Drug General Information (ID: D1294)
  Drug Name
Pioglitazone
  Drug Type Small molecule
  Drug Synonymous
111025-46-8; Actos; Pioglitazona; Pioglitazonum; Glustin; Zactos; 105355-27-9; Pioglitazonum [INN-Latin]; Pioglitazona [INN-Spanish]; Duetact; Pioglitazone [INN:BAN]; Pioglitazone [BAN:INN]; 5-(4-(2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy)benzyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione; AD-4833; U 72107; CHEBI:8228; Pioglitazone (Actos); HSDB 7322; Actos (TN); 5-{4-[2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy]benzyl}-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione; C19H20N2O3S; AD 4833; 5-[4-[2-(5-ETHYL-2-PYRIDYL)ETHOXY]BENZYL]-2,4-THIAZOLIDINEDIONE; U 72107A; Actos; Actost; Glustin (TN); HS-0047; Pioglitazone (INN); U-72107; U72,107A; Zactos (TN); (+-)-5-((4-(2-(5-ethyl-2-pyridinyl)ethoxy)phenyl)methyl)-2,4-thiazolidinedione; (+/-)-5-[[4-[2-(5-Ethyl-2-pyridinyl)-ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione; (+/-)-5-[p-[2-(ethyl-2-pyridyl)ethoxy]benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione; 2,4-Thiazolidinedione, 5-[[4-[2-(5-ethyl-2-pyridinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-(9CI); 5-((4-(2-(5-Ethyl-2-pyridinyl)ethoxy)phenyl)methyl)-2,4-thiazolidinedione; 5-(4-(2-(5-ethyl-2-pyridyl)ethoxy)benzyl)-2,4-thiazolidinedione; 5-[4-[2-(5-Ethyl-2-pyridyl)ethoxy]benzyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione; 5-[[4-[2-(5-Ethyl-2-pyridinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione; 5-[[4-[2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione; 5-[[4-[2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione; 5-[[4-[2-[(5-ethyl-2-pyridyl)]ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione; Linagliptin + pioglitazone; PCG1
    Click to Show/Hide
  Disease Class 5A2Y: Acute diabete complication; 5B80-5B81: Obesity; 5A11: Type 2 diabetes mellitus
  Therapeutic Class Antidiabetic Agents
  Structure Could Not Find 2D Structure
3D Structure 2D Structure
  Formula C19H20N2O3S
  InChI 1S/C19H20N2O3S/c1-2-13-3-6-15(20-12-13)9-10-24-16-7-4-14(5-8-16)11-17-18(22)21-19(23)25-17/h3-8,12,17H,2,9-11H2,1H3,(H,21,22,23)
  InChIKey HYAFETHFCAUJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  Canonical SMILES CCC1=CN=C(C=C1)CCOC2=CC=C(C=C2)CC3C(=O)NC(=O)S3
  External Link
Pubchem ID 4829
CAS Number 111025-46-8
CHEBI ID 8228
TTD ID D03OFF
VARIDT ID DR00518

Drug-Drug Interaction Network
  Sunburst Graph
AM001  Affected gastrointestinal absorption
AM004  Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
AM006  Pharmacodynamic additive effects
AM007  Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
BM009  Altered absorption (Unspecific)
BM017  CYP450 enzyme inhibition
BM022  CYP450 enzyme induction
BM023  UGT induction
BM024  Competitive inhibition of metabolic enzyme
BM055  Increased risk of hepatotoxicity
BM064  Increased risk of hypoglycemia
BM086  Antagonize the effect of antidiabetic agents
BM089  Antagonize the effect of antihypertensive agents
  Relation Graph
 Full list of drugs interacting with Pioglitazone
      Affected gastrointestinal absorption
   Altered absorption (Unspecific) Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1134
 
Nifedipine
 
C17H18N2O6
 
4485 
Minor    Inter Info   
[2]
      Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
   CYP450 enzyme inhibition Drug Num:  35
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0364
 
Clopidogrel
 
C16H16ClNO2S
 
60606 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4]
D0715
 
Gemfibrozil
 
C15H22O3
 
3463 
Major    Inter Info   
[11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [2], [16], [17]
D0100
 
Aprepitant
 
C23H21F7N4O3
 
135413536 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[25], [26]
D0439
 
Delavirdine
 
C22H28N6O3S
 
5625 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2]
D0497
 
Diltiazem
 
C22H26N2O4S
 
39186 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2]
D0597
 
Erythromycin
 
C37H67NO13
 
12560 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2]
D0687
 
Fluvoxamine
 
C15H21F3N2O2
 
5324346 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[42], [43]
D0793
 
Imatinib
 
C29H31N7O
 
5291 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[44]
D0799
 
Indinavir
 
C36H47N5O4
 
5362440 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2]
D0880
 
Ketoconazole
 
C26H28Cl2N4O4
 
456201 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2]
D1063
 
Mifepristone
 
C29H35NO2
 
55245 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[50]
D1119
 
Nelfinavir
 
C32H45N3O4S
 
64143 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[52]
D0002
 
Abametapir (topical)
 
C12H12N2
 
15664 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[65]
D0007
 
Abiraterone
 
C24H31NO
 
132971 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[11], [12], [13], [14], [66], [2], [16], [17], [67]
D0349
 
Clarithromycin
 
C38H69NO13
 
84029 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2]
D0413
 
Dalfopristin
 
C34H50N4O9S
 
6323289 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[80]
D0432
 
Deferasirox
 
C21H15N3O4
 
214348 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[11], [12], [13], [14], [66], [2], [16], [17], [67]
D0543
 
Duvelisib
 
C22H17ClN6O
 
50905713 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[81]
D0693
 
Fosaprepitant
 
C23H22F7N4O6P
 
135413538 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[25], [26]
D0699
 
Fostamatinib
 
C23H26FN6O9P
 
11671467 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[83]
D0852
 
Isavuconazonium
 
C35H35F2N8O5S+
 
6918606 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[30], [88], [25], [26]
D0894
 
