Drug General Information (ID: D0585)
  Drug Name
Eplerenone
  Drug Type Small molecule
  Drug Synonymous
Epoxymexrenone; Inspra; Selara; CGP-30083; Inspra (TN); SC-66110; Eplerenone (JAN/USAN/INN); Inspra, Epoxymexrenone, CGP30083, SC-66110,Eplerenone; 7alpha-methoxycarbonyl-3-oxo-9,11alpha-epoxy-17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone
    Click to Show/Hide
  Disease Class BD10-BD1Z: Heart failure
  Therapeutic Class Antihypertensive Agents
  Structure Could Not Find 2D Structure
3D Structure 2D Structure
  Formula C24H30O6
  InChI 1S/C24H30O6/c1-21-7-4-14(25)10-13(21)11-15(20(27)28-3)19-16-5-8-23(9-6-18(26)30-23)22(16,2)12-17-24(19,21)29-17/h10,15-17,19H,4-9,11-12H2,1-3H3/t15-,16+,17-,19+,21+,22+,23-,24-/m1/s1
  InChIKey JUKPWJGBANNWMW-VWBFHTRKSA-N
  Canonical SMILES CC12CCC(=O)C=C1CC(C3C24C(O4)CC5(C3CCC56CCC(=O)O6)C)C(=O)OC
  External Link
Pubchem ID 443872
CAS Number 107724-20-9
CHEBI ID 31547
TTD ID D0Q4SD
INTEDE ID DR0592

Drug-Drug Interaction Network
  Sunburst Graph
AM004  Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
AM006  Pharmacodynamic additive effects
AM007  Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
BM017  CYP450 enzyme inhibition
BM022  CYP450 enzyme induction
BM024  Competitive inhibition of metabolic enzyme
BM042  Additive hypotensive effects
BM058  Increased risk of hyperkalemia
BM089  Antagonize the effect of antihypertensive agents
  Relation Graph
 Full list of drugs interacting with Eplerenone
      Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
   CYP450 enzyme inhibition Drug Num:  54
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0100
 
Aprepitant
 
C23H21F7N4O3
 
135413536 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D0367
 
Clotrimazole
 
C22H17ClN2
 
2812 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D0497
 
Diltiazem
 
C22H26N2O4S
 
39186 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D0066
 
Amiodarone
 
C25H29I2NO3
 
2157 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D0080
 
Amprenavir
 
C25H35N3O6S
 
65016 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D0116
 
Atazanavir
 
C38H52N6O7
 
148192 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D0171
 
Berotralstat
 
C30H26F4N6O
 
137528262 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D0192
 
Boceprevir
 
C27H45N5O5
 
10324367 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D0302
 
Ceritinib
 
C28H36ClN5O3S
 
57379345 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D0349
 
Clarithromycin
 
C38H69NO13
 
84029 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D0375
 
Cobicistat
 
C40H53N7O5S2
 
25151504 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D0386
 
Conivaptan
 
C32H26N4O2
 
151171 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D0393
 
Crizotinib
 
C21H22Cl2FN5O
 
11626560 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D0413
 
Dalfopristin
 
C34H50N4O9S
 
6323289 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D0426
 
Darunavir
 
C27H37N3O7S
 
213039 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D0439
 
Delavirdine
 
C22H28N6O3S
 
5625 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D0534
 
Dronedarone
 
C31H44N2O5S
 
208898 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D0543
 
Duvelisib
 
C22H17ClN6O
 
50905713 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D0692
 
Fosamprenavir
 
C25H36N3O9PS
 
131536 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D0693
 
Fosaprepitant
 
C23H22F7N4O6P
 
135413538 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D0696
 
Fosnetupitant
 
C31H35F6N4O5P
 
71544786 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D0789
 
Idelalisib
 
C22H18FN7O
 
11625818 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D0852
 
Isavuconazonium
 
C35H35F2N8O5S+
 
6918606 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D0867
 
Itraconazole
 
C35H38Cl2N8O4
 
55283 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D0880
 
Ketoconazole
 
C26H28Cl2N4O4
 
456201 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D0906
 
Letermovir
 
C29H28F4N4O4
 
45138674 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D0946
 
Lonafarnib
 
C27H31Br2ClN4O2
 
148195 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D1063
 
Mifepristone
 
C29H35NO2
 
55245 
Major    Inter Info   
[5], [6], [7]
D1117
 
Nefazodone
 
C25H32ClN5O2
 
4449 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D1127
 
Netupitant
 
C30H32F6N4O
 
6451149 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D1315
 
Posaconazole
 
C37H42F2N8O4
 
468595 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D1398
 
Ribociclib
 
C23H30N8O
 
44631912 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D1444
 
Saquinavir
 
C38H50N6O5
 
441243 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D1505
 
Stiripentol
 
C14H18O3
 
5311454 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D1541
 
Telaprevir
 
C36H53N7O6
 
3010818 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D1544
 
Telithromycin
 
C43H65N5O10
 
3002190 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D1653
 
Troleandomycin
 
C41H67NO15
 
202225 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D1709
 
Voxelotor
 
C19H19N3O3
 
71602803 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D0597
 
Erythromycin
 
C37H67NO13
 
12560 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D0667
 
Fluconazole
 
C13H12F2N6O
 
3365 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D0793
 
Imatinib
 
C29H31N7O
 
5291 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D0799
 
Indinavir
 
C36H47N5O4
 
5362440 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D1119
 
Nelfinavir
 
C32H45N3O4S
 
64143 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D1415
 
Ritonavir
 
C37H48N6O5S2
 
392622 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D1690
 
Verapamil
 
C27H38N2O4
 
2520 
Major    Inter Info   
[2]
D1706
 
Voriconazole
 
C16H14F3N5O
 
71616 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [2], [4]
D0002
 
Abametapir (topical)
 
