M, Nako Y, Tachibana A, et al "Efficacy of phenytoin against hyponatremic seizures due to SIADH after administration of anticancer drugs in a neonate." J Perinatol 22 (2002): 247-8. [PMID: 11948390]
163 Kuroda H, Kawamura M, Hato T, et al. "Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone after chemotherapy with vinorelbine." Cancer Chemother Pharmacol (2007):. [PMID: 17989977]
164 Henry DA, Lawson DH, Reavey P, Renfrew S "Hyponatraemia during carbamazepine treatment." Br Med J 1 (1977): 83-4. [PMID: 832021]
165 Kuz GM, Manssourian A "Carbamazepine-induced hyponatremia: assessment of risk factors." Ann Pharmacother 39 (2005): 1943-6. [PMID: 16189283]
166 Robson WL, Leung AK "Hyponatraemia following desmopressin." BMJ 307 (1993): 64-5. [PMID: 8343697]
167 Parker WA "Imipramine-induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion." Drug Intell Clin Pharm 18 (1984): 890-4. [PMID: 6499653]
168 Ananth J, Lin KM "Siadh: a serious side effect of psychotropic drugs." Int J Psychiatry Med 16 (1986): 401-7. [PMID: 3557811]
169 Rider JM, Mauger TF, Jameson JP, Notman DD "Water handling in patients receiving haloperidol decanoate." Ann Pharmacother 29 (1995): 663-6. [PMID: 8520076]
170 O'Regan S, Carson S, Chesney RW, Drummond KN "Electrolyte and acid-base disturbances in the management of leukemia." Blood 49 (1977): 345-53. [PMID: 264790]
171 Wylie KR, Harris SJ, Harrop FM "Lofepramine-induced hyponatraemia." Br J Psychiatry 154 (1989): 419-20. [PMID: 2597851]
172 Draper B, Berman K "Tolerability of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: issues relevant to the elderly." Drugs Aging 25 (2008): 501-19. [PMID: 18540689]
173 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the kidney. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 293 (1986): 202-3. [PMID: 3089448]
174 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
175 Garcia M, Miller M, Moses AM "Chlorpropamide-induced water retention in patients with diabetes mellitus." Ann Intern Med 75 (1971): 549-54. [PMID: 5094069]
176 Woster P, Carrazana EJ "Oxcarbazepine and hyponatremia." Am J Health Syst Pharm 59 (2002): 467. [PMID: 11887415]
177 Bissett D Cornford EJ Sokal M "Hyponatraemia following cisplatin chemotherapy." Acta Oncol 28 (1989): 823. [PMID: 2611035]
178 Matuk F, Kalyanaraman K "Inappropriate ADH secretion." Arch Neurol 34 (1977): 725. [PMID: 911246]
179 Kato A, Sugiura T, Yamamoto T, et al "Water intoxication induced by low-dose oral cyclophosphamide in a patient with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related glomerulonephritis." NDT Plus 1 (2008): 286-8. [PMID: 18795141]
180 Flint AJ, Crosby J, Genik JL "Recurrent hyponatremia associated with fluoxetine and paroxetine." Am J Psychiatry 153 (1996): 134. [PMID: 8540575]
181 Leung M, Remick R "Sertraline-associated hyponatremia." Can J Psychiatry 40 (1995): 497-8. [PMID: 8681276]
182 Bluff DD, Oji N "SIADH in a patient receiving sertraline." Ann Intern Med 123 (1995): 811. [PMID: 7574211]
183 Otsuka F, Hayashi Y, Ogura T, et al "Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone following intra-thoracic cisplatin." Intern Med 35 (1996): 290-4. [PMID: 8739784]
184 Nagappa M, Bhat RR, Sudeep K, Mishra SK, Badhe AS, Hemavathi B "Vincrisitine-induced acute life-threatening hyponatremia resulting in seizure and coma." Indian J Crit Care Med 13 (2009): 167-8. [PMID: 20040817]
