Drug General Information (ID: D0902)
  Drug Name
Lenalidomide
  Drug Type Small molecule
  Drug Synonymous
Revamid; Revimid; Revlimid; Celgene brand of lenalidomide; Lenalidomide [USAN]; CC 5013; CC5013; CDC 501; IMiD3; IMiD3cpd; ALBB-015321; CC-5013; CDC-501; CDC-5013; ENMD-0997; IMID-5013; Revlimid (Celgene); Revlimid (TN); Thalidomide analog CC-5013; Lenalidomide (USAN/INN); CC-5013, Revlimid, Lenalidomide; 3-(4-Amino-1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione; 3-(4-Amino-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione; 3-(7-Amino-3-oxo-1H-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione; 3-(7-amino-3-oxo-1H-isoindol-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione; Lenalidomide (Immunomodulator)
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  Disease Class 2A83: Multiple myeloma
  Therapeutic Class Antineoplastics
  Structure Could Not Find 2D Structure
3D Structure 2D Structure
  Formula C13H13N3O3
  InChI 1S/C13H13N3O3/c14-9-3-1-2-7-8(9)6-16(13(7)19)10-4-5-11(17)15-12(10)18/h1-3,10H,4-6,14H2,(H,15,17,18)
  InChIKey GOTYRUGSSMKFNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  Canonical SMILES C1CC(=O)NC(=O)C1N2CC3=C(C2=O)C=CC=C3N
  External Link
Pubchem ID 216326
CAS Number 191732-72-6
CHEBI ID 63791
TTD ID D0Q5NX
VARIDT ID DR00261

Drug-Drug Interaction Network
  Sunburst Graph
AM002  Affected cellular transport
AM006  Pharmacodynamic additive effects
AM007  Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
BM010  Transporter inhibition
BM011  Transporter induction
BM043  Additive immunosuppressive effects
BM044  Additive myelosuppressive effects
BM047  Additive thrombogenic effects
BM055  Increased risk of hepatotoxicity
BM100  Antagonize the effect of vaccine/toxoid
BM105  Antagonize the effect of probiotics
BM106  Diminish the response to diagnostic skin test antigens
BM107  Attenuated pharmacological effects (Unspecific)
BM109  Increased risk of other adverse reactions (Unspecific)
  Relation Graph
 Full list of drugs interacting with Lenalidomide
      Affected cellular transport
   Transporter inhibition Drug Num:  13
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0044
 
Alpelisib
 
C19H22F3N5O2S
 
56649450 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[7], [61], [62]
D0204
 
Brigatinib
 
C29H39ClN7O2P
 
68165256 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[7], [71], [72]
D0251
 
Capmatinib
 
C23H17FN6O
 
25145656 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[77]
D0408
 
Daclatasvir
 
C40H50N8O6
 
25154714 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[7], [78]
D0569
 
Encorafenib
 
C22H27ClFN7O4S
 
50922675 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[7], [83]
D0590
 
Erdafitinib
 
C25H30N6O2
 
67462786 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[86]
D0699
 
Fostamatinib
 
C23H26FN6O9P
 
11671467 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[87]
D0852
 
Isavuconazonium
 
C35H35F2N8O5S+
 
6918606 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[7]
D0897
 
Lasmiditan
 
C19H18F3N3O2
 
11610526 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[91]
D0898
 
Ledipasvir
 
C49H54F2N8O6
 
67505836 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[92]
D1062
 
Midostaurin
 
C35H30N4O4
 
9829523 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[7]
D1136
 
Nilotinib
 
C28H22F3N7O
 
644241 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[95]
D1660
 
Tucatinib
 
C26H24N8O2
 
51039094 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[113]
   Transporter induction Drug Num:  2
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0095
 
Apalutamide
 
C21H15F4N5O2S
 
24872560 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[7], [65]
D0578
 
Enzalutamide
 
C21H16F4N4O2S
 
15951529 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[84], [19], [7], [85]
      Pharmacodynamic additive effects
   Additive immunosuppressive effects Drug Num:  33
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0023
 
Adalimumab
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]
D0348
 
Cladribine
 
C10H12ClN5O3
 
20279 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [10]
D0614
 
Etanercept
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]
D0146
 
Baricitinib
 
C16H17N7O2S
 
44205240 
Major    Inter Info   
[19], [7], [20]
D0304
 
Certolizumab pegol
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [5], [6]
D0661
 