C12H12N2
 
15664 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[76]
D0432
 
Deferasirox
 
C21H15N3O4
 
214348 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[88], [89]
D0699
 
Fostamatinib
 
C23H26FN6O9P
 
11671467 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[94]
D0869
 
Ivacaftor
 
C24H28N2O3
 
16220172 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[108]
D0896
 
Larotrectinib
 
C21H22F2N6O2
 
46188928 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [46], [109]
D0899
 
Lefamulin
 
C28H45NO5S
 
25185057 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[110]
D1057
 
Miconazole
 
C18H14Cl4N2O
 
4189 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[119]
D1459
 
Selpercatinib
 
C29H31N7O3
 
134436906 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [127]
   CYP450 enzyme induction Drug Num:  25
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0204
 
Brigatinib
 
C29H39ClN7O2P
 
68165256 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[85]
D0406
 
Dabrafenib
 
C23H20F3N5O2S2
 
44462760 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [87]
D0545
 
Echinacea
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [90]
D0628
 
Etravirine
 
C20H15BrN6O
 
193962 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[93]
D0953
 
Lorlatinib
 
C21H19FN6O2
 
71731823 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[117]
D1302
 
Pitolisant
 
C17H26ClNO
 
9948102 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [124]
D1433
 
Rufinamide
 
C10H8F2N4O
 
129228 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [126]
D1493
 
Somapacitan
 
C54H95N13O20S2
 
129894493 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [46], [130]
D1495
 
Somatrem
 
C43H72N14O14
 
5487805 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [46], [131], [130]
D1546
 
Telotristat ethyl
 
C27H26ClF3N6O3
 
25181577 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [133]
D1128
 
Nevirapine
 
C15H14N4O
 
4463 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [46], [135], [136]
D1494
 
Somatotropin
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [46], [130]
D0255
 
Carbamazepine
 
C15H12N2O
 
2554 
Minor    Inter Info   
[137], [3], [46], [47], [138]
D0095
 
Apalutamide
 
C21H15F4N5O2S
 
24872560 
Minor    Inter Info   
[137], [3], [46], [47], [138]
D0106
 
Armodafinil
 
C15H15NO2S
 
9690109 
Minor    Inter Info   
[139], [140], [141], [142], [143]
D0578
 
Enzalutamide
 
C21H16F4N4O2S
 
15951529 
Minor    Inter Info   
[137], [3], [46], [47], [138]
D0697
 
Fosphenytoin
 
C16H15N2O6P
 
56339 
Minor    Inter Info   
[137], [3], [46], [47], [138]
D0901
 
Lemborexant
 
C22H20F2N4O2
 
56944144 
Minor    Inter Info   
[3], [47], [138]
D1081
 
Modafinil
 
C15H15NO2S
 
4236 
Minor    Inter Info   
[139], [140], [141], [142], [143]
D1265
 
Phenobarbital
 
C12H12N2O3
 
4763 
Minor    Inter Info   
[137], [3], [46], [47], [138]
D1340
 
Primidone
 
C12H14N2O2
 
4909 
Minor    Inter Info   
[137], [3], [46], [47], [138]
D1400
 
Rifampicin
 
C43H58N4O12
 
135398735 
Minor    Inter Info   
[3], [47], [138]
D1502
 
St. John's Wort
 
NA
 
NA
Minor    Inter Info   
[137], [3], [46], [47], [138]
D1078
 
Mitotane
 
C14H10Cl4
 
4211 
Minor    Inter Info   
[137], [3], [46], [47], [138]
D1283
 
Phenytoin
 
C15H12N2O2
 
1775 
Minor    Inter Info   
[137], [3], [46], [47], [138]
   Competitive inhibition of metabolic enzyme Drug Num:  3
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1476
 
Sirolimus
 
C51H79NO13
 
5284616 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[128], [129]
D1526
 
Tacrolimus
 
C44H69NO12
 
445643 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [35], [132], [128]
D1549
 
Temsirolimus
 
C56H87NO16
 
6918289 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[128], [129]
      Pharmacodynamic additive effects
   Additive hypotensive effects Drug Num:  125
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1596
 
Tizanidine
 
C9H8ClN5S
 
5487 
Major    Inter Info   
[8]
D0068
 
Amitriptyline
 
C20H23N
 
2160 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0072
 
Amoxapine
 
C17H16ClN3O
 
2170 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0143
 
Baclofen
 
C10H12ClNO2
 
2284 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0205
 
Brimonidine (ophthalmic)
 
C11H10BrN5
 
2435 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[48], [49], [50]
D0206
 
Brimonidine (topical)
 
C11H10BrN5
 
2435 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[48], [49], [50]
D0226
 
Butorphanol
 
C21H29NO2
 
5361092 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0228
 
Cabergoline
 
C26H37N5O2
 
54746 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0263
 
Carisoprodol
 
C12H24N2O4
 
2576 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0317
 
Chlordiazepoxide
 
C16H14ClN3O
 
2712 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0324
 
Chlorpromazine
 
C17H19ClN2S
 
2726 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D0327
 
Chlorzoxazone
 
C7H4ClNO2
 
2733 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0356
 
Clobazam
 
C16H13ClN2O2
 
2789 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0365
 
Clorazepic acid
 
C16H11ClN2O3
 
2809 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0370
 
Clozapine
 
C18H19ClN4
 
135398737 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D0459
 
Dexmedetomidine
 
C13H16N2
 
5311068 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [74], [75]
D0533
 
Dronabinol
 
C21H30O2
 
16078 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0037
 
Alimemazine
 
C18H22N2S
 
5574 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[65], [67], [69]
D0055
 
Amifostine
 
C5H15N2O3PS
 
2141 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[77], [78], [79]
D0067
 
Amisulpride
 
C17H27N3O4S
 
2159 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D0097
 
Apomorphine
 
C17H17NO2
 
6005 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[77], [80], [81]
D0098
 
Apraclonidine
 
C9H10Cl2N4
 
2216 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[48], [49], [50]
D0105
 
Aripiprazole
 
C23H27Cl2N3O2
 
60795 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D0112
 
Asenapine
 
C17H16ClNO
 
3036780 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D0128
 
Avanafil
 
C23H26ClN7O3
 
9869929 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[82], [83], [84]
D0161
 
