Drug General Information (ID: D0343)
  Drug Name
Cisatracurium
  Drug Type Small molecule
  Drug Synonymous
Cisatracurium Besylate; Cisatracurium Besylate Preservative Free; Nimbex; Nimbex Preservative Free
    Click to Show/Hide
  Disease Class MB47: Tonus and reflex abnormality
  Therapeutic Class Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
  Structure Could Not Find 2D Structure
3D Structure 2D Structure
  Formula C53H72N2O12+2
  InChI 1S/C53H72N2O12/c1-54(22-18-38-32-48(62-7)50(64-9)34-40(38)42(54)28-36-14-16-44(58-3)46(30-36)60-5)24-20-52(56)66-26-12-11-13-27-67-53(57)21-25-55(2)23-19-39-33-49(63-8)51(65-10)35-41(39)43(55)29-37-15-17-45(59-4)47(31-37)61-6/h14-17,30-35,42-43H,11-13,18-29H2,1-10H3/q+2/t42-,43-,54-,55-/m1/s1
  InChIKey YXSLJKQTIDHPOT-LJCJQEJUSA-N
  Canonical SMILES C[N+]1(CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2C1CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC)OC)OC)OC)CCC(=O)OCCCCCOC(=O)CC[N+]4(CCC5=CC(=C(C=C5C4CC6=CC(=C(C=C6)OC)OC)OC)OC)C
  External Link
Pubchem ID 62887
CAS Number 96946-41-7
CHEBI ID 140621
TTD ID D08ALK

Drug-Drug Interaction Network
  Sunburst Graph
AM004  Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
AM006  Pharmacodynamic additive effects
AM007  Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
BM022  CYP450 enzyme induction
BM036  Additive cardiorespiratory depression effects
BM042  Additive hypotensive effects
BM045  Additive neuromuscular blocking effects
BM051  Increased risk of bradycardia
BM095  Antagonize the effect of neuromuscular blocking agents
  Relation Graph
 Full list of drugs interacting with Cisatracurium
      Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
   CYP450 enzyme induction Drug Num:  4
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0621
 
Ethotoin
 
C11H12N2O2
 
3292 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[72], [73]
D0697
 
Fosphenytoin
 
C16H15N2O6P
 
56339 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[72], [73]
D1003
 
Mephenytoin
 
C12H14N2O2
 
4060 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[72], [73]
D1283
 
Phenytoin
 
C15H12N2O2
 
1775 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[72], [73]
      Pharmacodynamic additive effects
   Additive cardiorespiratory depression effects Drug Num:  22
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0117
 
Atenolol
 
C14H22N2O3
 
2249 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43]
D0173
 
Betaxolol
 
C18H29NO3
 
2369 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43]
D0174
 
Betaxolol (ophthalmic)
 
C18H29NO3
 
2369 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[38], [40], [42]
D0265
 
Carteolol
 
C16H24N2O3
 
2583 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43]
D0266
 
Carteolol (ophthalmic)
 
C16H24N2O3
 
2583 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[38], [40], [42]
D0010
 
Acebutolol
 
C18H28N2O4
 
1978 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43]
D0188
 
Bisoprolol
 
C18H31NO4
 
2405 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43]
D0267
 
Carvedilol
 
C24H26N2O4
 
2585 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43]
D0884
 
Labetalol
 
C19H24N2O3
 
3869 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43]
D0914
 
Levobetaxolol (ophthalmic)
 
C18H29NO3
 
60657 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[38], [40], [42]
D0915
 
Levobunolol (ophthalmic)
 
C17H25NO3
 
39468 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[38], [40], [42]
D1045
 
Metipranolol (ophthalmic)
 
C17H27NO4
 
31477 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[38], [40], [42]
D1098
 
Nadolol
 
C17H27NO4
 
39147 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43]
D1114
 
Nebivolol
 
C22H25F2NO4
 
71301 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43]
D1244
 
Penbutolol
 
C18H29NO2
 
37464 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43]
D1293
 
Pindolol
 
C14H20N2O2
 
4828 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43]
D1357
 
Propranolol
 
C16H21NO2
 
4946 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43]
D0602
 
Esmolol
 
C16H25NO4
 
59768 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43]
D1049
 
Metoprolol
 
C15H25NO3
 
4171 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43]
D1498
 
Sotalol
 
C12H20N2O3S
 
5253 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43]
D1585
 
Timolol
 
C13H24N4O3S
 
33624 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43]
D1586
 
Timolol (ophthalmic)
 