Fingolimod
 
C19H33NO2
 
107970 
Major    Inter Info   
[23]
D0736
 
Golimumab
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]
D1211
 
Ozanimod
 
C23H24N4O3
 
52938427 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [26]
D1474
 
Siponimod
 
C29H35F3N2O3
 
44599207 
Major    Inter Info   
[19], [29]
D1600
 
Tofacitinib
 
C16H20N6O
 
9926791 
Major    Inter Info   
[33]
D1666
 
Upadacitinib
 
C17H19F3N6O
 
58557659 
Major    Inter Info   
[34]
D1111
 
Natalizumab
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[35]
D0033
 
Alemtuzumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36]
D0085
 
Anakinra
 
C20H23N5O7S2
 
146171046 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[37], [38], [39]
D0313
 
Chloramphenicol
 
C11H12Cl2N2O5
 
5959 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[19], [7], [51]
D0314
 
Chloramphenicol (ophthalmic)
 
C11H12Cl2N2O5
 
5959 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[19], [7], [51]
D0553
 
Efalizumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[52]
D0136
 
Azathioprine
 
C9H7N7O2S
 
2265 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[19], [7]
D0246
 
Canakinumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[37], [38], [39]
D0443
 
Denosumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[79]
D0507
 
Diroximel fumarate
 
C11H13NO6
 
73330464 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[80]
D1085
 
Monomethyl fumarate
 
C5H6O4
 
5369209 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[80]
D1140
 
Niraparib
 
C19H20N4O
 
24958200 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[96]
D1162
 
Ocrelizumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[97]
D1167
 
Olaparib
 
C24H23FN4O3
 
23725625 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[7], [98]
D1174
 
Omacetaxine mepesuccinate
 
C29H39NO9
 
285033 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[99]
D1375
 
Radium Ra 223 dichloride
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[107]
D1403
 
Rilonacept
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[37], [38], [39]
D1422
 
Roflumilast
 
C17H14Cl2F2N2O3
 
449193 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[7], [108]
D1487
 
Sodium phosphate, monobasic (p32)
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[110]
D1509
 
Strontium chloride Sr-89
 
Cl2Sr
 
5388879 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[19], [7], [111]
D1720
 
Zidovudine
 
C10H13N5O4
 
35370 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[19], [7], [114]
D1855
 
Palifermin
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[116]
   Additive myelosuppressive effects Drug Num:  5
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0370
 
Clozapine
 
C18H19ClN4
 
135398737 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [11], [12]
D0433
 
Deferiprone
 
C7H9NO2
 
2972 
Major    Inter Info   
[19], [21], [8]
D1443
 
Samarium (153Sm) lexidronam
 
Sm
 
23951 
Major    Inter Info   
[28]
D0710
 
Ganciclovir
 
C9H13N5O4
 
135398740 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[19], [7], [88], [89]
D1676
 
Valganciclovir
 
C14H22N6O5
 
135413535 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[19], [7], [88], [89]
   Additive thrombogenic effects Drug Num:  23
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0387
 
Conjugated estrogens
 
C18H21NaO5S
 
45357473 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [13], [8]
D0388
 
Conjugated estrogens (topical)
 
C18H21NaO5S
 
45357473 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [13], [8]
D0423
 
Darbepoetin alfa
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [13], [8]
D0487
 
Diethylstilbestrol
 
C18H20O2
 
448537 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [13], [8]
D0598
 
Erythropoietin
 
C22H22ClKN6O
 
11751549 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [13], [8]
D0385
 
Conestat alfa
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [13], [8]
D0484
 
Dienestrol (topical)
 
C18H18O2
 
667476 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [13], [8]
D0536
 
Drospirenone
 
C24H30O3
 
68873 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [22], [13]
D0605
 
Esterified estrogens
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [13], [8]
D0606
 
Estradiol
 
C18H24O2
 
5757 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [13], [8]
D0607
 
Estradiol (topical)
 
C18H24O2
 
5757 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [13], [8]
D0609
 
Estrone
 
C18H22O2
 
5870 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [13], [8]
D0610
 
Estrone sulfate
 
C18H22O5S
 
3001028 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [13], [8]
D0611
 
Estrone sulfate (topical)
 
C18H22O5S
 
3001028 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [13], [8]
D0619
 
Ethinylestradiol
 
C20H24O2
 
5991 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [22], [13]
D0762
 
Human C1-esterase inhibitor
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [13], [8]
D1011
 
