Drug General Information (ID: D1607)
  Drug Name
Tolterodine
  Drug Type Small molecule
  Drug Synonymous
Tolterodina; Tolterodinum; Detrol (TN); Detrusitol (TN); Kabi-2234; 2-[(1R)-3-(diisopropylamino)-1-phenylpropyl]-4-methylphenol; 2-[(1R)-3-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]-1-phenylpropyl]-4-methylphenol; 2-[3-[Bis(1-methylethyl)amino]-1-phenylpropyl]-4-methylphenol; 2-{(1R)-3-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]-1-phenylpropyl}-4-methylphenol
    Click to Show/Hide
  Disease Class GC50: Functional bladder disorder
  Therapeutic Class Antispasmodics
  Structure Could Not Find 2D Structure
3D Structure 2D Structure
  Formula C22H31NO
  InChI 1S/C22H31NO/c1-16(2)23(17(3)4)14-13-20(19-9-7-6-8-10-19)21-15-18(5)11-12-22(21)24/h6-12,15-17,20,24H,13-14H2,1-5H3/t20-/m1/s1
  InChIKey OOGJQPCLVADCPB-HXUWFJFHSA-N
  Canonical SMILES CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)C(CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C2
  External Link
Pubchem ID 443879
CAS Number 124937-51-5
CHEBI ID 9622
TTD ID D0BZ7W

Drug-Drug Interaction Network
  Sunburst Graph
AM001  Affected gastrointestinal absorption
AM004  Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
AM006  Pharmacodynamic additive effects
AM007  Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
BM001  Altered gastrointestinal dynamics
BM007  Affecting drug dissolution
BM017  CYP450 enzyme inhibition
BM022  CYP450 enzyme induction
BM024  Competitive inhibition of metabolic enzyme
BM033  Additive anticholinergic effects
BM035  Additive antimotility effects
BM038  Additive CNS depression effects
BM054  Increased risk of GI mucosal injury/bleeding risk
BM061  Increased risk of hyperpyrexia
BM078  Increased risk of rapid heart rate
BM091  Antagonize the effect of cholinergic agents
BM101  Antagonize the effects of beta receptor blockers
BM109  Increased risk of other adverse reactions (Unspecific)
  Relation Graph
 Full list of drugs interacting with Tolterodine
      Affected gastrointestinal absorption
   Altered gastrointestinal dynamics Drug Num:  19
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0010
 
Acebutolol
 
C18H28N2O4
 
1978 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D0267
 
Carvedilol
 
C24H26N2O4
 
2585 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D0918
 
Levodopa
 
C9H11NO4
 
6047 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[112], [113], [114], [115], [116], [117]
D1098
 
Nadolol
 
C17H27NO4
 
39147 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D1114
 
Nebivolol
 
C22H25F2NO4
 
71301 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D1244
 
Penbutolol
 
C18H29NO2
 
37464 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D0011
 
Acetaminophen
 
C8H9NO2
 
1983 
Minor    Inter Info   
[55], [131], [132]
D0158
 
Bendroflumethiazide
 
C15H14F3N3O4S2
 
2315 
Minor    Inter Info   
[133], [134]
D0166
 
Benzthiazide
 
C15H14ClN3O4S3
 
2343 
Minor    Inter Info   
[133], [134]
D0321
 
Chlorothiazide
 
C7H6ClN3O4S2
 
2720 
Minor    Inter Info   
[133], [134]
D0326
 
Chlorthalidone
 
C14H11ClN2O4S
 
2732 
Minor    Inter Info   
[133], [134]
D0491
 
Digoxin
 
C41H64O14
 
2724385 
Minor    Inter Info   
[137], [138], [139], [140], [141]
D0771
 
Hydrochlorothiazide
 
C7H8ClN3O4S2
 
3639 
Minor    Inter Info   
[133], [134]
D0775
 
Hydroflumethiazide
 
C8H8F3N3O4S2
 
3647 
Minor    Inter Info   
[133], [134]
D0798
 
Indapamide
 
C16H16ClN3O3S
 
3702 
Minor    Inter Info   
[133], [134]
D1048
 
Metolazone
 
C16H16ClN3O3S
 
4170 
Minor    Inter Info   
[133], [134]
D1145
 
Nitrofurantoin
 
C8H6N4O5
 
6604200 
Minor    Inter Info   
[149], [150]
D1311
 
Polythiazide
 
C11H13ClF3N3O4S3
 
4870 
Minor    Inter Info   
[133], [134]
D1633
 
Trichlormethiazide
 
C8H8Cl3N3O4S2
 
5560 
Minor    Inter Info   
[133], [134]
   Affecting drug dissolution Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1146
 
Nitroglycerin
 
C3H5N3O9
 
4510 
Minor    Inter Info   
[151]
      Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
   CYP450 enzyme inhibition Drug Num:  103
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0080
 
Amprenavir
 
C25H35N3O6S
 
65016 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0313
 
Chloramphenicol
 
C11H12Cl2N2O5
 
5959 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0337
 
Cimetidine
 
C10H16N6S
 
2756 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0341
 
Ciprofloxacin
 
C17H18FN3O3
 
2764 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0367
 
Clotrimazole
 
C22H17ClN2
 
2812 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0386
 
Conivaptan
 
C32H26N4O2
 
151171 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0402
 
Cyclosporine
 
C62H111N11O12
 
5284373 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0439
 
Delavirdine
 
C22H28N6O3S
 
5625 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0497
 
Diltiazem
 
C22H26N2O4S
 
39186 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0597
 
Erythromycin
 
C37H67NO13
 
12560 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0667
 
Fluconazole
 
C13H12F2N6O
 
3365 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0687
 
Fluvoxamine
 
C15H21F3N2O2
 
5324346 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0793
 
Imatinib
 
C29H31N7O
 
5291 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0799
 
Indinavir
 
C36H47N5O4
 
5362440 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0858
 
Isoniazid
 
C6H7N3O
 
3767 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0880
 
Ketoconazole
 
C26H28Cl2N4O4
 
456201 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D1063
 
Mifepristone
 
C29H35NO2
 
55245 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[53], [33], [86], [87]
D1119
 
Nelfinavir
 
C32H45N3O4S
 
64143 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D1415
 
Ritonavir
 
C37H48N6O5S2
 
392622 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0002
 
Abametapir (topical)
 