C13H24N4O3S
 
33624 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[38], [40], [42]
   Additive neuromuscular blocking effects Drug Num:  81
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0056
 
Amikacin
 
C22H43N5O13
 
37768 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]
D0057
 
Amikacin (liposome)
 
C22H43N5O13
 
37768 
Major    Inter Info   
[4], [8], [9]
D0196
 
Botulinum toxin type A
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[18], [19], [20]
D0197
 
Botulinum Toxin Type B
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[18], [19], [20]
D0383
 
Colistimethate
 
C58H105N16O28S5-5
 
70789202 
Major    Inter Info   
[21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [9], [27], [28], [29]
D0718
 
Gentamicin
 
C21H43N5O7
 
3467 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]
D0876
 
Kanamycin
 
C18H36N4O11
 
6032 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]
D1120
 
Neomycin
 
C23H46N6O13
 
8378 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]
D1126
 
Netilmicin
 
C21H41N5O7
 
441306 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]
D1228
 
Paromomycin
 
C23H45N5O14
 
165580 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]
D1304
 
Plazomicin
 
C25H48N6O10
 
42613186 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]
D1310
 
Polymyxin B
 
C56H98N16O13
 
49800004 
Major    Inter Info   
[30], [31], [32]
D1507
 
Streptomycin
 
C21H39N7O12
 
19649 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]
D1597
 
Tobramycin
 
C18H37N5O9
 
36294 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]
D0069
 
Amlodipine
 
C20H25ClN2O5
 
2162 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [34], [35]
D0158
 
Bendroflumethiazide
 
C15H14F3N3O4S2
 
2315 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[44], [45], [46]
D0166
 
Benzthiazide
 
C15H14ClN3O4S3
 
2343 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[44], [45], [46]
D0252
 
Capreomycin
 
C50H88N28O15
 
3000502 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[21], [26], [9], [47]
D0326
 
Chlorthalidone
 
C14H11ClN2O4S
 
2732 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[44], [45], [46]
D0012
 
Acetazolamide
 
C4H6N4O3S2
 
1986 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[44], [45], [46]
D0075
 
Amphotericin B
 
C47H73NO17
 
5280965 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[54], [55], [56], [57]
D0076
 
Amphotericin B (cholesteryl sulfate)
 
C47H73NO17
 
5280965 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[54], [55], [57]
D0077
 
Amphotericin B (lipid complex)
 
C47H73NO17
 
5280965 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[54], [55], [57]
D0142
 
Bacitracin
 
C66H103N17O16S
 
10909430 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [9]
D0170
 
Bepridil
 
C24H34N2O
 
2351 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [34], [35]
D0320
 
Chloroquine
 
C18H26ClN3
 
2719 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D0321
 
Chlorothiazide
 
C7H6ClN3O4S2
 
2720 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[44], [45], [46]
D0354
 
Clindamycin
 
C18H33ClN2O5S
 
446598 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [61], [62], [63], [23], [25], [64], [65], [8], [66], [67], [68], [69]
D0355
 
Clindamycin (topical)
 
C18H33ClN2O5S
 
446598 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [8], [67]
D0441
 
Demeclocycline
 
C21H21ClN2O8
 
54680690 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D0445
 
Desflurane
 
C3H2F6O
 
42113 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[9], [70], [71]
D0479
 
Diclofenamide
 
C6H6Cl2N2O4S2
 
3038 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[44], [45], [46]
D0640
 
Felodipine
 
C18H19Cl2NO4
 
3333 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [34], [35]
D0719
 
Gentamicin (topical)
 
C21H43N5O7
 
3467 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[4], [15], [17]
D0751
 
Halothane
 
C2HBrClF3
 
3562 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[9], [70], [71]
D0771
 
Hydrochlorothiazide
 
C7H8ClN3O4S2
 
3639 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[44], [45], [46]
D0775
 
Hydroflumethiazide
 
C8H8F3N3O4S2
 
3647 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[44], [45], [46]
D0798
 
Indapamide
 
C16H16ClN3O3S
 
3702 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[44], [45], [46]
D0855
 
Isoflurane
 
C3H2ClF5O
 
3763 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[9], [70], [71]
D0879
 
Ketamine
 
C13H16ClNO
 
3821 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [25], [44]
D0911
 
Levamlodipine
 
C20H25ClN2O5
 
9822750 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [34], [35]
D0931
 
Lincomycin
 
C18H34N2O6S
 
3000540 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [61], [62], [63], [23], [25], [64], [65], [8], [66], [67], [68], [69]
D0940
 