Lapatinib
 
C29H26ClFN4O4S
 
208908 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[11], [12], [13], [14], [66], [2], [16], [17], [67]
D0896
 
Larotrectinib
 
C21H22F2N6O2
 
46188928 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[40], [30], [89]
D0899
 
Lefamulin
 
C28H45NO5S
 
25185057 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[90], [91], [92]
D0906
 
Letermovir
 
C29H28F4N4O4
 
45138674 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[11], [12], [13], [14], [66], [2], [16], [17], [67]
D1117
 
Nefazodone
 
C25H32ClN5O2
 
4449 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2]
D1136
 
Nilotinib
 
C28H22F3N7O
 
644241 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[95]
D1409
 
Ripretinib
 
C24H21BrFN5O2
 
71584930 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[11], [12], [13], [14], [66], [2], [16], [17], [67]
D1444
 
Saquinavir
 
C38H50N6O5
 
441243 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2]
D1459
 
Selpercatinib
 
C29H31N7O3
 
134436906 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[11], [12], [13], [14], [66], [2], [16], [17], [67]
D1505
 
Stiripentol
 
C14H18O3
 
5311454 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[102]
D1687
 
Vemurafenib
 
C23H18ClF2N3O3S
 
42611257 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[11], [12], [13], [14], [66], [2], [16], [17], [67]
D1696
 
Vilazodone
 
C26H27N5O2
 
6918314 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[11], [12], [13], [14], [66], [2], [16], [17], [67]
D1645
 
Trimethoprim
 
C14H18N4O3
 
5578 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[11], [12], [13], [14], [66], [2], [16], [17], [67]
D1706
 
Voriconazole
 
C16H14F3N5O
 
71616 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[40], [30], [111]
   CYP450 enzyme induction Drug Num:  33
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0959
 
Lumateperone
 
C24H28FN3O
 
21302490 
Major    Inter Info   
[19]
D0194
 
Bosentan
 
C27H29N5O6S
 
104865 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33]
D0255
 
Carbamazepine
 
C15H12N2O
 
2554 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2]
D1143
 
Nitisinone
 
C14H10F3NO5
 
115355 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[8], [40], [30]
D1198
 
Oxcarbazepine
 
C15H12N2O2
 
34312 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[56], [57], [58]
D0181
 
Bictegravir
 
C21H18F3N3O5
 
90311989 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[30], [72], [73]
D0406
 
Dabrafenib
 
C23H20F3N5O2S2
 
44462760 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[40], [30], [79]
D0453
 
Dexamethasone
 
C22H29FO5
 
5743 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2]
D0628
 
Etravirine
 
C20H15BrN6O
 
193962 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[82]
D0901
 
Lemborexant
 
C22H20F2N4O2
 
56944144 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [2], [23]
D0958
 
Lumacaftor
 
C24H18F2N2O5
 
16678941 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[93], [30], [94]
D1265
 
Phenobarbital
 
C12H12N2O3
 
4763 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[96], [66], [2], [16], [17]
D1398
 
Ribociclib
 
C23H30N8O
 
44631912 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[40], [30], [100]
D1401
 
Rifapentine
 
C47H64N4O12
 
135403821 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[96], [66], [2], [16], [17]
D1433
 
Rufinamide
 
C10H8F2N4O
 
129228 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[30], [101]
D1340
 
Primidone
 
C12H14N2O2
 
4909 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[96], [66], [2], [16], [17]
D1392
 
Repaglinide
 
C27H36N2O4
 
65981 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2]
D1399
 
Rifabutin
 
C46H62N4O11
 
135398743 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[96], [66], [2], [16], [17]
D1400
 
Rifampicin
 
C43H58N4O12
 
135398735 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[96], [16], [17]
D1415
 
Ritonavir
 
C37H48N6O5S2
 
392622 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2]
D1612
 
Toremifene
 
C26H28ClNO
 
3005573 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2]
D1652
 
Troglitazone
 
C24H27NO5S
 
5591 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2]
D0061
 
Aminoglutethimide
 
C13H16N2O2
 
2145 
Minor    Inter Info   
[115], [116]
D0619
 
Ethinylestradiol
 
C20H24O2
 
5991 
Minor    Inter Info   
[117], [118], [119]
D0626
 
Etonogestrel
 
C22H28O2
 
6917715 
Minor    Inter Info   
[120], [117], [118], [2], [119]
D0922
 
Levonorgestrel
 
C21H28O2
 
13109 
Minor    Inter Info   
[120], [117], [118], [2], [119]
D0990
 
Medroxyprogesterone acetate
 
C24H34O4
 
6279 
Minor    Inter Info   
[117], [118], [119]
D1081
 
Modafinil
 
C15H15NO2S
 
4236 
Minor    Inter Info   
[123], [124], [125], [126], [127]
D1154
 
Norethisterone
 
C20H26O2
 
6230 
Minor    Inter Info   
[117], [118], [119]
D0106
 
Armodafinil
 
C15H15NO2S
 
9690109 
Minor    Inter Info   
[123], [124], [125], [126], [127]
D0536
 
Drospirenone
 
C24H30O3
 
68873 
Minor    Inter Info   
[120], [117], [118], [2], [119]
D1011
 
Mestranol
 
C21H26O2
 
6291 
Minor    Inter Info   
[117], [118], [119]
D1157
 
Norgestrel
 
C21H28O2
 
13109 
Minor    Inter Info   
[120], [117], [118], [2], [119]
   UGT induction Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1377
 
Raltegravir
 
C20H21FN6O5
 
54671008 
Minor    Inter Info   
[8], [40], [30], [131]
   Competitive inhibition of metabolic enzyme Drug Num:  2
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1476
 
Sirolimus
 
C51H79NO13
 
5284616 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[107], [108]
D1526
 
Tacrolimus
 
C44H69NO12
 
445643 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[107], [108]
      Pharmacodynamic additive effects
   Increased risk of hepatotoxicity Drug Num:  20
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0900
 