Mestranol
 
C21H26O2
 
6291 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [22], [13]
D1191
 
Ospemifene
 
C24H23ClO2
 
3036505 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [13], [8]
D1236
 
Peginesatide
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [13], [8]
D1370
 
Quinestrol
 
C25H32O2
 
9046 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [13], [8]
D1376
 
Raloxifene
 
C28H27NO4S
 
5035 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [13], [8]
D1533
 
Tamoxifen
 
C26H29NO
 
2733526 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [13], [8]
D1612
 
Toremifene
 
C26H28ClNO
 
3005573 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [13], [8]
   Increased risk of hepatotoxicity Drug Num:  21
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0900
 
Leflunomide
 
C12H9F3N2O2
 
3899 
Major    Inter Info   
[24]
D1073
 
Mipomersen
 
C230H324N67O122P19S19
 
118984467 
Major    Inter Info   
[25]
D1258
 
Pexidartinib
 
C20H15ClF3N5
 
25151352 
Major    Inter Info   
[27]
D1556
 
Teriflunomide
 
C12H9F3N2O2
 
54684141 
Major    Inter Info   
[24]
D0114
 
Asparaginase Escherichia coli
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[40], [41], [42], [19], [7], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0584
 
Epirubicin
 
C27H29NO11
 
41867 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[19], [7], [53]
D0826
 
Interferon beta-1a
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[57], [58], [59], [60]
D0827
 
Interferon beta-1b
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[57], [58], [59], [60]
D0113
 
Asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[40], [41], [42], [19], [7], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0149
 
Bedaquiline
 
C32H31BrN2O2
 
5388906 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[66]
D0199
 
Brentuximab vedotin
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[70]
D0232
 
Calaspargase pegol
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[40], [41], [42], [19], [7], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D0248
 
Cannabidiol
 
C21H30O2
 
644019 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[7], [76]
D0554
 
Efavirenz
 
C14H9ClF3NO2
 
64139 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[81], [82]
D0789
 
Idelalisib
 
C22H18FN7O
 
11625818 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[90]
D1025
 
Methotrexate
 
C20H22N8O5
 
126941 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[7], [93]
D1106
 
Naltrexone
 
C20H23NO4
 
5360515 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[94]
D1239
 
Peginterferon beta-1a
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[57], [58], [59], [60]
D1615
 
Trabectedin
 
C39H43N3O11S
 
108150 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[7], [112]
D1234
 
Pegaspargase
 
C14H19NO
 
436058 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[40], [41], [42], [19], [7], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]
D1589
 
Tioguanine
 
C5H5N5S
 
2723601 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[119], [120]
   Increased risk of other adverse reactions (Unspecific) Drug Num:  14
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0303
 
Cerivastatin
 
C26H34FNO5
 
446156 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [8], [9]
D0118
 
Atezolizumab
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[14], [15], [13]
D0120
 
Atorvastatin
 
C33H35FN2O5
 
60823 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [8], [9]
D1742
 
Avelumab
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[14], [15], [13]
D0541
 
Durvalumab
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[14], [15], [13]
D0686
 
Fluvastatin
 
C24H26FNO4
 
446155 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [8], [9]
D1150
 
Nivolumab
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[14], [15], [13]
D1240
 
Pembrolizumab
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[14], [15], [13]
D1301
 
Pitavastatin
 
C25H24FNO4
 
5282452 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [8], [9]
D1430
 
Rosuvastatin
 
C22H28FN3O6S
 
446157 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [8], [9]
D1473
 
Simvastatin
 
C25H38O5
 
54454 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [8], [9]
D0956
 
Lovastatin
 
C24H36O5
 
53232 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [8], [9]
D1329
 
Pravastatin
 
C23H36O7
 
54687 
Major    Inter Info   
[7], [8], [9]
D1426
 
Romosozumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[109]
      Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
   Antagonize the effect of vaccine/toxoid Drug Num:  22
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1744
 
Bacillus calmette-guerin substrain tice live antigen
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[16], [17], [18]
D1839
 
Measles virus vaccine live attenuated
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[16], [17], [18]
D1849
 
Mumps virus strain B level jeryl lynn live antigen
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[16], [17], [18]
D1881
 
Rotavirus vaccine
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[16], [17], [18]
D1882
 