C12H12N2
 
15664 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[96]
D0066
 
Amiodarone
 
C25H29I2NO3
 
2157 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0116
 
Atazanavir
 
C38H52N6O7
 
148192 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0171
 
Berotralstat
 
C30H26F4N6O
 
137528262 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[99]
D0180
 
Bicalutamide
 
C18H14F4N2O4S
 
2375 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0192
 
Boceprevir
 
C27H45N5O5
 
10324367 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0302
 
Ceritinib
 
C28H36ClN5O3S
 
57379345 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0349
 
Clarithromycin
 
C38H69NO13
 
84029 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0375
 
Cobicistat
 
C40H53N7O5S2
 
25151504 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0393
 
Crizotinib
 
C21H22Cl2FN5O
 
11626560 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0413
 
Dalfopristin
 
C34H50N4O9S
 
6323289 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0416
 
Danazol
 
C22H27NO2
 
28417 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0426
 
Darunavir
 
C27H37N3O7S
 
213039 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0432
 
Deferasirox
 
C21H15N3O4
 
214348 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[103], [104]
D0534
 
Dronedarone
 
C31H44N2O5S
 
208898 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0543
 
Duvelisib
 
C22H17ClN6O
 
50905713 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0577
 
Entrectinib
 
C31H34F2N6O2
 
25141092 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0692
 
Fosamprenavir
 
C25H36N3O9PS
 
131536 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0693
 
Fosaprepitant
 
C23H22F7N4O6P
 
135413538 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0696
 
Fosnetupitant
 
C31H35F6N4O5P
 
71544786 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0699
 
Fostamatinib
 
C23H26FN6O9P
 
11671467 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[110]
D0789
 
Idelalisib
 
C22H18FN7O
 
11625818 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0852
 
Isavuconazonium
 
C35H35F2N8O5S+
 
6918606 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0867
 
Itraconazole
 
C35H38Cl2N8O4
 
55283 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0869
 
Ivacaftor
 
C24H28N2O3
 
16220172 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0894
 
Lapatinib
 
C29H26ClFN4O4S
 
208908 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0896
 
Larotrectinib
 
C21H22F2N6O2
 
46188928 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0899
 
Lefamulin
 
C28H45NO5S
 
25185057 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[111]
D0906
 
Letermovir
 
C29H28F4N4O4
 
45138674 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0946
 
Lonafarnib
 
C27H31Br2ClN4O2
 
148195 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D1057
 
Miconazole
 
C18H14Cl4N2O
 
4189 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D1117
 
Nefazodone
 
C25H32ClN5O2
 
4449 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D1127
 
Netupitant
 
C30H32F6N4O
 
6451149 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D1134
 
Nifedipine
 
C17H18N2O6
 
4485 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D1136
 
Nilotinib
 
C28H22F3N7O
 
644241 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[122]
D1189
 
Osilodrostat
 
C13H10FN3
 
44139752 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D1315
 
Posaconazole
 
C37H42F2N8O4
 
468595 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D1398
 
Ribociclib
 
C23H30N8O
 
44631912 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D1432
 
Rucaparib
 
C19H18FN3O
 
9931954 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D1444
 
Saquinavir
 
C38H50N6O5
 
441243 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D1459
 
Selpercatinib
 
C29H31N7O3
 
134436906 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D1505
 
Stiripentol
 
C14H18O3
 
5311454 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D1541
 
Telaprevir
 
C36H53N7O6
 
3010818 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D1653
 
Troleandomycin
 
C41H67NO15
 
202225 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D1660
 
Tucatinib
 
C26H24N8O2
 
51039094 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D1709
 
Voxelotor
 
C19H19N3O3
 
71602803 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D1690
 
Verapamil
 
C27H38N2O4
 
2520 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D1706
 
Voriconazole
 
C16H14F3N5O
 
71616 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D1714
 
Zafirlukast
 
C31H33N3O6S
 
5717 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52]
D0298
 
Celecoxib
 
C17H14F3N3O2S
 
2662 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D0320
 
Chloroquine
 
C18H26ClN3
 
2719 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D0338
 
Cinacalcet
 
C22H22F3N
 
156419 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D0345
 
Citalopram
 
C20H21FN2O
 
2771 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D0356
 
Clobazam
 
C16H13ClN2O2
 
2789 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D0539
 
Duloxetine
 
C18H19NOS
 
60835 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D0641
 
Fenfluramine
 
C12H16F3N
 
3337 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D0676
 
Fluoxetine
 
C17H18F3NO
 
3386 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D0713
 
Gefitinib
 
C22H24ClFN4O3
 
123631 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D1229
 
Paroxetine
 
C19H20FNO3
 
43815 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D1371
 
Quinidine
 
C20H24N2O2
 
441074 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D1372
 
Quinine
 
C20H24N2O2
 
3034034 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D1383
 
Ranolazine
 
C24H33N3O4
 
56959 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D1553
 
Terbinafine
 
C21H25N
 
1549008 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D1581
 
Ticlopidine
 
C14H14ClNS
 
5472 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D0007
 
Abiraterone
 
C24H31NO
 
132971 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D0220
 
Bupropion
 
C13H18ClNO
 
444 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D0409
 
Dacomitinib
 
C24H25ClFN5O2
 
11511120 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D0457
 
Dexfenfluramine
 
C12H16F3N
 
66265 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D0559
 
Eliglustat
 
C23H36N2O4
 
23652731 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D0599
 
Escitalopram
 
C20H21FN2O
 
146570 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D0724
 
Givosiran
 
C78H139N11O30
 
119058042 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D0732
 
Glycerol phenylbutyrate
 
C33H38O6
 
10482134 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D0735
 
Goldenseal
 
NA
 
NA
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D0749
 
Halofantrine
 
C26H30Cl2F3NO
 
37393 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D0779
 
Hydroxychloroquine
 
C18H26ClN3O
 
3652 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D0952
 
Lorcaserin
 
C11H14ClN
 
11658860 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D0960
 
Lumefantrine
 
C30H32Cl3NO
 
6437380 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52]
D1194
 
Oxamniquine
 
C14H21N3O3
 
4612 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D1221
 
Panobinostat
 
C21H23N3O2
 
6918837 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D1339
 
Primaquine
 
C15H21N3O
 
4908 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D1353
 
Propafenone
 
C21H27NO3
 
4932 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D1423
 
Rolapitant
 
C25H26F6N2O2
 
10311306 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D1461
 
Sertraline
 
C17H17Cl2N
 
68617 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
D1687
 
Vemurafenib
 
C23H18ClF2N3O3S
 
42611257 
Minor    Inter Info   
[135], [52], [136]
   CYP450 enzyme induction Drug Num:  20
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0554
 