Leflunomide
 
C12H9F3N2O2
 
3899 
Major    Inter Info   
[8], [9], [10]
D0944
 
Lomitapide
 
C39H37F6N3O2
 
9853053 
Major    Inter Info   
[18]
D1073
 
Mipomersen
 
C230H324N67O122P19S19
 
118984467 
Major    Inter Info   
[20]
D1258
 
Pexidartinib
 
C20H15ClF3N5
 
25151352 
Major    Inter Info   
[21]
D1556
 
Teriflunomide
 
C12H9F3N2O2
 
54684141 
Major    Inter Info   
[8], [9], [10]
D0357
 
Clofarabine
 
C10H11ClFN5O3
 
119182 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[37]
D0554
 
Efavirenz
 
C14H9ClF3NO2
 
64139 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[38], [39]
D0584
 
Epirubicin
 
C27H29NO11
 
41867 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[40], [30], [41]
D0826
 
Interferon beta-1a
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[45], [46], [47], [48]
D0827
 
Interferon beta-1b
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[45], [46], [47], [48]
D1025
 
Methotrexate
 
C20H22N8O5
 
126941 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[30], [49]
D1106
 
Naltrexone
 
C20H23NO4
 
5360515 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51]
D0149
 
Bedaquiline
 
C32H31BrN2O2
 
5388906 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[71]
D0199
 
Brentuximab vedotin
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[74]
D0248
 
Cannabidiol
 
C21H30O2
 
644019 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[30], [75]
D0789
 
Idelalisib
 
C22H18FN7O
 
11625818 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[87]
D1239
 
Peginterferon beta-1a
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[45], [46], [47], [48]
D1389
 
Remdesivir
 
C27H35N6O8P
 
121304016 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[40], [30], [97], [98], [99]
D1615
 
Trabectedin
 
C39H43N3O11S
 
108150 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[30], [103]
D1589
 
Tioguanine
 
C5H5N5S
 
2723601 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[109], [110]
   Increased risk of hypoglycemia Drug Num:  34
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0165
 
Benzphetamine
 
C17H21N
 
5311017 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0178
 
Bexarotene
 
C24H28O2
 
82146 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[30], [31], [32]
D0340
 
Cinoxacin
 
C12H10N2O5
 
2762 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[34], [35], [36]
D0341
 
Ciprofloxacin
 
C17H18FN3O3
 
2764 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[34], [35], [36]
D0486
 
Diethylpropion
 
C13H19NO
 
7029 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0573
 
Enoxacin
 
C15H17FN4O3
 
3229 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[34], [35], [36]
D0641
 
Fenfluramine
 
C12H16F3N
 
3337 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0740
 
Grepafloxacin
 
C19H22FN3O3
 
72474 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[34], [35], [36]
D0943
 
Lomefloxacin
 
C17H19F2N3O3
 
3948 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[34], [35], [36]
D0981
 
Mazindol
 
C16H13ClN2O
 
4020 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1092
 
Moxifloxacin
 
C21H24FN3O4
 
152946 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[34], [35], [36]
D1102
 
Nalidixic acid
 
C12H12N2O3
 
4421 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[34], [35], [36]
D1155
 
Norfloxacin
 
C16H18FN3O3
 
4539 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[34], [35], [36]
D1187
 
Orlistat
 
C29H53NO5
 
3034010 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1862
 
Pegvisomant
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[59], [60], [61]
D1270
 
Phentermine
 
C10H15N
 
4771 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1736
 
Aloe Vera Leaf
 
C15H10O5
 
10207 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[68], [69], [70]
D1759
 
Chromic chloride
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[76], [77], [78]
D0332
 
Chromium picolinate
 
C18H12CrN3O6
 
151932 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[76], [77], [78]
D0438
 
Delafloxacin
 
C18H12ClF3N4O4
 
487101 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[34], [35], [36]
D0457
 
Dexfenfluramine
 
C12H16F3N
 
66265 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0716
 
Gemifloxacin
 
C18H20FN5O4
 
9571107 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[34], [35], [36]
D0723
 
Ginseng
 
C42H66O17
 
420552 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[84], [85], [86]
D0919
 
Levofloxacin
 
C18H20FN3O4
 
149096 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[34], [35], [36]
D0952
 
Lorcaserin
 
C11H14ClN
 
11658860 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1012
 
Metamfetamine
 
C10H15N
 
10836 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1165
 
Ofloxacin
 
C18H20FN3O4
 
4583 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[34], [35], [36]
D1262
 
Phendimetrazine
 
C12H17NO
 
30487 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1499
 
Sparfloxacin
 
C19H22F2N4O3
 
60464 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[34], [35], [36]
D1661
 
Turmeric
 
C21H20O6
 
969516 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[104], [105], [106]
D1464
 
Sibutramine
 
C17H26ClN
 
5210 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1657
 
Trovafloxacin
 
C20H15F3N4O3
 
62959 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[34], [35], [36]
D1836
 
Lipoic acid
 
C8H14O2S2
 
6112 
Minor    Inter Info   
[60], [121], [122]
D0711
 
Garlic
 
NA
 
NA
Minor    Inter Info   
[128], [129], [130]
      Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
   Antagonize the effect of antidiabetic agents Drug Num:  137
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0712
 
Gatifloxacin
 
C19H22FN3O4
 
5379 
Major    Inter Info   
[5], [6], [7]
D0012
 
Acetazolamide
 
C4H6N4O3S2
 
1986 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0080
 
Amprenavir
 
C25H35N3O6S
 
65016 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0114
 
Asparaginase Escherichia coli
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0116
 