Rubella virus vaccine
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[16], [17], [18]
D1890
 
Smallpox (Vaccinia) Vaccine, Live
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[30], [19], [31]
D1897
 
Talimogene laherparepvec
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[32]
D1914
 
Typhoid vaccine (live)
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[16], [17], [18]
D1920
 
Varicella Zoster Vaccine (Recombinant)
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[16], [17], [18]
D1922
 
Yellow Fever Vaccine
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[16], [17], [18]
D0089
 
Anthrax vaccine
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[30], [63], [64]
D0366
 
Clostridium tetani toxoid antigen (formaldehyde inactivated)
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[30], [63], [64]
D0756
 
Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[30], [63], [64]
D0767
 
Human papillomavirus type 11 L1 capsid protein antigen
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[30], [63], [64]
D0803
 
Influenza A virus A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like antigen (propiolactone inactivated)
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[30], [63], [64]
D0804
 
Influenza A virus A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (H5N1) antigen (formaldehyde inactivated)
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[30], [63], [64]
D0999
 
Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine group C
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[30], [63], [64]
D1259
 
Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 Vaccine
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[100], [30], [19], [101], [102], [103], [63], [104], [105], [106], [64]
D1307
 
Poliovirus type 1 antigen (formaldehyde inactivated)
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[30], [63], [64]
D1662
 
Typhoid vaccine (inactivated)
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[30], [63], [64]
D1692
 
Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR strain live antigen
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[30], [63], [64]
D1838
 
Lyme disease vaccine (recombinant OspA)
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[115]
   Antagonize the effect of probiotics Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1749
 
Bifidobacterium longum infantis
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[67], [68], [69]
   Diminish the response to diagnostic skin test antigens Drug Num:  4
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1755
 
Candida albicans
 
C29H27N2O12P
 
118855431 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[73], [74], [75]
D1765
 
Coccidioides immitis spherule
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[73], [74], [75]
D1912
 
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[73], [74], [75]
D1913
 
Tuberculin purified protein derivative
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[73], [74], [75]
   Attenuated pharmacological effects (Unspecific) Drug Num:  3
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0659
 
Filgrastim
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[54], [55], [56]
D1235
 