Benzhydrocodone
 
C25H25NO4
 
49836084 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0202
 
Brexpiprazole
 
C25H27N3O2S
 
11978813 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D0220
 
Bupropion
 
C13H18ClNO
 
444 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0245
 
Canagliflozin
 
C24H25FO5S
 
24812758 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [46], [86]
D0262
 
Cariprazine
 
C21H32Cl2N4O
 
11154555 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D0311
 
Chloral hydrate
 
C2H3Cl3O2
 
2707 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0318
 
Chlormezanone
 
C11H12ClNO3S
 
2717 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0322
 
Chlorphenesin
 
C9H11ClO3
 
7697 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0361
 
Clomipramine
 
C19H23ClN2
 
2801 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0362
 
Clonazepam
 
C15H10ClN3O3
 
2802 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0418
 
Dapagliflozin
 
C21H25ClO6
 
9887712 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [46], [86]
D0446
 
Desipramine
 
C18H22N2
 
2995 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0471
 
Diamorphine
 
C21H23NO5
 
5462328 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0473
 
Diazepam
 
C16H13ClN2O
 
3016 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0475
 
Dichloralphenazone
 
C15H18Cl6N2O5
 
10188 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0498
 
Dimenhydrinate
 
C24H28ClN5O3
 
10660 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0502
 
Diphenhydramine
 
C17H21NO
 
3100 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0526
 
Doxepin (topical)
 
C19H21NO
 
667477 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0565
 
Empagliflozin
 
C23H27ClO7
 
11949646 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [46], [86]
D0586
 
Epoprostenol
 
C20H32O5
 
5282411 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [91], [92]
D0617
 
Ethanol
 
C2H6O
 
702 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0745
 
Guanfacine
 
C9H9Cl2N3O
 
3519 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[3], [46], [95]
D0748
 
Halazepam
 
C17H12ClF3N2O
 
31640 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0772
 
Hydrocodone
 
C18H21NO3
 
5284569 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0791
 
Iloperidone
 
C24H27FN2O4
 
71360 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D0792
 
Iloprost
 
C22H32O4
 
5311181 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [91], [92]
D0853
 
Isocarboxazid
 
C12H13N3O2
 
3759 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [78], [106], [107]
D0918
 
Levodopa
 
C9H11NO4
 
6047 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[77], [80], [111]
D0942
 
Lofexidine
 
C11H12Cl2N2O
 
30668 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [115], [116]
D0959
 
Lumateperone
 
C24H28FN3O
 
21302490 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D0961
 
Lurasidone
 
C28H36N4O2S
 
213046 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D0979
 
Maprotiline
 
C20H23N
 
4011 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0980
 
Maraviroc
 
C29H41F2N5O
 
3002977 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[118]
D1006
 
Mepyramine
 
C17H23N3O
 
4992 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D1010
 
Mesoridazine
 
C21H26N2OS2
 
4078 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D1019
 
Methdilazine
 
C18H20N2S
 
14677 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D1026
 
Methotrimeprazine
 
C19H24N2OS
 
72287 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D1084
 
Molindone
 
C16H24N2O2
 
23897 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D1148
 
Nitrous acid
 
HNO2
 
24529 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[120], [121], [122]
D1169
 
Oliceridine
 
C22H30N2O2S
 
66553195 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D1188
 
Orphenadrine
 
C18H23NO
 
4601 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D1197
 
Oxazepam
 
C15H11ClN2O2
 
4616 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D1211
 
Ozanimod
 
C23H24N4O3
 
52938427 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [78], [106], [107]
D1215
 
Paliperidone
 
C23H27FN4O3
 
115237 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D1224
 
Paraldehyde
 
C6H12O3
 
31264 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D1251
 
Pentoxifylline
 
C13H18N4O3
 
4740 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[123]
D1257
 
Perphenazine
 
C21H26ClN3OS
 
4748 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D1263
 
Phenelzine
 
C8H12N2
 
3675 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [78], [106], [107]
D1345
 
Procarbazine
 
C12H19N3O
 
4915 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [78], [106], [107]
D1352
 
Promethazine
 
C17H20N2S
 
4927 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D1355
 
Propiomazine
 
C20H24N2OS
 
4940 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D1367
 
Quazepam
 
C17H11ClF4N2S
 
4999 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D1368
 
Quetiapine
 
C21H25N3O2S
 
5002 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D1385
 
Rasagiline
 
C12H13N
 
3052776 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [78], [106], [107]
D1390
 
Remifentanil
 
C20H28N2O5
 
60815 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D1391
 
Remimazolam
 
C21H19BrN4O2
 
9867812 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D1408
 
Riociguat
 
C20H19FN8O2
 
11304743 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[125]
D1413
 
Risperidone
 
C23H27FN4O2
 
5073 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D1437
 
Safinamide
 
C17H19FN2O2
 
131682 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [78], [106], [107]
D1455
 
Selegiline
 
C13H17N
 
26757 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [78], [106], [107]
D1457
 
Selexipag
 
C26H32N4O4S
 
9913767 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [91], [92]
D1485
 
Sodium oxybate
 
C4H7NaO3
 
23663870 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D1560
 
Tetrabenazine
 
C19H27NO3
 
6018 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D1576
 
Thiothixene
 
C23H29N3O2S2
 
941651 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D1620
 
Tranylcypromine
 
C9H11N
 
19493 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [78], [106], [107]
D1632
 