Atazanavir
 
C38H52N6O7
 
148192 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0158
 
Bendroflumethiazide
 
C15H14F3N3O4S2
 
2315 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0166
 
Benzthiazide
 
C15H14ClN3O4S3
 
2343 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0172
 
Betamethasone
 
C22H29FO5
 
9782 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0217
 
Bumetanide
 
C17H20N2O5S
 
2471 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0321
 
Chlorothiazide
 
C7H6ClN3O4S2
 
2720 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0324
 
Chlorpromazine
 
C17H19ClN2S
 
2726 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0326
 
Chlorthalidone
 
C14H11ClN2O4S
 
2732 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0387
 
Conjugated estrogens
 
C18H21NaO5S
 
45357473 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0388
 
Conjugated estrogens (topical)
 
C18H21NaO5S
 
45357473 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0474
 
Diazoxide
 
C8H7ClN2O2S
 
3019 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0484
 
Dienestrol (topical)
 
C18H18O2
 
667476 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0487
 
Diethylstilbestrol
 
C18H20O2
 
448537 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0510
 
Dobutamine
 
C18H23NO3
 
36811 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0517
 
Dopamine
 
C8H11NO2
 
681 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0581
 
Epinephrine
 
C9H13NO3
 
5816 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0606
 
Estradiol
 
C18H24O2
 
5757 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0607
 
Estradiol (topical)
 
C18H24O2
 
5757 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0609
 
Estrone
 
C18H22O2
 
5870 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0613
 
Etacrynic acid
 
C13H12Cl2O4
 
3278 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0671
 
Fludrocortisone
 
C21H29FO5
 
31378 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0678
 
Fluphenazine
 
C22H26F3N3OS
 
3372 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0691
 
Formoterol
 
C19H24N2O4
 
3410 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0704
 
Furosemide
 
C12H11ClN2O5S
 
3440 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0737
 
Goserelin
 
C59H84N18O14
 
5311128 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0771
 
Hydrochlorothiazide
 
C7H8ClN3O4S2
 
3639 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0773
 
Hydrocortisone
 
C21H30O5
 
5754 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0775
 
Hydroflumethiazide
 
C8H8F3N3O4S2
 
3647 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0858
 
Isoniazid
 
C6H7N3O
 
3767 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0859
 
Isoprenaline
 
C11H17NO3
 
3779 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0908
 
Leuprolide
 
C59H84N16O12
 
657181 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0925
 
Levothyroxine
 
C15H11I4NO4
 
5819 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0934
 
Liothyronine
 
C15H12I3NO4
 
5920 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0993
 
Megestrol acetate
 
C24H32O4
 
11683 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1010
 
Mesoridazine
 
C21H26N2OS2
 
4078 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1013
 
Metaraminol
 
C9H13NO2
 
5906 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1018
 
Methazolamide
 
C5H8N4O3S2
 
4100 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1019
 
Methdilazine
 
C18H20N2S
 
14677 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1027
 
Methoxamine
 
C11H17NO3
 
6082 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1041
 
Methylprednisolone
 
C22H30O5
 
6741 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1048
 
Metolazone
 
C16H16ClN3O3S
 
4170 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1129
 
Niacin
 
C6H5NO2
 
938 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1153
 
Norepinephrine
 
C8H11NO3
 
439260 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1163
 
Octreotide
 
C49H66N10O10S2
 
448601 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[53], [54], [55]
D1166
 
Olanzapine
 
C17H20N4S
 
135398745 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1185
 
Orciprenaline
 
C11H17NO3
 
4086 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1234
 
Pegaspargase
 
C14H19NO
 
436058 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1246
 
Pentamidine
 
C19H24N4O2
 
4735 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[62], [63], [64]
D1257
 
Perphenazine
 
C21H26ClN3OS
 
4748 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1276
 
Phenylephrine
 
C9H13NO2
 
6041 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1281
 
Phenylpropanolamine
 
C9H13NO
 
26934 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1283
 
Phenytoin
 
C15H12N2O2
 
1775 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0037
 
Alimemazine
 
C18H22N2S
 
5574 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0044
 
Alpelisib
 
C19H22F3N5O2S
 
56649450 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0105
 
Aripiprazole
 
C23H27Cl2N3O2
 
60795 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0112
 
Asenapine
 
C17H16ClNO
 
3036780 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0113
 
Asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0202
 
Brexpiprazole
 
C25H27N3O2S
 
11978813 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0204
 
Brigatinib
 
C29H39ClN7O2P
 
68165256 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0232
 
Calaspargase pegol
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0262
 
Cariprazine
 
C21H32Cl2N4O
 
11154555 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0302
 
Ceritinib
 
C28H36ClN5O3S
 
57379345 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0389
 
Copanlisib
 
C23H28N8O4
 
135565596 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0392
 
Corticotropin
 
C207H308N56O58S
 
16132265 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0416
 
Danazol
 
C22H27NO2
 
28417 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0426
 
Darunavir
 
C27H37N3O7S
 
213039 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0436
 
Deflazacort
 
C25H31NO6
 
189821 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0479
 
Diclofenamide
 
C6H6Cl2N2O4S2
 
3038 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0571
 
Enfortumab vedotin
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0579
 
Ephedrine
 
C10H15NO
 
9294 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0605
 
Esterified estrogens
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0608
 
Estramustine
 
C23H31Cl2NO3
 
259331 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0610
 
Estrone sulfate
 
C18H22O5S
 
3001028 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0611
 
Estrone sulfate (topical)
 
C18H22O5S
 
3001028 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0692
 
Fosamprenavir
 
C25H36N3O9PS
 
131536 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0697
 
Fosphenytoin
 
C16H15N2O6P
 
56339 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0758
 
Histrelin
 
C66H86N18O12
 
25077993 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0791
 
Iloperidone
 
C24H27FN2O4
 
71360 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0797
 
Indacaterol
 
C24H28N2O3
 
6918554 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0891
 
Lanreotide
 
C54H69N11O10S2
 
71349 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[53], [54], [55]
D0935
 