Efavirenz
 
C14H9ClF3NO2
 
64139 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[75]
D1128
 
Nevirapine
 
C15H14N4O
 
4463 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[53], [33], [88], [89]
D1198
 
Oxcarbazepine
 
C15H12N2O2
 
34312 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[90], [91], [92]
D1494
 
Somatotropin
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[53], [33], [95]
D0095
 
Apalutamide
 
C21H15F4N5O2S
 
24872560 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [97]
D0204
 
Brigatinib
 
C29H39ClN7O2P
 
68165256 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[100]
D0300
 
Cenobamate
 
C10H10ClN5O2
 
11962412 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[101]
D0406
 
Dabrafenib
 
C23H20F3N5O2S2
 
44462760 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [102]
D0545
 
Echinacea
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[53], [105]
D0578
 
Enzalutamide
 
C21H16F4N4O2S
 
15951529 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[107], [53], [33], [108]
D0628
 
Etravirine
 
C20H15BrN6O
 
193962 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[109]
D0953
 
Lorlatinib
 
C21H19FN6O2
 
71731823 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[118]
D1302
 
Pitolisant
 
C17H26ClNO
 
9948102 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [123]
D1401
 
Rifapentine
 
C47H64N4O12
 
135403821 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[126], [127]
D1433
 
Rufinamide
 
C10H8F2N4O
 
129228 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [128]
D1493
 
Somapacitan
 
C54H95N13O20S2
 
129894493 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[53], [33], [95]
D1495
 
Somatrem
 
C43H72N14O14
 
5487805 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[53], [33], [129], [95]
D1546
 
Telotristat ethyl
 
C27H26ClF3N6O3
 
25181577 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [130]
D1081
 
Modafinil
 
C15H15NO2S
 
4236 
Minor    Inter Info   
[144], [145], [146], [147], [148]
D0106
 
Armodafinil
 
C15H15NO2S
 
9690109 
Minor    Inter Info   
[144], [145], [146], [147], [148]
   Competitive inhibition of metabolic enzyme Drug Num:  3
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1476
 
Sirolimus
 
C51H79NO13
 
5284616 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[93], [94]
D1526
 
Tacrolimus
 
C44H69NO12
 
445643 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[93], [94]
D1549
 
Temsirolimus
 
C56H87NO16
 
6918289 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[93], [94]
      Pharmacodynamic additive effects
   Additive anticholinergic effects Drug Num:  96
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0051
 
Amantadine
 
C10H17N
 
2130 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[34], [35]
D0068
 
Amitriptyline
 
C20H23N
 
2160 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0072
 
Amoxapine
 
C17H16ClN3O
 
2170 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0123
 
Atropine
 
C17H23NO3
 
174174 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0135
 
Azatadine
 
C20H22N2
 
19861 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0160
 
Benzatropine
 
C21H25NO
 
1201549 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[41], [43], [49]
D0183
 
Biperiden
 
C21H29NO
 
2381 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0196
 
Botulinum toxin type A
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [61], [62]
D0197
 
Botulinum Toxin Type B
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [61], [62]
D0214
 
Brompheniramine
 
C16H19BrN2
 
6834 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0259
 
Carbinoxamine
 
C16H19ClN2O
 
2564 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0324
 
Chlorpromazine
 
C17H19ClN2S
 
2726 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0351
 
Clemastine
 
C21H26ClNO
 
26987 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0353
 
Clidinium
 
C22H26NO3+
 
2784 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0370
 
Clozapine
 
C18H19ClN4
 
135398737 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0398
 
Cyclobenzaprine
 
C20H21N
 
2895 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0403
 
Cyproheptadine
 
C21H21N
 
2913 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0424
 
Darifenacin
 
C28H30N2O2
 
444031 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0456
 
Dexbrompheniramine
 
C16H19BrN2
 
16960 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0482
 
Dicyclomine
 
C19H35NO2
 
3042 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0498
 
Dimenhydrinate
 
C24H28ClN5O3
 
10660 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0508
 
Disopyramide
 
C21H29N3O
 
3114 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0532
 
Doxylamine
 
C17H22N2O
 
3162 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0678
 
Fluphenazine
 
C22H26F3N3OS
 
3372 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0733
 
Glycopyrronium
 
C19H28NO3+
 
3494 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[41], [43], [49]
D0734
 
Glycopyrronium (topical)
 
C19H28NO3+
 
3494 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[77], [78], [79]
D0750
 
Haloperidol
 
C21H23ClFNO2
 
3559 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0781
 
Hydroxyzine
 
C21H27ClN2O2
 
3658 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0782
 
Hyoscyamine
 
C17H23NO3
 
154417 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0795
 
Imipramine
 
C19H24N2
 
3696 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0842
 
Ipratropium
 
C20H30NO3+
 
657309 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[80], [77], [81], [78], [79], [82], [83], [84]
D0957
 
Loxapine
 
C18H18ClN3O
 
3964 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0979
 
Maprotiline
 
C20H23N
 
4011 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1010
 
Mesoridazine
 
C21H26N2OS2
 
4078 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1019
 
Methdilazine
 
C18H20N2S
 
14677 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1158
 
Nortriptyline
 
C19H21N
 
4543 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1166
 
Olanzapine
 
C17H20N4S
 
135398745 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1257
 
Perphenazine
 
C21H26ClN3OS
 
4748 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1346
 
Prochlorperazine
 
C20H24ClN3S
 
4917 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1351
 
Promazine
 
C17H20N2S
 
4926 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1354
 
Propantheline
 
C23H30NO3+
 
4934 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1355
 
Propiomazine
 
C20H24N2OS
 
4940 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1361
 
Protriptyline
 
C19H21N
 
4976 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1413
 
Risperidone
 
C23H27FN4O2
 
5073 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1450
 
Scopolamine
 
C17H21NO4
 
3000322 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1572
 
Thiethylperazine
 
C22H29N3S2
 
5440 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1574
 
Thioridazine
 
C21H26N2S2
 
5452 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0019
 
Aclidinium
 
C26H30NO4S2+
 
11434515 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[80], [77], [81], [78], [79], [82], [83], [84]
D0020
 