Lithium carbonate
 
CLi2O3
 
11125 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[74], [75], [76]
D0969
 
Magnesium chloride
 
Cl2H12MgO6
 
643991 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[77], [78]
D0975
 
Magnesium sulfate
 
MgO4S
 
24083 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[77], [78]
D0978
 
Mannitol
 
C6H14O6
 
6251 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[44], [45], [46]
D1018
 
Methazolamide
 
C5H8N4O3S2
 
4100 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[44], [45], [46]
D1030
 
Methoxyflurane
 
C3H4Cl2F2O
 
4116 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[9], [70], [71]
D1046
 
Metoclopramide
 
C14H22ClN3O2
 
4168 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D1070
 
Minocycline
 
C23H27N3O7
 
54675783 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D1121
 
Neomycin (topical)
 
C23H46N6O13
 
8378 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[4], [15], [17]
D1130
 
Nicardipine
 
C26H29N3O6
 
4474 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [34], [35]
D1134
 
Nifedipine
 
C17H18N2O6
 
4485 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [34], [35]
D1149
 
Nitrous oxide
 
N2O
 
948 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[9], [70], [71]
D1209
 
Oxytetracycline
 
C22H24N2O9
 
54675779 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D1311
 
Polythiazide
 
C11H13ClF3N3O4S3
 
4870 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[44], [45], [46]
D1343
 
Procainamide
 
C13H21N3O
 
4913 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D1344
 
Procaine
 
C13H20N2O2
 
4914 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D1371
 
Quinidine
 
C20H24N2O2
 
441074 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[79], [80], [81]
D1384
 
Rapacuronium
 
C37H61N2O4+
 
5311399 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[82], [78], [83]
D1463
 
Sevoflurane
 
C4H3F7O
 
5206 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[9], [70], [71]
D1500
 
Spectinomycin
 
C14H24N2O7
 
15541 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D1554
 
Terbutaline
 
C12H19NO3
 
5403 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D1564
 
Tetracycline
 
C22H24N2O8
 
54675776 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D1633
 
Trichlormethiazide
 
C8H8Cl3N3O4S2
 
5560 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[44], [45], [46]
D1643
 
Trimethaphan
 
C22H25N2OS+
 
23576 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D1684
 
Vecuronium
 
C34H57N2O4+
 
39765 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[82], [78], [83]
D1690
 
Verapamil
 
C27H38N2O4
 
2520 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [34], [35]
D0400
 
Cyclophosphamide
 
C7H15Cl2N2O2P
 
2907 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D0402
 
Cyclosporine
 
C62H111N11O12
 
5284373 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[84], [85], [86], [87]
D0497
 
Diltiazem
 
C22H26N2O4S
 
39186 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [34], [35]
D0530
 
Doxycycline
 
C22H24N2O8
 
54671203 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D0570
 
Enflurane
 
C3H2ClF5O
 
3226 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[9], [70], [71]
D0865
 
Isradipine
 
C19H21N3O5
 
3784 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [34], [35]
D0927
 
Lidocaine
 
C14H22N2O
 
3676 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[88], [89], [38], [90], [91], [92]
D1048
 
Metolazone
 
C16H16ClN3O3S
 
4170 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[44], [45], [46]
D1138
 
Nimodipine
 
C21H26N2O7
 
4497 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [34], [35]
D1210
 
Oxytocin
 
C43H66N12O12S2
 
439302 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D1680
 
Vancomycin
 
C66H75Cl2N9O24
 
14969 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [9]
D0516
 
Donepezil
 
C24H29NO3
 
3152 
Minor    Inter Info   
[25], [93], [44]
D1418
 
Rivastigmine
 
C14H22N2O2
 
77991 
Minor    Inter Info   
[98]
   Increased risk of bradycardia Drug Num:  2
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0035
 