Liotrix
 
C30H21I7N2Na2O8
 
71371 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D0961
 
Lurasidone
 
C28H36N4O2S
 
213046 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1002
 
Mephentermine
 
C11H17N
 
3677 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1026
 
Methotrimeprazine
 
C19H24N2OS
 
72287 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1062
 
Midostaurin
 
C35H30N4O4
 
9829523 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1132
 
Nicotinamide
 
C6H6N2O
 
936 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1174
 
Omacetaxine mepesuccinate
 
C29H39NO9
 
285033 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1215
 
Paliperidone
 
C23H27FN4O3
 
115237 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1230
 
Pasireotide
 
C58H66N10O9
 
9941444 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[53], [54], [55]
D1311
 
Polythiazide
 
C11H13ClF3N3O4S3
 
4870 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1368
 
Quetiapine
 
C21H25N3O2S
 
5002 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1370
 
Quinestrol
 
C25H32O2
 
9046 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1493
 
Somapacitan
 
C54H95N13O20S2
 
129894493 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1495
 
Somatrem
 
C43H72N14O14
 
5487805 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1531
 
Tagraxofusp
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1549
 
Temsirolimus
 
C56H87NO16
 
6918289 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1900
 
Teprotumumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1902
 
Tesamorelin
 
C221H366N72O67S
 
16137828 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1563
 
Tetracosactide
 
C136H210N40O31S
 
16133802 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1577
 
Thyroid, porcine
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1651
 
Triptorelin
 
C64H82N18O13
 
25074470 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1695
 
Vilanterol
 
C24H33Cl2NO5
 
10184665 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1707
 
Vorinostat
 
C14H20N2O3
 
5311 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1334
 
Prednisone
 
C21H26O5
 
5865 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1346
 
Prochlorperazine
 
C20H24ClN3S
 
4917 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1348
 
Progesterone
 
C21H30O2
 
5994 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1349
 
Progesterone (topical)
 
C21H30O2
 
5994 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1351
 
Promazine
 
C17H20N2S
 
4926 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1352
 
Promethazine
 
C17H20N2S
 
4927 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1355
 
Propiomazine
 
C20H24N2OS
 
4940 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1363
 
Pseudoephedrine
 
C10H15NO
 
7028 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1413
 
Risperidone
 
C23H27FN4O2
 
5073 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1414
 
Ritodrine
 
C17H21NO3
 
33572 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1438
 
Salbutamol
 
C13H21NO3
 
2083 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1440
 
Salmeterol
 
C25H37NO4
 
5152 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1494
 
Somatotropin
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1554
 
Terbutaline
 
C12H19NO3
 
5403 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1572
 
Thiethylperazine
 
C22H29N3S2
 
5440 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1574
 
Thioridazine
 
C21H26N2S2
 
5452 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1592
 
Tipranavir
 
C31H33F3N2O5S
 
54682461 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1611
 
Torasemide
 
C16H20N4O3S
 
41781 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1628
 
Triamcinolone
 
C21H27FO6
 
31307 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1630
 
Triamcinolone (ophthalmic)
 
C21H27FO6
 
31307 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1633
 
Trichlormethiazide
 
C8H8Cl3N3O4S2
 
5560 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1637
 
Trifluoperazine
 
C21H24F3N3S
 
5566 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1638
 
Triflupromazine
 
C18H19F3N2S
 
5568 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1726
 
Ziprasidone
 
C21H21ClN4OS
 
60854 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1762
 
Clobetasol (topical)
 
C22H28ClFO4
 
5311051 
Minor    Inter Info   
[112], [113], [114]
D1770
 
Desonide (topical)
 
C24H32O6
 
5311066 
Minor    Inter Info   
[112], [113], [114]
D0455
 
Dexamethasone (ophthalmic)
 
C22H29FO5
 
5743 
Minor    Inter Info   
[30], [59], [60]
D1772
 
Dexamethasone (topical)
 
C22H29FO5
 
5743 
Minor    Inter Info   
[112], [113], [114]
D0685
 
Fluticasone (topical)
 
C22H27F3O4S
 
5311101 
Minor    Inter Info   
[112], [113], [114]
D1804
 
Halcinonide (topical)
 
C24H32ClFO5
 
443943 
Minor    Inter Info   
[112], [113], [114]
   Antagonize the effect of antihypertensive agents Drug Num:  15
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1888
 
Sermorelin
 
C149H246N44O42S
 
16132413 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1908
 
Thyrotropin alfa
 
C16H22N6O4
 
32281 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [23], [24]
D1735
 
Alclometasone (topical)
 
C22H29ClO5
 
5311000 
Minor    Inter Info   
[112], [113], [114]
D1737
 
Amcinonide
 
C28H35FO7
 
443958 
Minor    Inter Info   
[112], [113], [114]
D1748
 
Betamethasone (topical)
 
C22H29FO5
 
9782 
Minor    Inter Info   
[112], [113], [114]
D1763
 
Clocortolone (topical)
 
C22H28ClFO4
 
5311052 
Minor    Inter Info   
[112], [113], [114]
D1771
 
Desoximetasone (topical)
 
C22H29FO4
 
5311067 
Minor    Inter Info   
[112], [113], [114]
D1773
 
Diflorasone (topical)
 
C22H28F2O5
 
71415 
Minor    Inter Info   
[112], [113], [114]
D1786
 
Fluocinonide (topical)
 
C26H32F2O7
 
9642 
Minor    Inter Info   
[112], [113], [114]
D1788
 
Flurandrenolide (topical)
 
C24H33FO6
 
15209 
Minor    Inter Info   
[112], [113], [114]
D1813
 
Hydrocortisone (topical)
 
C21H30O5
 
5754 
Minor    Inter Info   
[112], [113], [114]
D1844
 
Methylprednisolone (topical)
 
C22H30O5
 
6741 
Minor    Inter Info   
[112], [113], [114]
D1869
 
Prednicarbate (topical)
 
C27H36O8
 
6714002 
Minor    Inter Info   
[112], [113], [114]
D1911
 
Triamcinolone (topical)
 