Triazolam
 
C17H12Cl2N4
 
5556 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D1637
 
Trifluoperazine
 
C21H24F3N3S
 
5566 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D1647
 
Trimipramine
 
C20H26N2
 
5584 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D1682
 
Vardenafil
 
C23H32N6O4S
 
135400189 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[82], [83], [84]
D1716
 
Zaleplon
 
C17H15N5O
 
5719 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0618
 
Ethchlorvynol
 
C7H9ClO
 
5281077 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0678
 
Fluphenazine
 
C22H26F3N3OS
 
3372 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D0679
 
Flurazepam
 
C21H23ClFN3O
 
3393 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0750
 
Haloperidol
 
C21H23ClFNO2
 
3559 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D0781
 
Hydroxyzine
 
C21H27ClN2O2
 
3658 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0795
 
Imipramine
 
C19H24N2
 
3696 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0933
 
Linezolid
 
C16H20FN3O4
 
441401 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [78], [106], [107]
D0951
 
Lorazepam
 
C15H10Cl2N2O2
 
3958 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0957
 
Loxapine
 
C18H18ClN3O
 
3964 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D1005
 
Meprobamate
 
C9H18N2O4
 
4064 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D1014
 
Metaxalone
 
C12H15NO3
 
15459 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D1023
 
Methocarbamol
 
C11H15NO5
 
4107 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D1060
 
Midazolam
 
C18H13ClFN3
 
4192 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D1075
 
Mirtazapine
 
C17H19N3
 
4205 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D1096
 
Nabilone
 
C24H36O3
 
5284592 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D1158
 
Nortriptyline
 
C19H21N
 
4543 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D1166
 
Olanzapine
 
C17H20N4S
 
135398745 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D1346
 
Prochlorperazine
 
C20H24ClN3S
 
4917 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D1351
 
Promazine
 
C17H20N2S
 
4926 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D1465
 
Sildenafil
 
C22H30N6O4S
 
135398744 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[82], [83], [84]
D1547
 
Temazepam
 
C16H13ClN2O2
 
5391 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D1572
 
Thiethylperazine
 
C22H29N3S2
 
5440 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D1574
 
Thioridazine
 
C21H26N2S2
 
5452 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D1624
 
Trazodone
 
C19H22ClN5O
 
5533 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D1625
 
Treprostinil
 
C23H34O5
 
6918140 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [91], [92]
D1638
 
Triflupromazine
 
C18H19F3N2S
 
5568 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D1726
 
Ziprasidone
 
C21H21ClN4OS
 
60854 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71]
D1729
 
Zolpidem
 
C19H21N3O
 
5732 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0711
 
Garlic
 
NA
 
NA
Minor    Inter Info   
[144], [145]
D1527
 
Tadalafil
 
C22H19N3O4
 
110635 
Minor    Inter Info   
[146], [147]
   Increased risk of hyperkalemia Drug Num:  49
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0058
 
Amiloride
 
C6H8ClN7O
 
16231 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2]
D0059
 
Aminobenzoic acid
 
C7H7NO2
 
978 
Major    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1086
 
Monopotassium phosphate
 
H2KO4P
 
516951 
Major    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1316
 
Potassium acetate
 
C2H3KO2
 
517044 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2]
D1317
 
Potassium bicarbonate
 
CHKO3
 
516893 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2]
D1318
 
Potassium chloride
 
ClK
 
4873 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2]
D1319
 
Potassium citrate
 
C6H5K3O7
 
13344 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2]
D1320
 
Potassium gluconate
 
C6H11KO7
 
16760467 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2]
D1321
 
Potassium Iodide
 
IK
 
4875 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2]
D1322
 
Potassium perchlorate
 
ClKO4
 
516900 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2]
D1501
 
Spironolactone
 
C24H32O4S
 
5833 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2]
D1631
 
Triamterene
 
C12H11N7
 
5546 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2]
D1645
 
Trimethoprim
 
C14H18N4O3
 
5578 
Major    Inter Info   
[9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [1], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42]
D0156
 
Benazepril
 
C24H28N2O5
 
5362124 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0402
 
Cyclosporine
 
C62H111N11O12
 
5284373 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1], [72], [73], [35]
D0567
 
Enalapril
 
C20H28N2O5
 
5388962 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0017
 
Acetylsalicylic acid
 
C9H8O4
 
2244 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[52], [51], [59]
D0138
 
Azilsartan medoxomil
 
C30H24N4O8
 
135409642 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0210
 
Bromfenac
 
C15H12BrNO3
 
60726 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D0254
 
Captopril
 
C9H15NO3S
 
44093 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0331
 
Choline salicylate
 
C12H19NO4
 
54686350 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D0489
 
Diflunisal
 
C13H8F2O3
 
3059 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D0587
 
Eprosartan
 
C23H24N2O4S
 
5281037 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0624
 
Etodolac
 
C17H21NO3
 
3308 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D0680
 
Flurbiprofen
 
C15H13FO2
 
3394 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D0786
 
Ibuprofen
 
C13H18O2
 
3672 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D0844
 
Irbesartan
 
C25H28N6O
 
3749 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0881
 
Ketoprofen
 
C16H14O3
 
3825 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D0938
 
Lisinopril
 
C21H31N3O5
 
5362119 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0988
 
Meclofenamic acid
 
C14H11Cl2NO2
 
4037 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[52], [51], [59]
D0991
 
Mefenamic acid
 
C15H15NO2
 
4044 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D0995
 
Meloxicam
 
C14H13N3O4S2
 
54677470 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D1109
 
Naproxen
 
C14H14O3
 
156391 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D1196
 
Oxaprozin
 
C18H15NO3
 
4614 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D1256
 
Perindopril
 
C19H32N2O5
 
107807 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1272
 
Phenyl salicylate
 
C13H10O3
 
8361 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[52], [51], [59]
D1274
 
Phenylbutazone
 
C19H20N2O2
 
4781 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D1369
 
Quinapril
 
C25H30N2O5
 
54892 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1439
 
Salicylic acid (sodium)
 