Alfentanil
 
C21H32N6O3
 
51263 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[48], [49], [50]
D0646
 
Fentanyl
 
C22H28N2O
 
3345 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[48], [49], [50]
      Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
   Antagonize the effect of neuromuscular blocking agents Drug Num:  8
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0064
 
Aminophylline
 
C16H24N10O4
 
9433 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53]
D0544
 
Dyphylline
 
C10H14N4O4
 
3182 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53]
D1201
 
Oxtriphylline
 
C12H21N5O3
 
656652 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53]
D1570
 
Theophylline
 
C7H8N4O2
 
2153 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53]
D0845
 
Irinotecan
 
C33H38N4O6
 
60838 
Minor    Inter Info   
[94]
D0846
 
Irinotecan (liposomal)
 
C33H38N4O6
 
60838 
Minor    Inter Info   
[94]
D1381
 
Ranitidine
 
C13H22N4O3S
 
3001055 
Minor    Inter Info   
[95], [96], [97]
D1382
 
Ranitidine (bismuth citrate)
 
C13H22N4O3S
 
3001055 
Minor    Inter Info   
[95], [96], [97]
References
1 Burkett L, Bikhazi GB, Thomas KC Jr, Rosenthal DA, Wirta MG, Foldes FF "Mutual potentiation of the neuromuscular effects of antibiotics and relaxants." Anesth Analg 58 (1979): 107-15. [PMID: 571233]
2 Chapple DJ, Clark JL, Hughes R "Interaction between atracurium and drugs used in anaesthesia." Br J Anaesth 55 Suppl (1983): s17-22. [PMID: 6688011]
3 Dupuis JY, Martin R, Tetrault JP "Atracurium and vecuronium interaction with gentamicin and tobramycin." Can J Anaesth 36 (1989): 407-11. [PMID: 2569365]
4 Geha DG, Blitt CD, Moon BJ "Prolonged neuromuscular blockade with pancuronium in the presence of acute renal failure: a case report." Anesth Analg 55 (1976): 343-5. [PMID: 945014]
5 Giala M, Sareyiannis C, Cortsaris N, Paradelis A, Lappas DG "Possible interaction of pancuronium and tubocurarine with oral neomycin." Anaesthesia 37 (1982): 776. [PMID: 7103026]
6 Giala MM, Paradelis AG "Two cases of prolonged respiratory depression due to interaction of pancuronium with colistin and streptomycin." J Antimicrob Chemother 5 (1979): 234-5. [PMID: 429254]
7 Hasfurther DL, Bailey PL "Failure of neuromuscular blockade reversal after rocuronium in a patient who received oral neomycin." Can J Anaesth 43 (1996): 617-20. [PMID: 8773869]
8 Jedeikin R, Dolgunski E, Kaplan R, Hoffman S "Prolongation of neuromuscular blocking effect of vecuronium by antibiotics." Anaesthesia 42 (1987): 858-60. [PMID: 2889390]
9 Kronenfeld MA, Thomas SJ, Turndorf H "Recurrence of neuromuscular blockade after reversal of vecuronium in a patient receiving polymyxin/amikacin sternal irrigation." Anesthesiology 65 (1986): 93-4. [PMID: 2873764]
10 Levanen J, Nordman R "Complete respiratory paralysis caused by a large dose of streptomycin and its treatment with calcium chloride." Ann Clin Res 7 (1975): 47-9. [PMID: 1155911]
11 Lippmann M, Yang E, Au E, Lee C "Neuromuscular blocking effects of tobramycin, gentamicin, and cefazolin." Anesth Analg 61 (1982): 767-70. [PMID: 7201757]
12 Pittinger CB, Eryasa Y, Adamson R "Antibiotic-induced paralysis." Anesth Analg 49 (1970): 487-501. [PMID: 4102601]
13 Product Information. Arikayce (amikacin liposome). Insmed Incorporated, Bridgewater, NJ.
14 Product Information. Humatin (paromomycin). Parke-Davis, Morris Plains, NJ.
15 Regan AG, Perumbetti PP "Pancuronium and gentamicin interaction in patients with renal failure." Anesth Analg 59 (1980): 393. [PMID: 6989291]
16 Vanacker BF, Van de Walle J "The neuromuscular blocking action of vecuronium in normal patients and in patients with no renal function and interaction vecuronium- tobramycin in renal transplant patients." Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 37 (1986): 95-9. [PMID: 2875595]