C21H27FO6
 
31307 
Minor    Inter Info   
[112], [113], [114]
D1916
 
Ulobetasol (topical)
 
C22H27ClF2O4
 
5311167 
Minor    Inter Info   
[112], [113], [114]
References
1 Itkonen MK, Tornio A, Neuvonen M, Neuvonen PJ, Niemi M, Backman JT "Clopidogrel Markedly Increases the Plasma Concentrations of the CYP2C8 Substrate Pioglitazone." Drug Metab Dispos (2016):. [PMID: 27260150]
2 Product Information. Actos (pioglitazone) Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Lincolnshire, IL.
3 Product Information. Plavix (clopidogrel). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
4 Tornio A, Filppula A, Kailari O, et al. "Glucuronidation converts clopidogrel to a strong time-dependent inhibitor of CYP2C8: a phase II metabolite as perpetrator of drug-drug interactions." Clin Pharmacol Ther 96 (2014): 498-507. [PMID: 24971633]
5 Greenberg AL, Decerbo M, Fan J "Gatifloxacin therapy associated with hypoglycemia." Clin Infect Dis 40 (2005): 1210-1. [PMID: 15791528]
6 Happe MR, Mulhall BP, Maydonovitch CL, Holtzmuller KC "Gatifloxacin-induced hyperglycemia." Ann Intern Med 141 (2004): 968-9. [PMID: 15611500]
7 Park-Wyllie LY, Juurlink DN, Kopp A, et al. "Outpatient gatifloxacin therapy and dysglycemia in older adults." N Engl J Med 354 (2006): 1352-61. [PMID: 16510739]
8 Canadian Pharmacists Association.
9 EMEA "EMEA public statement on leflunomide (ARAVA) - severe and serious hepatic reactions.".
10 Product Information. Arava (leflunomide). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
11 Aquilante CL, Kosmiski LA, Bourne DW, et al. "Impact of the CYP2C8 *3 polymorphism on the drug-drug interaction between gemfibrozil and pioglitazone." Br J Clin Pharmacol 75 (2013): 217-26. [PMID: 22625877]
12 Daily EB, Aquilante CL "Cytochrome P450 2C8 pharmacogenetics: a review of clinical studies." Pharmacogenomics 10 (2009): 1489-510. [PMID: 19761371]
13 Deng LJ, Wang F, Li HD "Effect of gemfibrozil on the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 61 (2005): 831-6. [PMID: 16283275]
14 Jaakkola T, Backman JT, Neuvonen M, Neuvonen PJ "Effects of gemfibrozil, itraconazole, and their combination on the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone." Clin Pharmacol Ther 77 (2005): 404-14. [PMID: 15900286]
15 Ogilvie BW, Zhang D, Li W, et al. "Glucuronidation converts gemfibrozil to a potent, metabolism-dependent inhibitor of CYP2C8: implications for drug-drug interactions." Drug Metab Dispos 34 (2006): 191-7. [PMID: 16299161]
16 Scheen AJ "Pharmacokinetic interactions with thiazolidinediones." Clin Pharmacokinet 46 (2007): 1-12. [PMID: 17201456]
17 Totah RA, Rettie AE "Cytochrome P450 2C8: substrates, inhibitors, pharmacogenetics, and clinical relevance." Clin Pharmacol Ther 77 (2005): 341-52. [PMID: 15900280]
18 Product Information. Juxtapid (lomitapide). Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
19 Product Information. Caplyta (lumateperone). Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, NY.
20 Product Information. Kynamro (mipomersen). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
21 Product Information. Turalio (pexidartinib). Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Parsippany, NJ.
22 Jori A, Carrara MC "On the mechanism of the hyperglycaemic effect of chlorpromazine." J Pharm Pharmacol 18 (1966): 623-4. [PMID: 4381950]
23 Product Information. Dymelor (acetohexamide) Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
24 Product Information. Thorazine (chlorpromazine). SmithKline Beecham, Philadelphia, PA.
25 Product Information. Emend (aprepitant). Merck & Company Inc, West Point, PA.
26 Product Information. Emend for Injection (fosaprepitant). Merck & Company Inc, West Point, PA.
27 Product Information. Didrex (benzphetamine) Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
28 Product Information. Xenical (orlistat). Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
29 Product Information. Suprenza (phentermine). Akrimax Pharmaceuticals, Cranford, NJ.
30 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
31 EMEA. European Medicines Agency "EPARs. European Union Public Assessment Reports.".
32 Agencia Espaola de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios Healthcare "Centro de informacion online de medicamentos de la AEMPS - CIMA."
33 Product Information. Tracleer (bosentan). Acetelion Pharmaceuticals US, Inc, South San Francisco, CA.
34 Gavin JR 3rd, Kubin R, Choudhri S, et al "Moxifloxacin and glucose homeostasis: a pooled-analysis of the evidence from clinical and postmarketing studies." Drug Saf 27 (2004): 671-86. [PMID: 15230648]
35 Kelesidis T, Canseco E "Quinolone-induced hypoglycemia: a life-threatening but potentially reversible side effect." Am J Med 123 (2010): e5-6. [PMID: 20103009]
36 Yip C, Lee AJ "Gatifloxacin-induced hyperglycemia: a case report and summary of the current literature." Clin Ther 28 (2006): 1857-66. [PMID: 17213006]
37 Product Information. Clolar (clofarabine). sanofi-aventis, Bridgewater, NJ.
38 Elsharkawy AM, Schwab U, McCarron B, et al. "Efavirenz induced acute liver failure requiring liver transplantation in a slow drug metaboliser." J Clin Virol 58 (2013): 331-3. [PMID: 23763943]
39 Product Information. Sustiva (efavirenz). DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
40 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
41 Product Information. Ellence (epirubicin) Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
42 Damkier P, Hansen LL, Brosen K "Effect of fluvoxamine on the pharmacokinetics of quinidine." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 55 (1999): 451-6. [PMID: 10492058]
43 Product Information. Luvox (fluvoxamine). Solvay Pharmaceuticals Inc, Marietta, GA.
44 Product Information. Gleevec (imatinib mesylate). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