Pegfilgrastim
 
C27H46N4O19
 
70683024 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[117], [118]
D1446
 
Sargramostim
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[54], [55], [56]
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14 Product Information. Pomalyst (pomalidomide). QLT Phototherapeutics Inc, Vancouver, AZ.
15 Product Information. Keytruda (pembrolizumab). Merck &amp Company Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ.
16 Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Wilson JD, Martin JB, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, eds. "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 14th ed." New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Health Professionals Division (1998).
17 Product Information. Attenuvax (measles virus vaccine, live, attenuated). Merck &amp Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
18 Product Information. YF-Vax (yellow fever vaccine). sanofi pasteur, Swiftwater, PA.
19 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
20 Product Information. Olumiant (baricitinib). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
21 Product Information. Ferriprox (deferiprone). ApoPharma USA Inc, Rockville, MD.
22 Gunston GD, Mehta U "Potentially serious drug interactions with grapefruit juice." S Afr Med J 90 (2000): 41. [PMID: 10721388]
23 Product Information. Gilenya (fingolimod). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
24 Product Information. Arava (leflunomide). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
25 Product Information. Kynamro (mipomersen). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
26 Product Information. Zeposia (ozanimod). Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ.
27 Product Information. Turalio (pexidartinib). Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Parsippany, NJ.
28 Product Information. Quadramet (samarium sm 153 lexidronam) Berlex Laboratories, Richmond, CA.
29 Product Information. Mayzent (siponimod). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
30 CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/ "Recommendations of the advisory committtee on immunization practices (ACIP): use of vaccines and immune globulins in persons with altered immunocompetence." MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 42(RR-04) (1993): 1-18. [PMID: 20300058]
31 Product Information. Dryvax (smallpox vaccine). Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
32 Product Information. Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec). Amgen USA, Thousand Oaks, CA.
33 Product Information. Xeljanz (tofacitinib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
34 Product Information. Rinvoq (upadacitinib). AbbVie US LLC, North Chicago, IL.
35 Product Information. Tysabri (natalizumab). Elan Pharmaceutical/Athena Neurosciences Inc, South San Francisco, CA.
36 Product Information. Campath (alemtuzumab) Berlex, Richmond, CA.
37 Product Information. Arcalyst (rilonacept). Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY.
38 Product Information. Ilaris (canakinumab). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
39 Product Information. Kineret (anakinra). Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA.
40 Al-Nawakil C, Willems L, Mauprivez C, et.al "Successful treatment of l-asparaginase-induced severe acute hepatotoxicity using mitochondrial cofactors." Leuk Lymphoma 55 (2014): 1670-4. [PMID: 24090500]
41 Bodmer M, Sulz M, Stadlmann S, Droll A, Terracciano L, Krahenbuhl S "Fatal liver failure in an adult patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia following treatment with L-asparaginase." Digestion 74 (2006): epub. [PMID: 16988508]
42 Cerner Multum, Inc "ANVISA Bulario Eletrnico.".
43 Christ TN, Stock W, Knoebel RW "Incidence of asparaginase-related hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, and thrombotic events in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with a pediatric-inspired regimen." J Oncol Pharm Pract 24 (2018): 299-308. [PMID: 28355969]
44 Jenkins R, Perlin E "Severe hepatotoxicity from Escherichia coli L-asparaginase." J Natl Med Assoc 79 (1987): 775-9. [PMID: 3305969]
45 Lu G, Karur V, Herrington JD, Walker MG "Successful treatment of pegaspargase-induced acute hepatotoxicity with vitamin B complex and L-carnitine" Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 29 (2016): 46-7. [PMID: 26722167]
46 Product Information. Asparlas (calaspargase pegol). Servier, Boston, MA.
47 Product Information. Elspar (asparaginase). Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
48 Product Information. Erwinaze (asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi). EUSA Pharma, Newtown, PA.
49 Product Information. Oncaspar (pegaspargase). Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA.
50 Burke PW, Aldoss I, Lunning MA, et.al "High-grade PEGylated asparaginase-related hepatotoxicity occurrence in a pediatric-inspired adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia regimen does not necessarily predict recurrent hepatotoxicity in subsequent cycles." Blood 122 (2013): 2671. [PMID: 29407583]
51 Sim SM, Back DJ, Breckenridge AM "The effect of various drugs on the glucuronidation of zidovudine (azidothymidine AZT) by human liver microsomes." Br J Clin Pharmacol 32 (1991): 17-21. [PMID: 1909542]
52 Product Information. Raptiva (efalizumab). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
53 Product Information. Ellence (epirubicin) Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
54 Product Information. Granix (tbo-filgrastim). Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, North Wales, PA.
55 Product Information. Leukine (sargramostim). Immunex Corporation, Seattle, WA.
56 Product Information. Stemgen (ancestim) Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA.
57 Product Information. Avonex (interferon beta-1a). Biogen, Cambridge, MA.
58 Product Information. Betaseron (interferon beta-1b). Berlex, Richmond, CA.
59 Product Information. Plegridy (peginterferon beta-1a). Biogen Idec Inc, Cambridge, MA.
60 Product Information. Rebif (interferon beta-1a). Serono Laboratories Inc, Norwell, MA.
61 Product Information. Diovan (valsartan). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
62 Product Information. Piqray (alpelisib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