17 Warner WA, Sanders E "Neuromuscular blockade associated with gentamicin therapy." JAMA 215 (1971): 1153-4. [PMID: 4250687]
18 Product Information. Myobloc (botulinum toxin type B) Elan Pharmaceuticals, S. San Francisco, CA.
19 Product Information. Dysport (abobotulinumtoxinA). Tercica Inc, Brisbane, CA.
20 Product Information. Jeuveau (prabotulinumtoxinA). Evolus, Inc., Santa Barbara, CA.
21 Agencia Espaola de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios Healthcare "Centro de informacion online de medicamentos de la AEMPS - CIMA.".
22 Cerner Multum, Inc "ANVISA Bulario Eletrnico.".
23 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
24 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Canadian Product Information.".
25 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
26 Huang KC, Heise A, Shrader AK, Tsueda K "Vancomycin enhances the neuromuscular blockade of vecuronium." Anesth Analg 71 (1990): 194-6. [PMID: 1973882]
27 Product Information. Coly-Mycin M Parenteral (colistimethate). Parke-Davis, Morris Plains, NJ.
28 Product Information. Rocuronium Bromide (rocuronium). Hospira Inc, Lake Forest, IL.
29 Product Information. Vecuronium Bromide (vecuronium). Hospira Inc, Lake Forest, IL.
30 Fogdall RP, Miller RD "Prolongation of a pancuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade by polymyxin B." Anesthesiology 40 (1974): 84-7. [PMID: 4359101]
31 Levine RA, Beiber MP, Forte FA, et al "Polymyxin B-induced respiratory paralysis reversed by intravenous calcium chloride." J Mt Sinai Hosp N Y 36 (1969): 380-7. [PMID: 4310774]
32 Product Information. Raplon (rapacuronium) Organon, West Orange, NJ.
33 Carlos R, Erill S "Therapeutic Rounds." Clin Ther 9 (1986): 22-3
34 Saitoh Y, Makita K, Tanaka H "Diltiazem and vecuronium: neuromuscular and cardiovascular effects." Can J Anaesth 44 (1997): 99
35 Sekerci S, Tulunay M "Interactions of calcium channel blockers with non-depolarising muscle relaxants in vitro." Anaesthesia 51 (1996): 140-4
36 Chapple DJ, Clark JS, Hughes R "Interaction between atracurium and drugs used in anaesthesia." Br J Anaesth 55 Suppl 1 (1983): s17-22. [PMID: 6688011]
37 Glynne GL "Drug interaction?" Anaesthesia 39 (1984): 293. [PMID: 6546648]
38 Harrah MD, Way WL, Katzung BG "The interaction of d-tubocurarine with antiarrhythmic drugs." Anesthesiology 33 (1970): 406-10. [PMID: 5512329]
39 Herishanu Y, Rosenberg P "Beta-blockers and myasthenia gravis." Ann Intern Med 83 (1975): 834-5. [PMID: 939]
40 Loan PB, Connolly FM, Mirakhur RK, Kumar N, Farling P "Neuromuscular effects of rocuronium in patients receiving beta-adrenoreceptor blocking, calcium entry blocking and anticonvulsant drugs." Br J Anaesth 78 (1997): 90-1. [PMID: 9059213]
41 Murthy VS, Patel KD, Elangovan RG, Hwang TF, Solochek SM, Steck JD, Laddu AR "Cardiovascular and neuromuscular effects of esmolol during induction of anesthesia." J Clin Pharmacol 26 (1986): 351-7. [PMID: 2871054]
42 Rozen MS, Whan FM "Prolonged curarization associated with propranolol." Med J Aust 1 (1972): 467-8. [PMID: 5024418]
43 Yate B, Mostafa SM "Drug interaction?" Anaesthesia 39 (1984): 728-9.
44 Agencia Espaola de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios Healthcare "Centro de informacion online de medicamentos de la AEMPS - CIMA."
45 Miller RD, Roderick LL "Diuretic-induced hypokalemia, pancuronium neuromuscular blockade and its antagonism by neostigmine." Br J Anaesth 50 (1978): 541-4
46 Product Information. HydroDIURIL (hydrochlorothiazide). Merck &amp Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
