Drug General Information (ID: D0367)
  Drug Name
Clotrimazole
  Drug Type Small molecule
  Drug Synonymous
Canesten; Canestene; Canestine; Canifug; Chlotrimazole; Cimitidine; Clomatin; Clotrimaderm; Clotrimazol; Clotrimazolum; Clotrimeizol; Cutistad; Empecid; Esparol; FemCare; Gynix; Kanesten; Klotrimazole; Lotrimax; Lotrimin; Monobaycuten; Mycelax; Mycelex; Mycofug; Mycosporin; Mykosporin; Nalbix; Pedisafe; Rimazole; Stiemazol; Tibatin; Trimysten; Canesten Cream; Canesten Solution; Clotrimazole Schering Brand; Desamix F; Fem Care; Gyne lotrimin; Lotrimin AF Cream; Lotrimin AF Lotion; Lotrimin AF Solution; Lotrimin Af; Lotrimin Cream; Lotrimin Lotion; Lotrimin Solution; Mycelex Cream; Mycelex G; Mycelex OTC; Mycelex Solution; Mycelex Troches; Mycelex Twin Pack; Myclo Cream; Myclo Solution; Myclo Spray Solution; Schering Brand of Clotrimazole; B 5097; Bay b 9057; Bayer Brand 1 of Clotrimazole; Bayer Brand 2 of Clotrimazole; C 6019; FB 5097; FB b 5097; Mycelex 7; Trivagizole 3; Bay-B 5097; Candid Vaginal (TN); Candinil (TN); Canesten (TN); Canesten 1-Day Therapy; Canesten 3-Day Therapy; Canesten 6-Day Therapy; Clobrate VT (TN); Clotrimazol [INN-Spanish]; Clotrimazolum [INN-Latin]; DRG-0072; Gino-Lotremine; Gyne-Lotrimin; Gyne-Lotrimin 3; Gyne-Lotrimin 3 Combination Pack; Gyne-Lotrimin Combination Pack; Lotrimin (TN); Lotrimin AF Jock-Itch Cream; Mono-baycuten; Mycelex (TN); Mycelex-7; Mycelex-7 Combination Pack; Mycelex-G; Mycelex: MycosporinRimazole; Myclo-Gyne; Neo-Zol Cream; Pan-Fungex; Cancap-VT (TN); Candid - V Gel (TN); Canesten 1-Day Cream Combi-Pak; Canesten Combi-Pak 1-Day Therapy; Canesten Combi-Pak 3-Day Therapy; Clotrimazole (JP15/USP/INN); Clotrimazole [USAN:INN:BAN:JAN]; (Chlorotrityl)imidazole; 1-(o-Chlorotrityl)imidazole
    Click to Show/Hide
  Disease Class 1F29-1F2F: Fungal infection
  Therapeutic Class Antifungal Agents
  Structure Could Not Find 2D Structure
3D Structure 2D Structure
  Formula C22H17ClN2
  InChI 1S/C22H17ClN2/c23-21-14-8-7-13-20(21)22(25-16-15-24-17-25,18-9-3-1-4-10-18)19-11-5-2-6-12-19/h1-17H
  InChIKey VNFPBHJOKIVQEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  Canonical SMILES C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)(C3=CC=CC=C3Cl)N4C=CN=C4
  External Link
Pubchem ID 2812
CAS Number 23593-75-1
CHEBI ID 3764
TTD ID D09GOS
INTEDE ID DR0362
VARIDT ID DR00574

Drug-Drug Interaction Network
  Sunburst Graph
AM002  Affected cellular transport
AM004  Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
AM006  Pharmacodynamic additive effects
AM007  Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
BM010  Transporter inhibition
BM017  CYP450 enzyme inhibition
BM038  Additive CNS depression effects
BM055  Increased risk of hepatotoxicity
BM107  Attenuated pharmacological effects (Unspecific)
  Relation Graph
 Full list of drugs interacting with Clotrimazole
      Affected cellular transport
   Transporter inhibition Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0656
 
Fexofenadine
 
C32H39NO4
 
3348 
Minor    Inter Info   
[416], [417]
      Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
   CYP450 enzyme inhibition Drug Num:  201
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0035
 