63 Product Information. Imovax Rabies (rabies vaccine). sanofi pasteur, Swiftwater, PA.
64 Department of Health. National Health Service "Immunisation Against Infectious Disease - "The Green Book". Chapter 6: Contraindications and special considerations.".
65 Product Information. Erleada (apalutamide). Janssen Biotech, Inc., Horsham, PA, PA.
66 Product Information. Sirturo (bedaquiline). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
67 Borriello SP, Hammes WP, Holzapfel W, et.al "Safety of probiotics that contain lactobacilli or bifidobacteria." Clin Infect Dis 36 (2003): 775-80. [PMID: 12627362]
68 Schlegel L, Lemerle S, Geslin P "Lactobacillus species as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised patients." Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 17 (1998): 887-8. [PMID: 10052559]
69 Salminen MK, Tynkkynen S, Rautelin H, et al. "Lactobacillus bacteremia during a rapid increase in probiotic use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Finland." Clin Infect Dis 35 (2002): 1155-60. [PMID: 12410474]
70 Product Information. Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
71 Product Information. Alunbrig (brigatinib). Ariad Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
72 Product Information. Lonsurf (tipiracil-trifluridine). Taiho Oncology, Inc., Princeton, NJ.
73 Product Information. Tuberculin PPD (Mantoux) (tuberculin purified protein derivative). Connaught Laboratories Ltd, Toronto, ON.
74 Product Information. Candin (candida albicans extract). Nielsen Biosciences Inc, San Diego, CA.
75 Product Information. Spherulin (coccidioidin skin test). ALK Laboratories Inc, Wallingford, CT.
76 Product Information. Epidiolex (cannabidiol). Greenwich Biosciences Inc, Carlsbad, CA.
77 Product Information. Tabrecta (capmatinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
78 Product Information. Daklinza (daclatasvir). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
79 Product Information. Prolia (denosumab). Amgen USA, Thousand Oaks, CA.
80 Product Information. Vumerity (diroximel fumarate). Alkermes, Inc, Cambridge, MA.
81 Elsharkawy AM, Schwab U, McCarron B, et al. "Efavirenz induced acute liver failure requiring liver transplantation in a slow drug metaboliser." J Clin Virol 58 (2013): 331-3. [PMID: 23763943]
82 Product Information. Sustiva (efavirenz). DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
83 Product Information. Braftovi (encorafenib). Array BioPharma Inc., Boulder, CO.
84 Benoist G, van Oort I, et al "Drug-drug interaction potential in men treated with enzalutamide: Mind the gap." Br J Clin Pharmacol 0 (2017): epub. [PMID: 28881501]
85 Product Information. Xtandi (enzalutamide). Astellas Pharma US, Inc, Deerfield, IL.
86 Product Information. Balversa (erdafitinib). Janssen Products, LP, Horsham, PA.
87 Product Information. Tavalisse (fostamatinib). Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA.
88 Product Information. Cytovene (ganciclovir). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
89 Product Information. Valcyte (valganciclovir) Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
90 Product Information. Zydelig (idelalisib). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
91 Product Information. Reyvow (lasmiditan). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
92 Product Information. Harvoni (ledipasvir-sofosbuvir). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
93 Product Information. Methotrexate (methotrexate). Lederle Laboratories, Wayne, NJ.
94 Product Information. ReVia (naltrexone). DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
95 Product Information. Tasigna (nilotinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
96 Product Information. Zejula (niraparib). Tesaro Inc., Waltham, MA.
97 Product Information. Ocrevus (ocrelizumab). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
98 Product Information. Lynparza (olaparib). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
99 Product Information. Synribo (omacetaxine). Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, North Wales, PA.
100 CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention "General Best Practice Guidelines for Immunization: Altered Immunocompetence." .
101 Product Information. Biothrax (anthrax vaccine adsorbed). Emergent BioSolutions Inc., Lansing, MI.
102 Product Information. Fluzone Influenza Vaccine (influenza virus vaccine). Connaught, Swiftwater, PA.
103 Product Information. Havrix (hepatitis A vaccine). SmithKline Beecham, Philadelphia, PA.
104 Product Information. Influenza Virus Vaccine, H5N1, Inactivated (influenza virus vaccine, H5N1, inactivated). GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
105 Product Information. Omnihib (haemophilus b conjugate vaccine). SmithKline Beecham, Philadelphia, PA.
106 CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention "Interim Clinical Considerations for Use of COVID-19 Vaccines Currently Approved or Authorized in the United States.".
107 Product Information. Xofigo (radium Ra 223 dichloride). Bayer Pharmaceutical Inc, West Haven, CT.
108 Product Information. Daxas (roflumilast). Nycomed Inc, Princeton, NJ.
109 Product Information. Evenity (romosozumab). Amgen USA, Thousand Oaks, CA.
110 AnazaoHealth Corporation "P32 Sodium Phosphate."
111 Multum Information Services, Inc. Expert Review Panel.
112 Product Information. Yondelis (trabectedin). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
113 Product Information. Tukysa (tucatinib). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
114 Product Information. Retrovir (zidovudine). Glaxo Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC.
115 Shen AK, Mead PS, Beard CB. The Lyme disease vaccine--a public health perspective. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52 Suppl 3:s247-s252. [PMID: 21217171]
116 Product Information. Kepivance (palifermin). Shire US Inc, Florence, KY.
117 Product Information. Brukinsa (zanubrutinib). BeiGene USA, Inc, San Mateo, CA.
118 Product Information. Neulasta (pegfilgrastim). Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA.
119 Product Information. Aubagio (teriflunomide). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
120 Product Information. Tabloid (thioguanine). Prasco Laboratories, Cincinnati, OH.