47 Product Information. Capastat Sulfate (capreomycin). Dura Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA.
48 Product Information. Alfenta (alfentanil). Janssen Pharmaceutica, Titusville, NJ.
49 Reid C, Crosby E, Reid D "Sinus arrest following administration of alfentanil." Can J Anaesth 38 (1991): 540-1. [PMID: 2065427]
50 Taylor B, MacEwen P "Asystole after alfentanil-succinylcholine." Can J Anaesth 36 (1989): 255-6. [PMID: 2565170]
51 Azar I, Kumar D, Betcher AM "Resistance to pancuronium in an asthmatic patient treated with aminophylline and steroids." Can Anaesth Soc J 29 (1982): 280-2
52 Daller JA, Erstad B, Rosado L, Otto C, Putnam CW "Aminophylline antagonizes the neuromuscular blockade of pancuronium but not vecuronium." Crit Care Med 19 (1991): 983-5
53 Doll DC, Rosenberg H "Antagonism of neuromuscular blockage by theophylline." Anesth Analg 58 (1979): 139-40
54 Cushard WG, Kohanim M, Lantis LR "Blastomycosis of bone." J Bone Joint Surg Am 51A (1969): 704-12. [PMID: 5819086]
55 Miller R, Bates J "Amphotericin B toxicity." Ann Intern Med 71 (1969): 1089-95. [PMID: 5361408]
56 Product Information. Abelcet (amphotericin B). Liposome Company Inc, The, Princeton, NJ.
57 Product Information. Amphotec (amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate). Sequus Pharmaceuticals Inc, Menlo Park, CA.
58 Multum Information Services, Inc. Expert Review Panel.
59 Product Information. Anectine (succinylcholine). Glaxo Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC.
60 Alahdal O, Bevan DR "Clindamycin-induced neuromuscular blockade." Can J Anaesth 42 (1995): 614-7. [PMID: 7553999]
61 Avery D, Finn R "Succinylcholine-prolonged apnea associated with clindamycin and abnormal liver function tests." Dis Nerv Syst 38 (1977): 473-5. [PMID: 862507]
62 Boolj LH, Miller RD, Crul JF "Neostigmine and 4-aminopyridine antagonism of lincomycin-pancuronium neuromuscular blockade in man." Anesth Analg 57 (1978): 316-21. [PMID: 566050]
63 Canadian Pharmacists Association.
64 de Gouw NE, Crul JF, Vandermeersch E, Mulier JP, van Egmond J, Van Aken H "Interaction of antibiotics on pipecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade." J Clin Anesth 5 (1993): 212-5. [PMID: 8391282]
65 Fogdall RP, Miller RD "Antagonism of d-tubocurarine- and pancuronium-induced neuromuscular blockades by pyridostigmine in man." Anesthesiology 39 (1973): 504-9. [PMID: 4355635]
66 Product Information. Cleocin (clindamycin). Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
67 Product Information. Clindesse (clindamycin topical). Ther-Rx Corporation, Bridgeton, MO.
68 Product Information. Lincocin (lincomycin). Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
69 Rubbo JT, Gergis SD, Sokoll MD "Comparative neuromuscular effects of lincomycin and clindamycin." Anesth Analg 56 (1977): 329-32. [PMID: 194504]
70 Mirakhur RK, Ferres CJ, Clarke RS, Bali IM, Dundee JW. Clinical evaluation of Org NC 45. Br J Anaesth. 1983 Feb;55(2):119-24.
71 Withington DE, Donati F, Bevan DR, Varin F "Potentiation of atracurium neuromuscular blockade by enflurane: time-course of effect." Anesth Analg 72 (1991): 469-73
72 Liberman BA, Norman P, Hardy BG "Pancuronium-phenytoin interaction: a case of decreased duration of neuromuscular blockade." Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 26 (1988): 371-4. [PMID: 3220609]
73 Plotkin CN, Ornstein E "Resistance to pancuronium: adult respiratory distress syndrome or phenytoin." Anesth Analg 65 (1986): 819-27. [PMID: 3717623]
74 Hill GE, Wong KC, Hodges MR "Potentiation of succinylcholine neuromuscular blockade by lithium carbonate." Anesthesiology 44 (1976): 439-42. [PMID: 1267214]