45 Product Information. Avonex (interferon beta-1a). Biogen, Cambridge, MA.
46 Product Information. Betaseron (interferon beta-1b). Berlex, Richmond, CA.
47 Product Information. Plegridy (peginterferon beta-1a). Biogen Idec Inc, Cambridge, MA.
48 Product Information. Rebif (interferon beta-1a). Serono Laboratories Inc, Norwell, MA.
49 Product Information. Methotrexate (methotrexate). Lederle Laboratories, Wayne, NJ.
50 Product Information. Korlym (mifepristone). Corcept Therapeutics Incorporated, Menlo Park, CA.
51 Product Information. ReVia (naltrexone). DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
52 Product Information. Viracept (nelfinavir). Agouron Pharma Inc, La Jolla, CA.
53 Product Information. Sandostatin (octreotide). Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ.
54 Product Information. Somatuline Depot (lanreotide). Ipsen Inc, Milford, MA.
55 Williams G, Fuessl HS, Burrin JM, Chilvers E, Bloom SR "Postprandial glycaemic effects of a long-acting somatostatin analogue (octreotide) in non-insulin diabetes mellitus." Horm Metab Res 20 (1988): 168-70. [PMID: 2898427]
56 Product Information. Trileptal (oxcarbazepine) Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
57 Rosche J, Froscher W, Abendroth D, Liebel J "Possible oxcarbazepine interaction with cyclosporine serum levels: A single case study." Clin Neuropharmacol 24 (2001): 113-6. [PMID: 11307049]
58 Zaccara G, Gangemi PF, Bendoni L, Menge GP, Schwabe S, Monza GC "Influence of single and repeated doses of oxcarbazepine on the pharmacokinetic profile of felodipine." Ther Drug Monit 15 (1993): 39-42. [PMID: 8451779]
59 Jerntorp P, Almer LO "Chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing in relation to macroangiopathy and peripheral neuropathy in non-insulin dependent diabetes." Acta Med Scand 656 (1981): 33-6. [PMID: 6953748]
60 Skillman TG, Feldman JM "The pharmacology of sulfonylureas." Am J Med 70 (1981): 361-72. [PMID: 6781341]
61 Product Information. Somavert (pegvisomant). Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
62 Product Information. Pentam 300 (pentamidine). Fujisawa, Deerfield, IL.
63 Coyle P, Carr AD, Depczynski BB, Chisholm DJ "Diabetes mellitus associated with pentamidine use in HIV-infected patients." Med J Aust 165 (1996): 587-8. [PMID: 8941253]
64 Shen M, Orwoll ES, Conte JE, Prince MJ "Pentamidine-induced pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction." Am J Med 86 (1989): 726-8. [PMID: 2658578]
65 Product Information. Xeglyze (abametapir topical). Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
66 Jaakkola T, Laitila J, Neuvonen PJ, Backman JT "Pioglitazone is metabolised by CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 in vitro: potential for interactions with CYP2C8 inhibitors." Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 99 (2006): 44-51. [PMID: 16867170]
67 Wen X, Wang JS, Backman JT, Laitila J, Neuvonen PJ "Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole are selective inhibitors of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, respectively." Drug Metab Dispos 30 (2002): 631-635. [PMID: 12019187]
68 Yeh GY, Eisenberg DM, Kaptchuk TJ, Phillips RS "Systemic review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycemic control in diabetes." Diabetes Care 26 (2003): 1277-94. [PMID: 12663610]
69 Tanaka M, Misawa E, Yousuke I, et al "Identification of five phytosterols from Aloe vera gel as anti-diabetic compounds." Biol Pharm Bull 29 (2006): 1418-22. [PMID: 16819181]
70 Vogller BK "Aloe vera: a systematic review of its clinical effectiveness." Br J Gen Pract 49 (1999): 823-8. [PMID: 10885091]
71 Product Information. Sirturo (bedaquiline). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
72 Product Information. Biktarvy (bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
73 Product Information. Viread (tenofovir). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
74 Product Information. Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
75 Product Information. Epidiolex (cannabidiol). Greenwich Biosciences Inc, Carlsbad, CA.
76 Anderson RA, cheng N, Bryden NA, et al "Elevated intakes of supplemental chromium improve glucose and insulin variables in individuals with type 2 diabetes." Diabetes 46 (1997): 1786-91. [PMID: 9356027]
77 Martin J, Wang ZQ, Zhang XH, et al. "Chromium picolinate supplementation attenuates body weight gain and increases insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes." Diabetes Care 29 (2006): 1826-32. [PMID: 16873787]
78 Fox GN, Sabovic Z "Chromium picolinate supplementation for diabetes mellitus." J Fam Pract 46 (1998): 83-6. [PMID: 9451374]
79 Product Information. Tafinlar (dabrafenib). GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
80 Product Information. Synercid (dalfopristin-quinupristin) Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA.
81 Product Information. Copiktra (duvelisib). Verastem, Inc., Needham, MA.
82 Product Information. Intelence (etravirine). Ortho Biotech Inc, Bridgewater, NJ.
83 Product Information. Tavalisse (fostamatinib). Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA.
84 Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Koo VY, et al "American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L) reduces postprandial glycemia in nondiabetic subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus." Arch Intern Med 160 (2000): 1009-13. [PMID: 10761967]
85 Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Koo VY, et.al "Efficacy and safety of Panax ginseng berry extract on glycemic control: A 12-wk randomized, double-blind, and placebo controlled trial." Arch Intern Med 160 (2000): 1009-13
86 Feldman AZ, Brown FM. Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Pregnancy. Curr Diab Rep. 2016 Aug;16(8):76.
87 Product Information. Zydelig (idelalisib). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