Acrivastine
 
C22H24N2O2
 
5284514 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0037
 
Alimemazine
 
C18H22N2S
 
5574 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[41], [43], [49]
D0105
 
Aripiprazole
 
C23H27Cl2N3O2
 
60795 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0112
 
Asenapine
 
C17H16ClNO
 
3036780 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0154
 
Belladonna
 
C34H42N2O4
 
265028 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0202
 
Brexpiprazole
 
C25H27N3O2S
 
11978813 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0262
 
Cariprazine
 
C21H32Cl2N4O
 
11154555 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0316
 
Chlorcyclizine
 
C18H21ClN2
 
2710 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0323
 
Chlorpheniramine
 
C16H19ClN2
 
2725 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0361
 
Clomipramine
 
C19H23ClN2
 
2801 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0397
 
Cyclizine
 
C18H22N2
 
6726 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0446
 
Desipramine
 
C18H22N2
 
2995 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0502
 
Diphenhydramine
 
C17H21NO
 
3100 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0525
 
Doxepin
 
C19H21NO
 
667477 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0526
 
Doxepin (topical)
 
C19H21NO
 
667477 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[41], [43], [49]
D0655
 
Fesoterodine
 
C26H37NO3
 
6918558 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0662
 
Flavoxate
 
C24H25NO4
 
3354 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0791
 
Iloperidone
 
C24H27FN2O4
 
71360 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0959
 
Lumateperone
 
C24H28FN3O
 
21302490 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0961
 
Lurasidone
 
C28H36N4O2S
 
213046 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0998
 
Memantine
 
C12H21N
 
4054 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1000
 
Mepenzolate
 
C21H26NO3+
 
4057 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1006
 
Mepyramine
 
C17H23N3O
 
4992 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[41], [43], [49]
D1026
 
Methotrimeprazine
 
C19H24N2OS
 
72287 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1031
 
Methscopolamine
 
C18H24NO4+
 
71183 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1084
 
Molindone
 
C16H24N2O2
 
23897 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1188
 
Orphenadrine
 
C18H23NO
 
4601 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1202
 
Oxybutynin
 
C22H31NO3
 
4634 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1215
 
Paliperidone
 
C23H27FN4O3
 
115237 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1264
 
Phenindamine
 
C19H19N
 
11291 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1282
 
Phenyltoloxamine
 
C17H21NO
 
7077 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[41], [43], [49]
D1292
 
Pimozide
 
C28H29F2N3O
 
16362 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1352
 
Promethazine
 
C17H20N2S
 
4927 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1368
 
Quetiapine
 
C21H25N3O2S
 
5002 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1396
 
Revefenacin
 
C35H43N5O4
 
11753673 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[80], [77], [81], [78], [79], [82], [83], [84]
D1491
 
Solifenacin
 
C23H26N2O2
 
154059 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1576
 
Thiothixene
 
C23H29N3O2S2
 
941651 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1590
 
Tiotropium
 
C19H22NO4S2+
 
5487427 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[80], [77], [81], [78], [79], [82], [83], [84]
D1665
 
Umeclidinium
 
C29H34NO2+
 
11519070 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[80], [77], [81], [78], [79], [82], [83], [84]
D1637
 
Trifluoperazine
 
C21H24F3N3S
 
5566 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1638
 
Triflupromazine
 
C18H19F3N2S
 
5568 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1641
 
Trihexyphenidyl
 
C20H31NO
 
5572 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1647
 
Trimipramine
 
C20H26N2
 
5584 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1649
 
Tripelennamine
 
C16H21N3
 
5587 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1650
 
Triprolidine
 
C19H22N2
 
5282443 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1656
 
Trospium
 
C25H30NO3+
 
5284632 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1726
 
Ziprasidone
 
C21H21ClN4OS
 
60854 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0843
 
Ipratropium (nasal)
 
C20H30NO3+
 
657309 
Minor    Inter Info   
[56], [142], [143]
   Additive antimotility effects Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0947
 
Loperamide
 
C29H33ClN2O2
 
3955 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[85]
   Additive CNS depression effects Drug Num:  39
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1609
 
Topiramate
 
C12H21NO8S
 
5284627 
Major    Inter Info   
[13]
D1730
 
Zonisamide
 
C8H8N2O3S
 
5734 
Major    Inter Info   
[14]
D0035
 
Alfentanil
 
C21H32N6O3
 
51263 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0117
 
Atenolol
 
C14H22N2O3
 
2249 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D0173
 
Betaxolol
 
C18H29NO3
 
2369 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D0188
 
Bisoprolol
 
C18H31NO4
 
2405 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D0219
 
Buprenorphine
 
C29H41NO4
 
644073 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0226
 
Butorphanol
 
C21H29NO2
 
5361092 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0265
 
Carteolol
 
C16H24N2O3
 
2583 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D0379
 
Codeine
 
C18H21NO3
 
5284371 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0467
 
Dextropropoxyphene
 
C22H29NO2
 
10100 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[17], [15], [16]
D0617
 
Ethanol
 
C2H6O
 
702 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[76]
D0646
 
Fentanyl
 
C22H28N2O
 
3345 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0776
 
Hydromorphone
 
C17H19NO3
 
5284570 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [27], [17], [19], [21], [20], [23], [24], [31], [22], [25], [29], [15], [30], [32], [33], [28], [16], [18]
D0884
 
Labetalol
 
C19H24N2O3
 
3869 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D0923
 
Levorphanol
 
C17H23NO
 
5359272 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1001
 
Meperidine
 
C15H21NO2
 
4058 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1017
 
Methadone
 
C21H27NO
 
4095 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [27], [17], [19], [21], [20], [23], [24], [31], [22], [25], [29], [15], [30], [32], [33], [28], [16], [18]
D1049
 
Metoprolol
 
C15H25NO3
 
4171 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D1089
 
Morphine
 
C17H19NO3
 
5288826 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1090
 
Morphine (liposomal)
 
C17H19NO3
 
5288826 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[17], [15], [16]
D1100
 