Alfentanil
 
C21H32N6O3
 
51263 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14]
D0066
 
Amiodarone
 
C25H29I2NO3
 
2157 
Major    Inter Info   
[15], [16], [17]
D0115
 
Astemizole
 
C28H31FN4O
 
2247 
Major    Inter Info   
[18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42]
D0161
 
Benzhydrocodone
 
C25H25NO4
 
49836084 
Major    Inter Info   
[43], [44], [45]
D0202
 
Brexpiprazole
 
C25H27N3O2S
 
11978813 
Major    Inter Info   
[46]
D0226
 
Butorphanol
 
C21H29NO2
 
5361092 
Major    Inter Info   
[47]
D0559
 
Eliglustat
 
C23H36N2O4
 
23652731 
Major    Inter Info   
[48]
D0585
 
Eplerenone
 
C24H30O6
 
443872 
Major    Inter Info   
[49]
D0646
 
Fentanyl
 
C22H28N2O
 
3345 
Major    Inter Info   
[20], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [13]
D0749
 
Halofantrine
 
C26H30Cl2F3NO
 
37393 
Major    Inter Info   
[55], [56], [57], [58], [59]
D0772
 
Hydrocodone
 
C18H21NO3
 
5284569 
Major    Inter Info   
[43], [44]
D0868
 
Ivabradine
 
C27H36N2O5
 
132999 
Major    Inter Info   
[60], [61], [62]
D0901
 
Lemborexant
 
C22H20F2N4O2
 
56944144 
Major    Inter Info   
[20], [66]
D0909
 
Levacetylmethadol
 
C23H31NO2
 
15130 
Major    Inter Info   
[67], [68]
D0946
 
Lonafarnib
 
C27H31Br2ClN4O2
 
148195 
Major    Inter Info   
[68]
D1124
 
Neratinib
 
C30H29ClN6O3
 
9915743 
Major    Inter Info   
[71], [20], [72]
D1203
 
Oxycodone
 
C18H21NO4
 
5284603 
Major    Inter Info   
[20], [60], [73]
D1476
 
Sirolimus
 
C51H79NO13
 
5284616 
Major    Inter Info   
[75], [76], [77]
D1496
 
Sonidegib
 
C26H26F3N3O3
 
24775005 
Major    Inter Info   
[78]
D1526
 
Tacrolimus
 
C44H69NO12
 
445643 
Major    Inter Info   
[75], [76], [77]
D1555
 
Terfenadine
 
C32H41NO2
 
5405 
Major    Inter Info   
[18], [19], [79], [20], [80], [22], [81], [25], [82], [83], [84], [85], [86], [87], [88], [89], [90], [26], [27], [29], [30], [91], [31], [32], [34], [37], [40], [42], [92], [93], [94]
D1383
 
Ranolazine
 
C24H33N3O4
 
56959 
Major    Inter Info   
[96]
D0193
 
Bortezomib
 
C19H25BN4O4
 
387447 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[108], [109], [110]
D0308
 
Cevimeline
 
C10H17NOS
 
83898 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[111]
D0006
 
Abemaciclib
 
C27H32F2N8
 
46220502 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[112]
D0008
 
Acalabrutinib
 
C26H23N7O2
 
71226662 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[113], [114]
D0036
 
Alfuzosin
 
C19H27N5O4
 
2092 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[115]
D0038
 
Aliskiren
 
C30H53N3O6
 
5493444 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[63], [60], [116], [117]
D0045
 
Alprazolam
 
C17H13ClN4
 
2118 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[118], [119], [120], [121], [22], [122], [123], [124], [125], [126], [127], [128], [129], [130], [131], [132], [133], [134], [135], [136], [137]
D0069
 
Amlodipine
 
C20H25ClN2O5
 
2162 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[138], [139], [140], [30], [141], [142], [143], [144]
D0096
 
Apixaban
 
C25H25N5O4
 
10182969 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [145], [114]
D0100
 
Aprepitant
 
C23H21F7N4O3
 
135413536 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[146], [147]
D0105
 
Aripiprazole
 
C23H27Cl2N3O2
 
60795 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[148]
D0116
 
Atazanavir
 
C38H52N6O7
 
148192 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[149]
D0120
 
Atorvastatin
 
C33H35FN2O5
 
60823 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [150], [151], [152], [153], [154], [155], [156], [157], [158], [159], [126]
D0129
 
Avapritinib
 
C26H27FN10
 
118023034 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [160]
D0133
 
Axitinib
 
C22H18N4OS
 
6450551 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [161]
D0170
 
Bepridil
 
C24H34N2O
 
2351 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[138], [139], [140], [30], [141], [142], [143], [144]
D0192
 
Boceprevir
 
C27H45N5O5
 
10324367 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[163], [164]
D0194
 
Bosentan
 
C27H29N5O6S
 
104865 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[165]
D0195
 
Bosutinib
 
C26H29Cl2N5O3
 
5328940 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [166]
D0204
 
Brigatinib
 
C29H39ClN7O2P
 
68165256 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[20], [60], [168]
D0215
 
Budesonide
 
C25H34O6
 
5281004 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[169], [20], [60], [170], [171], [172], [173], [174], [175], [176], [177], [178], [163], [164], [179], [180]
D0216
 