88 Product Information. Cresemba (isavuconazonium). Astellas Pharma US, Inc, Deerfield, IL.
89 Product Information. Vitrakvi (larotrectinib). Bayer Pharmaceutical Inc, West Haven, CT.
90 Product Information. Fycompa (perampanel). Eisai Inc, Teaneck, NJ.
91 Product Information. Xenleta (lefamulin). Nabriva Therapeutics US, Inc., King of Prussia, PA.
92 Warrington SJ, Ankier SI, Turner P "Evaluation of possible interactions between ethanol and trazodone or amitriptyline." Neuropsychobiology 15 (1986): 31-7. [PMID: 3725002]
93 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Canadian Product Information.".
94 Product Information. Orkambi (ivacaftor-lumacaftor). Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
95 Product Information. Tasigna (nilotinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
96 Jaakkola T, Backman JT, Neuvonen M, Laitila J, Neuvonen PJ "Effect of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone." Br J Clin Pharmacol 61 (2006): 70-8. [PMID: 16390353]
97 European Medicines Agency "Summary on compassionate use. Remdesivir Gilead.".
98 Gilead Sciences, Inc "About Remdesivir.".
99 US Food and Drug Administration "Fact sheet for health care providers emergency use authorization (EUA) of remdesivir (GS-5734TM)".
100 Product Information. Kisqali (ribociclib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
101 Product Information. Banzel (rufinamide). Eisai Inc, Teaneck, NJ.
102 EMEA. European Medicines Agency "EPARs. European Union Public Assessment Reports.".
103 Product Information. Yondelis (trabectedin). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
104 Neerati R, Devde R, Gangi AK "Evaluation of the effects of curcumin capsules on glyburide therapy in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus." Phytother Res 28 (2014): 1796-1800
105 Chuengsamarn S, Rattanamongkolgul s, Luechapudiporn R, Phisalaphong C, Jirawatnotai S "Curcumin extract for prevention of type 2 diabetes." Diabetes Care 35 (2012): 2121-7
106 Hodaei H, Adibian M, Nikpayam O, Hedayati M, Sohrab G "The effect of curcumin supplementation on anthropometric indices, insulin resistance and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial." Diabet Metab Syndr 11 (2019): e-collection 2019
107 Product Information. Prograf (tacrolimus). Fujisawa, Deerfield, IL.
108 Product Information. Rapamune (sirolimus) Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
109 Product Information. Aubagio (teriflunomide). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
110 Product Information. Tabloid (thioguanine). Prasco Laboratories, Cincinnati, OH.
111 Product Information. VFEND (voriconazole). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
112 Seale JP, Compton MR "Side-effects of corticosteroid agents." Med J Aust 144 (1986): 139-42. [PMID: 3511355]
113 Product Information. Psorcon (diflorasone topical). Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA.
114 Pace WE "Topical corticosteroids." Can Med Assoc J 108 (1973): 11 passim. [PMID: 4682644]
115 Kvinssland S, Lonning PE, Ueland PM "Aminoglutethimide as an inducer of microsomal enzymes. Part 1: Pharmacological aspects." Breast Cancer Res Treat 7 (1986): s73-6. [PMID: 2943339]
116 Lonning PE, Lnning PE "Aminoglutethimide enzyme induction: pharmacological and endocrinological implications." Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 26 (1990): 241-4. [PMID: 2369789]
117 Loi CM, Stern R, Koup JR, Vassos AB, Knowlton P, Sedman AJ "Effect of troglitazone on the pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive agent." J Clin Pharmacol 39 (1999): 410-7. [PMID: 10197300]
118 Nowak SN, Edwards DJ, Clarke A, Anderson GD, Jaber LA "Pioglitazone: effect on CYP3A4 activity." J Clin Pharmacol 42 (2002): 1299-302. [PMID: 12463723]
119 Product Information. Avandia (rosiglitazone) SmithKline Beecham, Philadelphia, PA.
120 Glazer NB, Cheatham WW "Thiazolidinediones for type 2 diabetes - No evidence exists that pioglitazone induces hepatic cytochrome P450 isoform CYP3A4." Br Med J 322 (2001): 235-6. [PMID: 11159615]
121 Konrad T, Bohles HJ, Vicini P, et al "alpha-Lipoic acid treatment decreases serum lactate and pyruvate concentrations and improves glucose effectiveness in lean and obese patients with type 2 diabetes." Diabetes Care 22 (1999): 280-7. [PMID: 10333946]
122 Gleiter CH, Schreeb KH, Freudenthaler S, et al "Lack of interaction between thioctic acid, glibenclamide and acarbose." Br J Clin Pharmacol 48 (1999): 819-25. [PMID: 10594485]
123 Doherty MM, Charman WN "The mucosa of the small intestine: how clinically relevant as an organ of drug metabolism?" Clin Pharmacokinet 41 (2002): 235-53. [PMID: 11978143]
124 Product Information. Nuvigil (armodafinil). Cephalon Inc, West Chester, PA.
125 Product Information. Provigil (modafinil). Cephalon, Inc, West Chester, PA.
126 Robertson P Jr, Hellriegel ET, Arora S, Nelson M "Effect of modafinil on the pharmacokinetics of ethinyl estradiol and triazolam in healthy volunteers." Clin Pharmacol Ther 71 (2002): 46-56. [PMID: 11823757]
127 Robertson P, Decory HH, Madan A, Parkinson A "In vitro inhibition and induction of human hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes by modafinil." Drug Metab Dispos 28 (2000): 664-71. [PMID: 10820139]
128 Izzo AA, Ernst E "Interactions between herbal medicines and prescribed drugs: a systematic review." Drugs 61 (2001): 2163-75. [PMID: 11772128]
129 Aslam M, Stockley IH "Interaction between curry ingredient (karela) and drug (chlorpropamide)." Lancet I (1979): 607
130 Semaan N "Integration of complementary disciplines into the oncology clinic - Part III. Herbal medicine - Drug interactions: The role of the pharmacist." Curr Prob Cancer 24 (2000): 213-22
131 Product Information. Isentress (raltegravir). Merck & Company Inc, West Point, PA.