Nalbuphine
 
C21H27NO4
 
5311304 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1203
 
Oxycodone
 
C18H21NO4
 
5284603 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1247
 
Pentazocine
 
C19H27NO
 
441278 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1293
 
Pindolol
 
C14H20N2O2
 
4828 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D1357
 
Propranolol
 
C16H21NO2
 
4946 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[53], [33], [57], [55], [56], [54]
D1390
 
Remifentanil
 
C20H28N2O5
 
60815 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [27], [17], [19], [21], [20], [23], [24], [31], [22], [25], [29], [15], [30], [32], [33], [28], [16], [18]
D1498
 
Sotalol
 
C12H20N2O3S
 
5253 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D1512
 
Sufentanil
 
C22H30N2O2S
 
41693 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1585
 
Timolol
 
C13H24N4O3S
 
33624 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]
D0161
 
Benzhydrocodone
 
C25H25NO4
 
49836084 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[17], [15], [16]
D0470
 
Dezocine
 
C16H23NO
 
3033053 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0493
 
Dihydrocodeine
 
C18H23NO3
 
5284543 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[17], [15], [16]
D0909
 
Levacetylmethadol
 
C23H31NO2
 
15130 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[17], [15], [16]
D1169
 
Oliceridine
 
C22H30N2O2S
 
66553195 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1183
 
Opium
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1208
 
Oxymorphone
 
C17H19NO4
 
5284604 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1535
 
Tapentadol
 
C14H23NO
 
9838022 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1616
 
Tramadol
 
C16H25NO2
 
33741 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
   Increased risk of GI mucosal injury/bleeding risk Drug Num:  2
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1318
 
Potassium chloride
 
ClK
 
4873 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3]
D1319
 
Potassium citrate
 
C6H5K3O7
 
13344 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [4], [2], [5], [6], [3], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]
   Increased risk of rapid heart rate Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0101
 
Arbutamine
 
C18H23NO4
 
60789 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[98]
   Increased risk of other adverse reactions (Unspecific) Drug Num:  2
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0562
 
Eluxadoline
 
C32H35N5O5
 
11250029 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[33], [106]
D1074
 
Mirabegron
 
C21H24N4O2S
 
9865528 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[121]
      Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
   Antagonize the effect of cholinergic agents Drug Num:  22
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0175
 
Bethanechol
 
C7H17N2O2+
 
2370 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D0256
 
Carbamoylcholine (ophthalmic)
 
C6H15N2O2+
 
2551 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[63], [64]
D0308
 
Cevimeline
 
C10H17NOS
 
83898 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D0440
 
Demecarium (ophthalmic)
 
C32H52N4O4+2
 
5966 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[63], [64]
D0516
 
Donepezil
 
C24H29NO3
 
3152 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [72], [73]
D0552
 
Edrophonium
 
C10H16NO+
 
3202 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[74]
D0707
 
Galantamine
 
C17H21NO3
 
9651 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [72], [73]
D0746
 
Guanidine
 
CH5N3
 
3520 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[74]
D0856
 
Isoflurophate (ophthalmic)
 
C6H14FO3P
 
5936 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[63], [64]
D1285
 
Physostigmine
 
C15H21N3O2
 
5983 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [72], [73]
D1286
 
Physostigmine (ophthalmic)
 
C15H21N3O2
 
5983 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[63], [64]
D1365
 
Pyridostigmine
 
C9H13N2O2+
 
4991 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[74]
D1418
 
Rivastigmine
 
C14H22N2O2
 
77991 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [72], [73]
D1525
 
Tacrine
 
C13H14N2
 
1935 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [72], [73]
D0015
 
Acetylcholine
 
C7H16NO2+
 
187 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[63], [64]
D0052
 
Ambenonium
 
C28H42Cl2N4O2+2
 
2131 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[74]
D0546
 
Echothiophate (ophthalmic)
 
C9H23NO3PS+
 
10548 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[63], [64]
D1046
 
Metoclopramide
 
C14H22ClN3O2
 
4168 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[119], [120]
D1122
 
Neostigmine
 
C12H19N2O2+
 
4456 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[74]
D1288
 
Pilocarpine
 
C11H16N2O2
 
5910 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[58], [59]
D1289
 
Pilocarpine (ophthalmic)
 