75 Martin BA, Kramer PM "Clinical significance of the interaction between lithium and a neuromuscular blocker." Am J Psychiatry 139 (1982): 1326-8. [PMID: 6812439]
76 Product Information. Eskalith (lithium). SmithKline Beecham, Philadelphia, PA.
77 Fuchs-Buder T, Wilder-Smith OH, Borgeat A, Tassonyi E "Interaction of magnesium sulphate with vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block." Br J Anaesth 74 (1995): 405-9. [PMID: 7734259]
78 Product Information. Norcuron (vecuronium). Organon, West Orange, NJ.
79 Min DI, Ku YM, Geraets DR, Lee HC "Effect of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of quinidine in healthy volunteers." J Clin Pharmacol 36 (1996): 469-76. [PMID: 8739026]
80 Way WL, Katzung BG, Larson CP "Recurarization with quinidine." JAMA 200 (1967): 163-4
81 Sher MH, Mathews PA "Recurarization with quinine administration after reversal from anaesthesia." Anaesth Intensive Care 11 (1983): 241-3
82 Pandit SK, Ferres CJ, Gibson FM, Mirakhur RK "Time course of action of combinations of vecuronium and pancuronium." Anaesthesia 41 (1986): 151-4. [PMID: 2869710]
83 Rashkovsky OM, Agoston S, Ket JM "Interaction between pancuronium bromide and vecuronium bromide." Br J Anaesth 57 (1985): 1063-6. [PMID: 2864945]
84 Crosby E, Robblee JA "Cyclosporine-pancuronium interaction in a patient with a renal allograft." Can J Anaesth 35 (1988): 300-2. [PMID: 3289771]
85 Takita K, Goda Y, Kemmotsu O, et al. Does cyclosporine affect the duration of action of vecuronium in renal transplant recipients?.?J Anesth. 1995;9(3):239-242. [PMID: 28921224]
86 Sidi A, Kaplan RF, Davis RF "Prolonged neuromuscular blockade and ventilatory failure after renal transplantation and cyclosporine." Can J Anaesth 37 (1990): 543-8. [PMID: 1973635]
87 Wood GG "Cyclosporin-vercuronium interaction." Can J Anaesth 36 (1989): 358-66. [PMID: 2566392]
88 Bruckner J, Thomas KC, Bikhazi GB, Foldes FF "Neuromuscular drug interactions of clinical importance." Anesth Analg 59 (1980): 678-82. [PMID: 7191227]
89 Fukuda S, Wakuta K, Ishikawa T, Oshita S, Sakabe T, Takeshita H "Lidocaine modifies the effect of succinylcholine on muscle oxygen consumption in dogs." Anesth Analg 66 (1987): 325-8. [PMID: 3565794]
90 Matsuo S, Rao DBS, Chaudry I, Foldes FF "Interaction of muscle relaxants and local anesthetics at the neuromuscular junction." Anesth Analg 57 (1978): 580-7. [PMID: 568429]
91 Miller RD, Way WL "Inhibition of succinylcholine-induced increased intragastric pressure by nondepolarizing muscle relaxants and lidocaine." Anesthesiology 34 (1971): 185-8. [PMID: 4250986]
92 Pouttu J, Tuominen MK, Rosenberg PH "Cardiovascular responses caused by the combination of lidocaine and vecuronium in the induction of general anaesthesia." Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 32 (1988): 549-52. [PMID: 2903604]
93 Product Information. Aricept (donepezil). Pfizer US Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
94 Product Information. Camptosar (irinotecan). Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
95 Katende RS, Dimich I "Resistance to nondepolarizing muscle relaxants in a patient treated with ranitidine." Mt Sinai J Med 54 (1987): 330-1. [PMID: 2955219]
96 McCarthy G, Mirakhur RK, Elliott P, Wright J "Effect of H2-receptor antagonist pretreatment on vecuronium- and atracurium-induced neuromuscular block." Br J Anaesth 66 (1991): 713-5. [PMID: 1676594]
97 Woodworth GE, Sears DH, Grove TM, et al "The effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on the duration of action of succinylcholine." Anesth Analg 68 (1989): 295-7. [PMID: 2919769]
98 Product Information. Exelon (rivastigmine) Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.