C7H6O3
 
338 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[52], [51], [59]
D1442
 
Salsalate
 
C14H10O5
 
5161 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D1545
 
Telmisartan
 
C33H30N4O2
 
65999 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1608
 
Tolvaptan
 
C26H25ClN2O3
 
216237 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[134]
D0695
 
Fosinopril
 
C30H46NO7P
 
55891 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0954
 
Losartan
 
C22H23ClN6O
 
3961 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1082
 
Moexipril
 
C27H34N2O7
 
91270 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1170
 
Olmesartan
 
C24H26N6O3
 
158781 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1379
 
Ramipril
 
C23H32N2O5
 
5362129 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1618
 
Trandolapril
 
C24H34N2O5
 
5484727 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1679
 
Valsartan
 
C24H29N5O3
 
60846 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
      Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
   Antagonize the effect of antihypertensive agents Drug Num:  24
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0172
 
Betamethasone
 
C22H29FO5
 
9782 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [47]
D0298
 
Celecoxib
 
C17H14F3N3O2S
 
2662 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D0476
 
Diclofenac
 
C14H11Cl2NO2
 
3033 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D0215
 
Budesonide
 
C25H34O6
 
5281004 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [47]
D0392
 
Corticotropin
 
C207H308N56O58S
 
16132265 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [47]
D0436
 
Deflazacort
 
C25H31NO6
 
189821 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [47]
D0453
 
Dexamethasone
 
C22H29FO5
 
5743 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [47]
D0773
 
Hydrocortisone
 
C21H30O5
 
5754 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [47]
D0926
 
Licorice
 
C42H62O16Zn
 
163463 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[112], [113], [114]
D1041
 