C11H16N2O2
 
5910 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[63], [64]
D1362
 
Prucalopride
 
C18H26ClN3O3
 
3052762 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[124], [125]
References
1 Farquharson-Roberts MA, Giddings AE, Nunn AJ "Perforation of small bowel due to slow release potassium chloride (slow-K)." Br Med J 3 (1975): 206. [PMID: 1148734]
2 Lambert JR, Newman A "Ulceration and stricture of the esophagus due to oral potassium chloride (slow release tablet) therapy." Am J Gastroenterol 73 (1980): 508-11. [PMID: 7424872]
3 Lofgren RP, Rothe PR, Carlson GJ "Jejunal perforation associated with slow-release potassium chloride therapy." South Med J 75 (1982): 1154-5. [PMID: 7123349]
4 Heffernan SJ, Murphy JJ "Ulceration of small intestine and slow-release potassium tablets." Br Med J 2 (1975): 746. [PMID: 1139204]
5 Leijonmarck CE, Raf L "Gastrointestinal lesions and potassium chloride supplements." Lancet 1 (1985): 56-7. [PMID: 2856988]
6 Leijonmarck CE, Raf L "Ulceration of the small intestine due to slow-release potassium chloride tablets." Acta Chir Scand 151 (1985): 273-8. [PMID: 4013604]
7 McMahon FG, Ryan JR, Akdamar K, Ertan A "Effect of potassium chloride supplements on upper gastrointestinal mucosa." Clin Pharmacol Ther 35 (1984): 852-5. [PMID: 6734038]
8 McMahon FG, Ryan JR, Akdamar K, Ertan A "Upper gastrointestinal lesions after potassium chloride supplements: a controlled clinical trial." Lancet 2 (1982): 1059-61. [PMID: 6127542]
9 Product Information. K-Dur (potassium chloride). Schering Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ.
10 Product Information. Urocit (potassium citrate). Mission Pharmacal Company, San Antonio, TX.
11 Weiss SM, Rutenberg HL, Paskin DL, Zaren HA "Gut lesions due to slow-release KCI tablets." N Engl J Med 296 (1977): 111-2. [PMID: 830293]
12 Wynn V "Potassium chloride and bowel ulceration." Br Med J 5477 (1965): 1546. [PMID: 5850476]
13 Product Information. Topamax (topiramate). Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raritan, NJ.
14 Product Information. Zonegran (zonisamide) Elan Pharmaceuticals, S. San Francisco, CA.
15 Product Information. Apadaz (acetaminophen-benzhydrocodone). KemPharm, Inc, Coralville, IA.
16 Product Information. Lortab (acetaminophen-hydrocodone). Akorn Inc, Buffalo Grove, IL.
17 Product Information. Exalgo (hydromorphone). Covidien, Mansfield, MA.
18 Product Information. Kadian (morphine). Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
19 Product Information. Naloxone HCl-Pentazocine HCl (naloxone-pentazocine). Actavis U.S. (Amide Pharmaceutical Inc), Little Falls, NJ.
20 Product Information. DepoDur (morphine liposomal). Endo Laboratories LLC, Chadds Ford, PA.
21 Product Information. Nucynta (tapentadol). PriCara Pharmaceuticals, Raritan, NJ.
22 Product Information. OxyContin (oxycodone). Purdue Frederick Company, Norwalk, CT.
23 Product Information. Tylenol with Codeine (acetaminophen-codeine). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Raritan, NJ.
24 Product Information. Opana (oxymorphone). Endo Laboratories LLC, Chadds Ford, PA.
25 Product Information. Demerol (meperidine). Sanofi Winthrop Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
26 Product Information. Levorphanol Tartrate (levorphanol). Sentynl Therapeutics, Solana Beach, CA.
27 Product Information. Belbuca (buprenorphine). Endo Pharmaceuticals Solutions Inc, Malvern, PA.
28 Product Information. SUFentanil Citrate (SUFentanil). Akorn Inc, Buffalo Grove, IL.
29 Product Information. Ultram (tramadol). McNeil Pharmaceutical, Raritan, NJ.
30 Product Information. Duragesic Transdermal System (fentanyl). Janssen Pharmaceutica, Titusville, NJ.
31 Product Information. Dolophine (methadone). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
32 Product Information. Alfentanil Hydrochloride (alfentanil). Akorn Inc, Buffalo Grove, IL.
33 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
34 Postma JU, van Tilburg W "Visual hallucinations and delirium during treatment with amantadine (Symmetrel)." J Am Geriatr Soc 23 (1975): 212-5. [PMID: 123540]
35 Product Information. Symmetrel (amantadine). DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
36 Cohen MA, Alfonso CA, Mosquera M. Development of urinary retention during treatment with clozapine and meclizine [published correction appears in Am J Psychiatry 1994 Jun;151(6):952]. Am J Psychiatry. 1994;151(4):619-620. [PMID: 8147469]
37 Forester D "Fatal drug-induced heat stroke." JACEP 7 (1978): 243-4. [PMID: 661049]
38 Gershon S, Neubauer H, Sundland DM "Interaction between some anticholinergic agents and phenothiazines." Clin Pharmacol Ther 6 (1965): 749-56. [PMID: 4378954]
39 Hvizdos AJ, Bennett JA, Wells BG, Rappaport KB, Mendel SA "Anticholinergic psychosis in a patient receiving usual doses of haloperidol." Clin Pharm 2 (1983): 174-8. [PMID: 6883947]
40 Johnson AL, Hollister LE, Berger PA "The anticholinergic intoxication syndrome: diagnosis and treatment." J Clin Psychiatry 42 (1981): 313-7. [PMID: 7251568]
41 Kulik AV, Wilbur R "Delirium and stereotypy from anticholinergic antiparkinson drugs." Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 6 (1982): 75-82. [PMID: 7202232]
42 Lee BS "Possibility of hyperpyrexia with antipsychotic and anticholinergic drugs." J Clin Psychiatry 47 (1986): 571. [PMID: 3771507]
43 Mann SC, Boger WP "Psychotropic drugs, summer heat and humidity, and hyperplexia: a danger restated." Am J Psychiatry 135 (1978): 1097-100. [PMID: 29501]
44 Moreau A, Jones BD, Banno V "Chronic central anticholinergic toxicity in manic depressive illness mimicking dementia." Can J Psychiatry 31 (1986): 339-41. [PMID: 3708528]
45 Product Information. Artane (trihexyphenidyl). Lederle Laboratories, Wayne, NJ.
46 Product Information. Cogentin (benztropine). Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
47 Sarnquist F, Larson CP Jr "Drug-induced heat stroke." Anesthesiology 39 (1973): 348-50. [PMID: 4728582]
48 Stadnyk AN, Glezos JD "Drug-induced heat stroke." Can Med Assoc J 128 (1983): 957-9. [PMID: 6831343]
49 Warnes H, Lehmann HE, Ban TA "Adynamic ileus during psychoactive medication: a report of three fatal and five severe cases." Can Med Assoc J 96 (1967): 1112-3. [PMID: 6021058]
50 Zelman S, Guillan R "Heat stroke in phenothiazine-treated patients: a report of three fatalities." Am J Psychiatry 126 (1970): 1787-90. [PMID: 5441734]
51 Brynne N, Forslund C, Hallen B, Gustafsson LL, Bertilsson L "Ketoconazole inhibits the metabolism of tolterodine in subjects with deficient CYP2D6 activity." Br J Clin Pharmacol 48 (1999): 564-72. [PMID: 10583027]
52 Product Information. Detrol (tolterodine). Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