185 DeFronzo RA, Colvin OM, Braine H, Robertson GL, Davis PJ "Proceedings: cyclophosphamide and the kidney." Cancer 33 (1974): 483-91. [PMID: 4812765]
186 Lane RM "SSRIs and hyponatraemia." Br J Clin Pract 51 (1997): 144-6. [PMID: 9293054]
187 Zavagli G Ricci G Tataranni G Mapelli G Abbasciano V "Life-threatening hyponatremia caused by vinblastine." Med Oncol Tumor Pharmacother 5 (1988): 67-9. [PMID: 2452936]
188 Boyd IW "Hyponatremia with venlafaxine." Ann Pharmacother 32 (1998): 981. [PMID: 9762390]
189 Ljung R "Use of desmopressin and concomitant use of potentially interacting drugs in elderly patients in Sweden." Eur J Clin Pharmacol (2008):. [PMID: 18180913]
190 Roxanas MG "Mirtazapine-induced hyponatraemia." Med J Aust 179 (2003): 453-4. [PMID: 14558878]
191 Iyer AV, Krasnow SH, Dufour DR, Arcenas AS "Sodium-wasting nephropathy caused by cisplatin in a patient with small-cell lung cancer." Clin Lung Cancer 5 (2003): 187-9. [PMID: 14667276]
192 Product Information. Pitressin (vasopressin). Parke-Davis, Morris Plains, NJ.
193 Ritch PS "Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum II-induced syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone." Cancer 61 (1988): 448-50. [PMID: 2827877]
194 Davison P, Wardrope J "Acute amitriptyline withdrawal and hyponatraemia. A case report." Drug Saf 8 (1993): 78-80. [PMID: 8471189]
195 Stuart MJ, Cuaso C, Miller M, Oski FA "Syndrome of recurrent increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone following multiple doses of vincristine." Blood 45 (1975): 315-20. [PMID: 1054263]
196 Aasen G, Frey HM "Excessive sensitivity to the hyponatremic effect of chlorpropamide in a patient with diabetes mellitus and anterior pituitary insufficiency." Acta Med Scand 208 (1980): 233-6. [PMID: 7435266]
197 Masood GR, Karki SD, Patterson WR "Hyponatremia with venlafaxine." Ann Pharmacother 32 (1998): 49-51. [PMID: 9475820]
198 Moses AM, Howanitz J, van Gemert M, Miller M "Clofibrate-induced antidiuresis." J Clin Invest 52 (1973): 535-42. [PMID: 4685079]
199 Zawada ET "Renal consequences of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs." Postgrad Med J 71 (1982): 223-30. [PMID: 7041104]
200 Harlow PJ, DeClerck YA, Shore NA, Ortega JA, Carranza A, Heuser E "A fatal case of inappropriate ADH secretion induced by cyclophosphamide therapy." Cancer 44 (1979): 896-8. [PMID: 476599]
201 Van Amelsvoort T, Bakshi R, Devaux CB, Schwabe S "Hyponatremia associated with carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine therapy: a review." Epilepsia 35 (1994): 181-8. [PMID: 8112243]
202 Shang CY, Soong WT, Lin HN "Hypokalemia with venlafaxine." J Clin Psychiatry 63 (2002): 1049-50. [PMID: 12469691]
203 Product Information. Stimate (desmopressin). Forest Pharmaceuticals, St. Louis, MO.
204 Cinotti GA, Stirati G, Ruggiero F "Abnormal water retention and symptomatic hyponatraemia in idiopathic diabetes insipidus during chlorpropamide therapy." Postgrad Med J 48 (1972): 107-11. [PMID: 5015114]
205 Henkin Y, Kaplan Z, Alkan M "Psychiatric presentation of hyponatremia associated with the use of amitriptyline: a report of two cases." Isr J Med Sci 25 (1989): 587-9. [PMID: 2807860]
206 Colgate R "Hyponatraemia and inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone associated with the use of imipramine." Br J Psychiatry 163 (1993): 819-22. [PMID: 8306129]