Methylprednisolone
 
C22H30O5
 
6741 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [47]
D1332
 
Prednisolone
 
C21H28O5
 
5755 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [47]
D1563
 
Tetracosactide
 
C136H210N40O31S
 
16133802 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [47]
D0645
 
Fenoprofen
 
C15H14O3
 
3342 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D0671
 
Fludrocortisone
 
C21H29FO5
 
31378 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [47]
D0800
 
Indomethacin
 
C19H16ClNO4
 
3715 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D0882
 
Ketorolac
 
C15H13NO3
 
3826 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D1097
 
Nabumetone
 
C15H16O2
 
4409 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D1300
 
Piroxicam
 
C15H13N3O4S
 
54676228 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D1334
 
Prednisone
 
C21H26O5
 
5865 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [47]
D1421
 
Rofecoxib
 
C17H14O4S
 
5090 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D1520
 
Sulindac
 
C20H17FO3S
 
1548887 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D1606
 
Tolmetin
 
C15H15NO3
 
5509 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
D1628
 
Triamcinolone
 
C21H27FO6
 
31307 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[46], [47]
D1674
 
Valdecoxib
 
C16H14N2O3S
 
119607 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [2], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
References
1 Marcy TR, Ripley TL "Aldosterone antagonists in the treatment of heart failure." Am J Health Syst Pharm 63 (2006): 49-58. [PMID: 16373465]
2 Product Information. Inspra (eplerenone). Searle, Chicago, IL.
3 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
4 Product Information. Sporanox (itraconazole). Janssen Pharmaceutica, Titusville, NJ.
5 He K, Woolf TF, Hollenberg PF "Mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P-450-3A4 by mifepristone (RU486)." J Pharmacol Exp Ther 288 (1999): 791-7. [PMID: 9918590]
6 Product Information. Korlym (mifepristone). Corcept Therapeutics Incorporated, Menlo Park, CA.
7 Product Information. Mifeprex (mifepristone) Danco Laboratories, New York, NY.
8 Product Information. Zanaflex (tizanidine). Acorda Therapeutics, Hawthorne, NY.
9 Canaday DH, Johnson JR "Hyperkalemia in elderly patients receiving standard doses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole." Ann Intern Med 120 (1994): 438. [PMID: 8304666]
10 Witt JM, Koo JM, Danielson BD "Effect of standard-dose trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole on the serum potassium concentration in elderly men." Ann Pharmacother 30 (1996): 347-50. [PMID: 8729886]
11 Alappan R, Perazella MA, Buller GK "Hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole." Ann Intern Med 124 (1996): 316-20. [PMID: 8554227]
12 Perlmutter EP, Sweeney D, Herskovits G, Kleiner M "Case report: severe hyperkalemia in a geriatric patient receiving standard doses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole." Am J Med Sci 311 (1996): 84-5. [PMID: 8615380]
13 Perazella MA, Mahnensmith RL "Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: hyperkalemia is an important complication regardless of dose." Clin Nephrol 46 (1996): 187-92. [PMID: 8879854]
14 Marinella MA "Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole associated with hyperkalemia." West J Med 167 (1997): 356-8. [PMID: 9392994]
15 Hsu I, Wordell CJ "Hyperkalemia and high-dose trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole." Ann Pharmacother 29 (1995): 427-9. [PMID: 7633023]
16 Antoniou T, Gomes T, Juurlink DN, Loutfy MR, Glazier RH, Mamdani MM "Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced hyperkalemia in patients receiving inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system: a population-based study." Arch Intern Med 170 (2010): 1045-9. [PMID: 20585070]
17 Velazquez H, Perazella MA, Wright FS, Ellison DH "Renal mechanism of trimethoprim-induced hyperkalemia." Ann Intern Med 119 (1993): 296-301. [PMID: 8328738]
18 Marinella MA "Reversible hyperkalemia associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole." Am J Med Sci 310 (1995): 115-7. [PMID: 7668307]
19 Choi MJ, Fernandez PC, Patnaik A, Coupaye-Gerard B, D'Andrea D, Szerlip H, Kleyman TR "Brief report: trimethoprim-induced hyperkalemia in a patient with AIDS." N Engl J Med 328 (1993): 703-6. [PMID: 8433730]
20 Lin SH, Kuo AA, Yu FC, Lin YF "Reversible voltage-dependent distal renal tubular acidosis in a patient receiving standaard doses of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole." Nephrol Dial Transplant 12 (1997): 1031-33. [PMID: 9175064]
21 Thomas RJ "Severe hyperkalemia with trimethoprim-quinapril." Ann Pharmacother 30 (1996): 413-4. [PMID: 8729901]
22 Marinella MA "Severe hyperkalemia associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and spironolactone." Infect Dis Clin Pract 6 (1997): 256-8.
23 Lawson DH, O'Connor PC, Jick H "Drug attributed alterations in potassium handling in congestive cardiac failure." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 23 (1982): 21-5. [PMID: 7128669]
24 Lawson DH "Adverse reactions to potassium chloride." Q J Med 43 (1974): 433-40. [PMID: 4424028]
25 Perazella MA, Alappan R, Buller GK "Hyperkalemia and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole." Ann Intern Med 125 (1996): 1015. [PMID: 8929019]
26 Noto H, Kaneko Y, Takano T, Kurokawa K "Severe hyponatremia and hyperkalemia induced by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia." Intern Med 34 (1995): 96-9. [PMID: 7727887]
27 Greenberg S, Reiser IW, Chou SY, Porush JG. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole induces reversible hyperkalemia.?Ann Intern Med. 1993;119(4):291-295. [PMID: 8328737]
28 Mihm LB, Rathbun RC, Resmantargoff BH "Hyperkalemia associated with high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome." Pharmacotherapy 15 (1995): 793-7. [PMID: 8602391]
29 Product Information. Bactrim (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
30 Mori H, Kuroda Y, Imamura S, et al "Hyponatremia and/or hyperkalemia in patients treated with the standard dose of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole." Intern Med 42 (2003): 665-9. [PMID: 12924488]
31 Lee SW, Park SW, Kang JM "Intraoperative hyperkalemia induced by administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a patient receiving angiotensin receptor blockers." J Clin Anesth 26 (2014): 427-8. [PMID: 25128254]
32 Perazella MA, Mahnensmith RL "Hyperkalemia in the elderly: drugs exacerbate impaired potassium homeostasis." J Gen Intern Med 12 (1997): 646-56. [PMID: 9346463]
33 Martin J, Mourton S, Nicholls G "Severe hyperkalaemia with prescription of potassium-retaining agents in an elderly patient." N Z Med J 116 (2003): U542. [PMID: 14513088]
34 Modest GA, Price B, Mascoli N "Hyperkalemia in elderly patients receiving standard doses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole." Ann Intern Med 120 (1994): 437. [PMID: 8304664]
35 Perazella MA "Drug-induced hyperkalemia: old culprits and new offenders." Am J Med 109 (2000): 307-14. [PMID: 10996582]
36 Koc M, Bihorac A, Ozener CI, Kantarci G, Akoglu E "Severe hyperkalemia in two renal transplant recipients treated with standard dose of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole." Am J Kidney Dis 36 (2000): u59-64. [PMID: 10977811]