53 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
54 Briant RH, Dorrington RE, Ferry DG, Paxton JW "Bioavailability of metoprolol in young adults and the elderly, with additional studies on the effects of metoclopramide and probanthine." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 25 (1983): 353-6. [PMID: 6628522]
55 Clark JM, Seager SJ "Gastric emptying following premedication with glycopyrrolate or atropine." Br J Anaesth 55 (1983): 1195-9. [PMID: 6652009]
56 Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P, eds. "Goodman and Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 8th ed." New York, NY: Pergamon Press Inc. (1990):.
57 Regardh CG, Lundborg P, Persson BA "The effect of antacid, metoclopramide, and propantheline on the bioavailability of metoprolol and atenolol." Biopharm Drug Dispos 2 (1981): 79-87. [PMID: 7236872]
58 Benjamin KW "Toxicity of ocular medications." Int Ophthalmol Clin 19 (1979): 199-255. [PMID: 376469]
59 Product Information. Salagen Tablets (pilocarpine). Boehringer-Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT.
60 Product Information. Botox (onabotulinumtoxin A). Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA.
61 Product Information. Myobloc (botulinum toxin type B) Elan Pharmaceuticals, S. San Francisco, CA.
62 Product Information. Xeomin (botulinum toxin type A (obsolete) (botulinum toxin type A)). Merz Pharmaceuticals, Greensboro, NC.
63 Multum Information Services, Inc. Expert Review Panel.
64 Product Information. Pilopine HS (pilocarpine ophthalmic). Alcon Laboratories Inc, Fort Worth, TX.
65 Beers MH, Ouslander JG, Rollingher I, Reuben DB, Brooks J, Beck JC "Explicit criteria for determining inappropriate medication use in nursing home residents." Arch Intern Med 151 (1991): 1825-32. [PMID: 1888249]
66 Carnahan RM, Lund BC, Perry PJ, Chrischilles EA "The concurrent use of anticholinergics and cholinesterase inhibitors: rare event or common practice?" J Am Geriatr Soc 52 (2004): 2082-7. [PMID: 15571547]
67 Edwards KR, O'Connor JT "Risk of delirium with concomitant use of tolterodine and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors." J Am Geriatr Soc 50 (2002): 1165-6. [PMID: 12110086]
68 Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, Waller JL, Maclean JR, Beers MH "Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a US consensus panel of experts." Arch Intern Med 163 (2003): 2716-2724. [PMID: 14662625]
69 Katz IR, Sands LP, Bilker W, DiFilippo S, Boyce A, D'Angelo K "Identification of medications that cause cognitive impairment in older people: the case of oxybutynin chloride." J Am Geriatr Soc 46 (1998): 8-13. [PMID: 9434659]
70 Product Information. Aricept (donepezil). Pfizer US Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
71 Product Information. Cognex (tacrine). Parke-Davis, Morris Plains, NJ.
72 Product Information. Reminyl (galantamine) Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
73 Roe CM, Anderson MJ, Spivack B "Use of anticholinergic medications by older adults with dementia." J Am Geriatr Soc 50 (2002): 836-42. [PMID: 12028169]
74 Product Information. Mestinon (pyridostigmine). ICN Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cost Mesa, CA.
75 Product Information. Sustiva (efavirenz). DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
76 Linnoila M "Drug effects on psychomotor skills related to driving: interaction of atropine, glycopyrrhonium and alcohol." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 6 (1973): 107-12. [PMID: 4588850]
77 Product Information. Anoro Ellipta (umeclidinium-vilanterol). GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
78 Product Information. Combivent (albuterol-ipratropium). Boehringer-Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT.
79 Product Information. Qbrexza (glycopyrrolate topical). Dermira, Inc., Menlo Park, CA.
80 Cole JM, Sheehan AH, Jordan JK "Concomitant use of ipratropium and tiotropium in chronic obstructive plmonary disease." Ann Pharmacother 46 (2012): 1717-21. [PMID: 23170031]
81 Product Information. Atrovent (ipratropium). Boehringer-Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT.
82 Product Information. Spiriva (tiotropium). Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT.
83 Product Information. Tudorza Pressair (aclidinium). Forest Pharmaceuticals, St. Louis, MO.
84 Product Information. Yupelri (revefenacin). Mylan Specialty, Morgantown, WV.
85 Eronen M, Putkonen H, Hallikainen T, Vartiainen H "Lethal gastroenteritis associated with clozapine and loperamide." Am J Psychiatry 160 (2003): 2242-2243. [PMID: 14638602]
86 He K, Woolf TF, Hollenberg PF "Mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P-450-3A4 by mifepristone (RU486)." J Pharmacol Exp Ther 288 (1999): 791-7. [PMID: 9918590]
87 Product Information. Mifeprex (mifepristone) Danco Laboratories, New York, NY.
88 Product Information. Viramune (nevirapine). Boehringer-Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT.
89 Product Information. Viramune XR (nevirapine). Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT.
90 Product Information. Trileptal (oxcarbazepine) Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
91 Rosche J, Froscher W, Abendroth D, Liebel J "Possible oxcarbazepine interaction with cyclosporine serum levels: A single case study." Clin Neuropharmacol 24 (2001): 113-6. [PMID: 11307049]
92 Zaccara G, Gangemi PF, Bendoni L, Menge GP, Schwabe S, Monza GC "Influence of single and repeated doses of oxcarbazepine on the pharmacokinetic profile of felodipine." Ther Drug Monit 15 (1993): 39-42. [PMID: 8451779]
93 Product Information. Prograf (tacrolimus). Fujisawa, Deerfield, IL.
94 Product Information. Rapamune (sirolimus) Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
95 Product Information. Zorbtive (somatropin). Serono Laboratories Inc, Rockland, MA.
96 Product Information. Xeglyze (abametapir topical). Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
97 Product Information. Erleada (apalutamide). Janssen Biotech, Inc., Horsham, PA, PA.
98 Product Information. GenESA (arbutamine). Gensia Inc, San Diego, CA.
99 Product Information. Orladeyo (berotralstat). BioCryst Pharmaceuticals Inc, Durham, NC.
100 Product Information. Alunbrig (brigatinib). Ariad Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
101 Product Information. Xcopri (cenobamate). SK Life Science, Inc., Paramus, NJ.
102 Product Information. Tafinlar (dabrafenib). GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
103 Product Information. Exjade (deferasirox). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