207 Canadian Pharmacists Association.
208 Nisbet P "Chlorpropamide-induced hyponatraemia." Br Med J 1 (1977): 904. [PMID: 851776]
209 Adlakha A, Manocha AP, Bechard DL "Imipramine-induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion." South Med J 84 (1991): 1507-9. [PMID: 1749990]
210 Twardowschy CA, Bertolucci CB, Gracia Cde M, Brandao MA "Severe hyponatremia and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) associated with fluoxetine: case report." Arq Neuropsiquiatr 64 (2006): 142-5. [PMID: 16622573]
211 Zalin AM, Hutchinson CE, Jong M, Matthews K "Hyponatraemia during treatment with chlorpropamide and Moduretic (amiloride plus hydrochlorothiazide)." Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 289 (1984): 659. [PMID: 6434028]
212 Briguori C, Marenzi G "Contrast-induced nephropathy: Pharmacological prophylaxis." Kidney Int 69(S100) (2006): S30-S38
213 Barrett BJ, Parfrey PS "Clinical practice. Preventing nephropathy induced by contrast medium." N Engl J Med 354 (2006): 379-86
214 Venkataraman R "Can we prevent acute kidney injury?" Crit Care Med 36(4 Suppl) (2008): S166-71
215 Product Information. Xatral (alfuzosin). Sanofi-Synthelabo Canada Inc, Markham, ON.
216 Product Information. Corlopam (fenoldopam). Neurex, Menlo Park, CA.
217 Muller-Lissner SA "Adverse effects of laxatives: fact and fiction." Pharmacology 47 (1993): 138-45. [PMID: 8234421]
218 Leach MJ, Page AT. Herbal medicine for insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2015 Dec;24:1-12.
219 Atsmon J, Dolev E "Drug-induced hypomagnesaemia : scope and management." Drug Saf 28 (2005): 763-88
220 Product Information. Trental (pentoxifylline). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
221 Product Information. Jardiance (empagliflozin). Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT.
222 Product Information. Aptiom (eslicarbazepine). Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Marlborough, MA.
223 Stewart PM, Wallace AM, Valentino R, Burt D, Shackleton CH, Edwards CR "Mineralocorticoid activity of liquorice: 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency comes of age." Lancet 2 (1987): 821-4. [PMID: 2889032]
224 Cumming AM "Metabolic effects of licorice." Br Med J 1 (1977): 906
225 Epstein MT, Espiner EA, Donald RA, Hughes H "Effect of eating liquorice on the renin-angiotensin aldosterone axis in normal subjects." Br Med J 1 (1977): 488-90
226 Product Information. Selzentry (maraviroc). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
227 Product Information. Diovan (valsartan). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
228 Product Information. Suclear (polyethylene glycol 3350 with electrolytes). Braintree Laboratories, Braintree, MA.
229 Product Information. Suprep Bowel Prep Kit (magnesium/potassium/sodium sulfates). Braintree Laboratories, Braintree, MA.
230 Product Information. Adempas (riociguat). Bayer Pharmaceutical Inc, West Haven, CT.
231 Tattelman E "Health effects of garlic." Am Fam Physician 72 (2005): 103-6
232 Richard CL, Jurgens TM "Effects of natural health products on blood pressure." Ann Pharmacother 39 (2005): 712-20
233 Product Information. Fycompa (perampanel). Eisai Inc, Teaneck, NJ.
234 Warrington SJ, Ankier SI, Turner P "Evaluation of possible interactions between ethanol and trazodone or amitriptyline." Neuropsychobiology 15 (1986): 31-7. [PMID: 3725002]
235 Thomsen K, Schou M "Renal lithium excretion in man." Am J Psychol 215 (1968): 823-7