37 Bugge JF "Severe hyperkalaemia induced by trimethoprim in combination with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in a patient with transplanted lungs." J Intern Med 240 (1996): 249-51. [PMID: 8918517]
38 Smith GW, Cohen SB "Hyperkalaemia and non-oliguric renal failure associated with trimethoprim." Br Med J 308 (1994): 454. [PMID: 8124180]
39 Eiam-Ong S, Kurtzman NA, Sabatini S "Studies on the mechanism of trimethoprim-induced hyperkalemia." Kidney Int 49 (1996): 1372-8. [PMID: 8731102]
40 Fouche R, Bernardin G, Roger PM, Corcelle P, Simler JM, Mattei M "Hyperkaliemia in a patient given high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole." Presse Med 25 (1996): 2044. [PMID: 9082385]
41 Pennypacker LC, Mintzer J, Pitner J "Hyperkalemia in elderly patients receiving standard doses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole." Ann Intern Med 120 (1994): 437. [PMID: 8304665]
42 Greenberg S, Reiser IW, Chou SY "Hyperkalemia with high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy." Am J Kidney Dis 22 (1993): 603-6. [PMID: 8213804]
43 Ellison JM, Milofsky JE, Ely E "Fluoxetine-induced bradycardia and syncope in two patients." J Clin Psychiatry 51 (1990): 385-6. [PMID: 2211552]
44 Feder R "Bradycardia and syncope induced by fluoxetine." J Clin Psychiatry 52 (1991): 139. [PMID: 2005082]
45 Sternbach H "Fluoxetine-associated potentiation of calcium-channel blockers." J Clin Psychopharmacol 11 (1991): 390-1. [PMID: 1770159]
46 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
47 Multum Information Services, Inc. Expert Review Panel.
48 Product Information. Alphagan (brimonidine ophthalmic). Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA.
49 Product Information. Mirvaso (brimonidine topical). Galderma Laboratories Inc, Cranbury, NJ.
50 Walters TR "Development and use of brimonidine in treating acute and chronic elevations of intraocular pressure: a review of safety, efficacy, dose response, and dosing studies." Surv Ophthalmol 41 ( Suppl (1996): s19-26
51 Abdel-Haq B, Magagna A, Favilla S, Salvetti A "Hemodynamic and humoral interactions between perindopril and indomethacin in essential hypertensive subjects." J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 18 (1991): s33-6. [PMID: 1725198]
52 Radack KL, Deck CC, Bloomfield SS "Ibuprofen interferes with the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ibuprofen compared with acetaminophen." Ann Intern Med 107 (1987): 628-35. [PMID: 2889416]
53 Ahmad S "Indomethacin-enalapril interaction: an alert." South Med J 84 (1991): 411-2. [PMID: 2000541]
54 Silberbauer K, Stanek B, Templ H "Acute hypotensive effect of captopril in man modified by prostaglandin synthesis inhibition." Br J Clin Pharmacol 14 (1982): s87-93. [PMID: 6753910]
55 Allon M, Pasque CB, Rodriguez M "Interaction of captopril and ibuprofen on glomerular and tubular function in humans." Am J Physiol 259 (1990): f233-8. [PMID: 2201204]
56 Morgan T, Anderson A "Interaction of indomethacin with felodipine and enalapril." J Hypertens 11 (1993): S338-9. [PMID: 8158412]
57 Townend JN, Doran J, Lote CJ, Davies MK "Peripheral haemodynamic effects of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in congestive heart failure and interactions with captopril." Br Heart J 73 (1995): 434-41. [PMID: 7786658]
58 Polonia J, Boaventura I, Gama G, Camoes I, Bernardo F, Andrade P, Nunes JP, Brandao F, Cerqueiragomes M "Influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on renal function and 24h ambulatory blood pressure-reducing effects of enalapril and nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system in hypertensive patients." J Hypertens 13 (1995): 925-31. [PMID: 8557971]
59 Moore TJ, Crantz FR, Hollenberg NK "Contribution of prostaglandins to the antihypertensive action of captopril in essential hypertension." Hypertension 3 (1981): 168-73. [PMID: 6260645]
60 Seto S, Aoi W, Iwami K, et al "Effect of propranolol and indomethacin on the depressor action of captopril in patients with essential hypertension." Clin Exp Hypertens 9 (1987): 623-7. [PMID: 3301085]
61 Aronowitz JS, Chakos MH, Safferman AZ, Lieberman JA "Syncope associated with the combination of clozapine and enalapril." J Clin Psychopharmacol 14 (1994): 429-30. [PMID: 7884028]
62 Fruncillo R, Gibbons W, Vlasses P, Ferguson R "Severe hypotension associated with concurrent clonidine and antipsychotic medication." Am J Psychiatry 142 (1985): 274. [PMID: 2857531]
63 Markowitz JS, Wells BG, Carson WH "Interactions between antipsychotic and antihypertensive drugs." Ann Pharmacother 29 (1995): 603-9. [PMID: 7663034]
64 Product Information. Abilify (aripiprazole). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
65 Product Information. Clozaril (clozapine). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
66 Product Information. Geodon (ziprasidone). Pfizer US Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
67 Product Information. Rexulti (brexpiprazole). Otsuka American Pharmaceuticals Inc, Rockville, MD.
68 Product Information. Risperdal (risperidone). Janssen Pharmaceutica, Titusville, NJ.
69 Product Information. Seroquel (quetiapine). Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
70 Product Information. Zyprexa (olanzapine). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
71 White WB "Hypotension with postural syncope secondary to the combination of chlorpromazine and captopril." Arch Intern Med 146 (1986): 1833-4. [PMID: 3530167]
72 Product Information. Neoral Oral Solution (cyclosporine). Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ.
73 Product Information. Neoral Soft Gelatin Capsules (cyclosporine). Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ.
74 EMEA. European Medicines Agency "EPARs. European Union Public Assessment Reports.".
75 Product Information. Precedex (dexmedetomidine) Abbott Pharmaceutical, Abbott Park, IL.
76 Product Information. Xeglyze (abametapir topical). Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
77 Bailey DG, Dresser GK "Natural products and adverse drug interactions." Can Med Assoc J 170 (2004): 1531-2. [PMID: 15136542]
78 Product Information. Xatral (alfuzosin). Sanofi-Synthelabo Canada Inc, Markham, ON.
79 Product Information. Ethyol (amifostine). Alza, Palo Alto, CA.
80 Ho PC, Ghose K, Saville D, Wanwimolruk S "Effect of grapefruit juice on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of verapamil enantiomers in healthy volunteers." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 56 (2000): 693-8. [PMID: 11214778]
81 Product Information. Apokyn (apomorphine). Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc, Morgantown, WV.
82 Product Information. Levitra (vardenafil). Bayer, West Haven, CT.
83 Product Information. Stendra (avanafil). Vivus Inc, Mountain View, CA.
84 Product Information. Viagra (sildenafil). Pfizer US Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
85 Product Information. Alunbrig (brigatinib). Ariad Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
86 Product Information. Jardiance (empagliflozin). Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT.
87 Product Information. Tafinlar (dabrafenib). GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