104 Skerjanec A, Wang J, Maren K, Rojkjaer L "Investigation of the pharmacokinetic interactions of deferasirox, a once-daily oral iron chelator, with midazolam, rifampin, and repaglinide in healthy volunteers." J Clin Pharmacol 50 (2010): 205-13. [PMID: 19940232]
105 Gorski JC, Huang SM, Pinto A, et al. "The effect of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome P450 activity in vivo." Clin Pharmacol Ther 75 (2004): 89-100. [PMID: 14749695]
106 Product Information. Viberzi (eluxadoline). Actavis Pharma, Inc., Parsippany, NJ.
107 Benoist G, van Oort I, et al "Drug-drug interaction potential in men treated with enzalutamide: Mind the gap." Br J Clin Pharmacol 0 (2017): epub. [PMID: 28881501]
108 Product Information. Xtandi (enzalutamide). Astellas Pharma US, Inc, Deerfield, IL.
109 Product Information. Intelence (etravirine). Ortho Biotech Inc, Bridgewater, NJ.
110 Product Information. Tavalisse (fostamatinib). Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA.
111 Product Information. Xenleta (lefamulin). Nabriva Therapeutics US, Inc., King of Prussia, PA.
112 Algeri S, Cerletti C, Curcio M, et al. "Effect of anticholinergic drugs on gastro-intestinal absorption of L-dopa in rats and man." Eur J Pharmacol 35 (1976): 293-9. [PMID: 1248506]
113 Bergmann S, Curzon G, Friedel J, et al "The absorption and metabolism of a standard oral dose of levodopa in patients with parkinsonism." Br J Clin Pharmacol 1 (1974): 417-24. [PMID: 22454921]
114 Birket-Smith E "Abnormal involuntary movements induced by anticholinergic therapy." Acta Neurol Scand 50 (1974): 801-11. [PMID: 4155220]
115 Fermaglich J, O'Dougherty DS "Effect of gastric motility on levodopa." Dis Nerv Syst 33 (1972): 624-5. [PMID: 4649158]
116 Hughes R, Polgar JG, Weightman D, Walton JN "Levodopa in Parkinsonism: the effects of withdrawal of anticholinergic drugs." Br Med J 2 (1971): 487-91. [PMID: 5579489]
117 Rivera-Calimlim L, Dujovne CA, Morgan JP, Lasagna L, Bianchine JR "Absorption and metabolism of L-dopa by the human stomach." Eur J Clin Invest 1 (1971): 313-20. [PMID: 5558777]
118 Product Information. Lorbrena (lorlatinib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
119 Product Information. Motilium (domperidone). Janssen-Ortho Inc, Toronto, ON.
120 Product Information. Reglan (metoclopramide). Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
121 Product Information. Myrbetriq (mirabegron). Astellas Pharma US, Inc, Deerfield, IL.
122 Product Information. Tasigna (nilotinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
123 Product Information. Wakix (pitolisant). Harmony Biosciences, LLC, Plymouth Meeting, PA.
124 EMEA. European Medicines Agency "EPARs. European Union Public Assessment Reports.".
125 Product Information. Resotran (prucalopride). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
126 Product Information. Priftin (rifapentine). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
127 Thijssen HH, Flin ois JP, Beaune PH "Cytochrome P4502C9 is the principal catalyst of racemic acenocoumarol hydroxylation reactions in human liver microsomes." Drug Metab Dispos 28 (2000): 1284-90. [PMID: 11038154]
128 Product Information. Banzel (rufinamide). Eisai Inc, Teaneck, NJ.
129 Product Information. Humatrope (somatropin). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
130 Product Information. Xermelo (telotristat ethyl). Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., The Woodlands, TX.
131 Nimmo J, Heading RC, Tothill P, Prescott LF "Pharmacological modification of gastric emptying: effects of propantheline and metoclopramide on paracetamol absorption." Br Med J 1 (1973): 587-9. [PMID: 4694406]
132 Product Information. Transderm Scop (scopolamine). Ciba Self-Medication Inc, Woodbridge, NJ.
133 Beermann B, Groschinsky-Grind M "Enhancement of the gastrointestinal absorption of hydrochlorothiazide by propantheline." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 13 (1978): 385-7. [PMID: 668798]
134 Shukla UA, Pittman KA, Barbhaiya RH. Pharmacokinetic interactions of cefprozil with food, propantheline, metoclopramide, and probenecid in healthy volunteers.?J Clin Pharmacol. 1992;32(8):725-731. [PMID: 1487562]
135 Brynne N, Svanstrom C, AbergWistedt A, Hallen B, Bertilsson L "Fluoxetine inhibits the metabolism of tolterodin-pharmacokinetic implications and proposed clinical relevance." Br J Clin Pharmacol 48 (1999): 553-63. [PMID: 10583026]
136 Product Information. Varubi (rolapitant). Tesaro Inc., Waltham, MA.
137 Binnion PF, McDermott M, LeSher D "Bioavailability of digoxin." Lancet 1 (1973): 1118. [PMID: 4122032]
138 Brown DD, Schmid J, Long RA, Hull JH "A steady-state evaluation of the effects of propantheline bromide and cholestyramine on the bioavailability of digoxin when administered as tablets or capsules." J Clin Pharmacol 25 (1985): 360-4. [PMID: 4031112]
139 Johnson BF, O'Grady J, Bye C "The influence of digoxin particle size on absorption of digoxin and the effect of propantheline and metoclopramide." Br J Clin Pharmacol 5 (1978): 465-7. [PMID: 656287]
140 Manninen V, Apajalahti A, Simonen H, Reissell P "Effect of propantheline and metoclopramide on absorption of digoxin." Lancet 1 (1973): 1118-9. [PMID: 4122033]
141 Product Information. Lanoxicaps (digoxin). Glaxo Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC.
142 Product Information. Atrovent nasal spray (ipratropium nasal). Boehringer-Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT.
143 Product Information. Fycompa (perampanel). Eisai Inc, Teaneck, NJ.
144 Doherty MM, Charman WN "The mucosa of the small intestine: how clinically relevant as an organ of drug metabolism?" Clin Pharmacokinet 41 (2002): 235-53. [PMID: 11978143]
145 Product Information. Nuvigil (armodafinil). Cephalon Inc, West Chester, PA.
146 Product Information. Provigil (modafinil). Cephalon, Inc, West Chester, PA.
147 Robertson P Jr, Hellriegel ET, Arora S, Nelson M "Effect of modafinil on the pharmacokinetics of ethinyl estradiol and triazolam in healthy volunteers." Clin Pharmacol Ther 71 (2002): 46-56. [PMID: 11823757]
148 Robertson P, Decory HH, Madan A, Parkinson A "In vitro inhibition and induction of human hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes by modafinil." Drug Metab Dispos 28 (2000): 664-71. [PMID: 10820139]
149 Jaffe JM "Effect of propantheline on nitrofurantoin absorption." J Pharm Sci 64 (1975): 1729-30. [PMID: 1185550]
150 Mannisto P "The effect of crystal size, gastric content and emptying rate on the absorption of nitrofurantoin in healthy human volunteers." Int J Clin Pharmacol Biopharm 16 (1978): 223-8. [PMID: 649241]
151 Product Information. Nitrostat (nitroglycerin). Parke-Davis, Morris Plains, NJ.