88 Product Information. Exjade (deferasirox). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
89 Skerjanec A, Wang J, Maren K, Rojkjaer L "Investigation of the pharmacokinetic interactions of deferasirox, a once-daily oral iron chelator, with midazolam, rifampin, and repaglinide in healthy volunteers." J Clin Pharmacol 50 (2010): 205-13. [PMID: 19940232]
90 Gorski JC, Huang SM, Pinto A, et al. "The effect of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome P450 activity in vivo." Clin Pharmacol Ther 75 (2004): 89-100. [PMID: 14749695]
91 Product Information. Flolan (epoprostenol). Glaxo Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC.
92 Product Information. Remodulin (treprostinil). United Therapeutics Corp, Silver Spring, MD.
93 Product Information. Intelence (etravirine). Ortho Biotech Inc, Bridgewater, NJ.
94 Product Information. Tavalisse (fostamatinib). Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA.
95 Product Information. Tenex (guanfacine). Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
96 Ban TA "Drug interactions with psychoactive drugs." Dis Nerv Syst 36 (1975): 164-6. [PMID: 1116424]
97 De Vita VT, Hahn MA, Oliverio VT "Monoamine oxidase inhibition by a new carcinostatic agent, n-isopropyl-a-(2-methylhydrazino)-p-toluamide (MIH). (30590)." Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 120 (1965): 561-5. [PMID: 4379192]
98 Goldberg LI "Monoamine oxidase inhibitors: adverse reactions and possible mechanisms." JAMA 190 (1964): 456-62. [PMID: 14197995]
99 Golwyn DH, Sevlie CP "Monoamine oxidase inhibitor hypertensive crisis headache and orthostatic hypotension." J Clin Psychopharmacol 13 (1993): 77-8. [PMID: 8486823]
100 Kronig MH, Roose SP, Walsh BT, Woodring S, Glassman AH "Blood pressure effects of phenelzine." J Clin Psychopharmacol 3 (1983): 307-10. [PMID: 6630590]
101 Pettinger WA, Soyangco FG, Oates JA "Inhibition of monoamine oxidase in man by furazolidone." Clin Pharmacol Ther 9 (1968): 442-7. [PMID: 5655478]
102 Product Information. Marplan (isocarboxazid) Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
103 Product Information. Matulane (procarbazine). Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
104 Product Information. Nardil (phenelzine). Parke-Dvis, Morris Plains, NJ.
105 Product Information. Parnate (tranylcypromine). SmithKline Beecham, Philadelphia, PA.
106 Reggev A, Vollhardt BR "Bradycardia induced by an interaction between phenelzine and beta blockers." Psychosomatics 30 (1992): 106-8. [PMID: 2913594]
107 Schulz R, Antonin KH, Hoffmann E, et al "Tyramine kinetics and pressor sensitivity during monoamine oxidase inhibition by selegiline." Clin Pharmacol Ther 46 (1989): 528-36. [PMID: 2510962]
108 Product Information. Kalydeco (ivacaftor). Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
109 Product Information. Vitrakvi (larotrectinib). Bayer Pharmaceutical Inc, West Haven, CT.
110 Product Information. Xenleta (lefamulin). Nabriva Therapeutics US, Inc., King of Prussia, PA.
111 Product Information. Stalevo 150 (carbidopa/entacapone/levodopa). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
112 Stewart PM, Wallace AM, Valentino R, Burt D, Shackleton CH, Edwards CR "Mineralocorticoid activity of liquorice: 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency comes of age." Lancet 2 (1987): 821-4. [PMID: 2889032]
113 Cumming AM "Metabolic effects of licorice." Br Med J 1 (1977): 906
114 Epstein MT, Espiner EA, Donald RA, Hughes H "Effect of eating liquorice on the renin-angiotensin aldosterone axis in normal subjects." Br Med J 1 (1977): 488-90
115 Product Information. Lucemyra (lofexidine). US WorldMeds LLC, Louisville , KY.
116 Warrington SJ, Ankier SI, Turner P "Evaluation of possible interactions between ethanol and trazodone or amitriptyline." Neuropsychobiology 15 (1986): 31-7. [PMID: 3725002]
117 Product Information. Lorbrena (lorlatinib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
118 Product Information. Selzentry (maraviroc). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
119 Product Information. ORAVIG (miconazole). Strativa Pharmaceuticals, a Division of Par Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Woodcliff Lake, NJ.
120 Fuhr U, Maier-Bruggemann A, Blume H, et al. "Grapefruit juice increases oral nimodipine bioavailability." Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 36 (1998): 126-32. [PMID: 9562227]
121 Gunston GD, Mehta U "Potentially serious drug interactions with grapefruit juice." S Afr Med J 90 (2000): 41. [PMID: 10721388]
122 Product Information. Sodium Nitrite (sodium nitrite). Hope Pharmaceuticals, Scottsdale, AZ.
123 Product Information. Trental (pentoxifylline). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
124 Product Information. Wakix (pitolisant). Harmony Biosciences, LLC, Plymouth Meeting, PA.
125 Product Information. Adempas (riociguat). Bayer Pharmaceutical Inc, West Haven, CT.
126 Product Information. Banzel (rufinamide). Eisai Inc, Teaneck, NJ.
127 Product Information. Retevmo (selpercatinib). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
128 Product Information. Prograf (tacrolimus). Fujisawa, Deerfield, IL.
129 Product Information. Rapamune (sirolimus) Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
130 Product Information. Zorbtive (somatropin). Serono Laboratories Inc, Rockland, MA.
131 Product Information. Humatrope (somatropin). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
132 Product Information. Midamor (amiloride). Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
133 Product Information. Xermelo (telotristat ethyl). Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., The Woodlands, TX.
134 Product Information. Samsca (tolvaptan). Otsuka American Pharmaceuticals Inc, Rockville, MD.
135 Product Information. Viramune (nevirapine). Boehringer-Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT.
136 Product Information. Viramune XR (nevirapine). Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT.
137 Agencia Espaola de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios Healthcare "Centro de informacion online de medicamentos de la AEMPS - CIMA.".
138 Product Information. Casodex (bicalutamide). Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
139 Doherty MM, Charman WN "The mucosa of the small intestine: how clinically relevant as an organ of drug metabolism?" Clin Pharmacokinet 41 (2002): 235-53. [PMID: 11978143]
140 Product Information. Nuvigil (armodafinil). Cephalon Inc, West Chester, PA.
141 Product Information. Provigil (modafinil). Cephalon, Inc, West Chester, PA.
142 Robertson P Jr, Hellriegel ET, Arora S, Nelson M "Effect of modafinil on the pharmacokinetics of ethinyl estradiol and triazolam in healthy volunteers." Clin Pharmacol Ther 71 (2002): 46-56. [PMID: 11823757]
143 Robertson P, Decory HH, Madan A, Parkinson A "In vitro inhibition and induction of human hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes by modafinil." Drug Metab Dispos 28 (2000): 664-71. [PMID: 10820139]
144 Tattelman E "Health effects of garlic." Am Fam Physician 72 (2005): 103-6
145 Richard CL, Jurgens TM "Effects of natural health products on blood pressure." Ann Pharmacother 39 (2005): 712-20
146 Product Information. Cialis (tadalafil). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
147 Product Information. Rapaflo (silodosin). Watson Pharmaceuticals, Corona, CA.