Budesonide (nasal)
 
C25H34O6
 
5281004 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[169], [20], [60]
D0219
 
Buprenorphine
 
C29H41NO4
 
644073 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[181]
D0227
 
Cabazitaxel
 
C45H57NO14
 
9854073 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[182]
D0230
 
Cabozantinib
 
C28H24FN3O5
 
25102847 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[183]
D0262
 
Cariprazine
 
C21H32Cl2N4O
 
11154555 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [185]
D0302
 
Ceritinib
 
C28H36ClN5O3S
 
57379345 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[186]
D0303
 
Cerivastatin
 
C26H34FNO5
 
446156 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [150], [151], [152], [153], [154], [155], [156], [157], [158], [159], [126]
D0336
 
Cilostazol
 
C20H27N5O2
 
2754 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[187], [188], [189], [190], [191], [192], [193], [194], [195]
D0342
 
Cisapride
 
C23H29ClFN3O4
 
6917698 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[196], [197], [198], [22], [199], [200], [201], [27], [126], [202]
D0375
 
Cobicistat
 
C40H53N7O5S2
 
25151504 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[204]
D0376
 
Cobimetinib
 
C21H21F3IN3O2
 
16222096 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[205]
D0387
 
Conjugated estrogens
 
C18H21NaO5S
 
45357473 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[206], [207], [208], [32], [209], [210]
D0388
 
Conjugated estrogens (topical)
 
C18H21NaO5S
 
45357473 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[207], [208], [210]
D0389
 
Copanlisib
 
C23H28N8O4
 
135565596 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[211]
D0393
 
Crizotinib
 
C21H22Cl2FN5O
 
11626560 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[212]
D0408
 
Daclatasvir
 
C40H50N8O6
 
25154714 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[20], [60], [213]
D0424
 
Darifenacin
 
C28H30N2O2
 
444031 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[214], [114]
D0428
 
Dasatinib
 
C22H26ClN7O2S
 
3062316 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[215]
D0473
 
Diazepam
 
C16H13ClN2O
 
3016 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[216], [217], [218], [27], [29], [30], [53], [219], [32]
D0484
 
Dienestrol (topical)
 
C18H18O2
 
667476 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[207], [208], [210]
D0494
 
Dihydroergotamine
 
C33H37N5O5
 
10531 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[220], [221], [222], [22], [223], [224], [225], [226], [227], [228], [229], [230], [231], [232], [126], [233], [234], [235], [236]
D0497
 
Diltiazem
 
C22H26N2O4S
 
39186 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[138], [139], [140], [30], [141], [142], [143], [144]
D0534
 
Dronedarone
 
C31H44N2O5S
 
208898 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[237]
D0536
 
Drospirenone
 
C24H30O3
 
68873 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[206], [207], [208], [32], [209], [210]
D0542
 
Dutasteride
 
C27H30F6N2O2
 
6918296 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[238]
D0543
 
Duvelisib
 
C22H17ClN6O
 
50905713 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[239]
D0555
 
Elagolix
 
C32H30F5N3O5
 
11250647 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[242]
D0577
 
Entrectinib
 
C31H34F2N6O2
 
25141092 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[243]
D0578
 
Enzalutamide
 
C21H16F4N4O2S
 
15951529 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[244]
D0592
 
Ergometrine
 
C19H23N3O2
 
443884 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[222], [230], [236]
D0593
 
Ergotamine
 
C33H35N5O5
 
8223 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[220], [221], [222], [22], [223], [224], [225], [226], [227], [228], [229], [230], [231], [232], [126], [233], [234], [235], [236]
D0605
 
Esterified estrogens
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[206], [207], [208], [32], [209], [210]
D0606
 
Estradiol
 
C18H24O2
 
5757 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[206], [207], [208], [32], [209], [210]
D0607
 
Estradiol (topical)
 
C18H24O2
 
5757 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[207], [208], [210]
D0609
 
Estrone
 
C18H22O2
 
5870 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[206], [207], [208], [32], [209], [210]
D0610
 
Estrone sulfate
 
C18H22O5S
 
3001028 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[207], [208], [210]
D0611
 
Estrone sulfate (topical)
 
C18H22O5S
 
3001028 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[207], [208], [210]
D0612
 
Eszopiclone
 
C17H17ClN6O3
 
969472 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[245], [246], [247], [60], [22], [248], [249]
D0619
 
Ethinylestradiol
 
C20H24O2
 
5991 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[207], [208], [210]
D0626
 
Etonogestrel
 
C22H28O2
 
6917715 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[206], [207], [208], [32], [209], [210]
D0628
 
Etravirine
 
C20H15BrN6O
 
193962 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[250]
D0629
 
Everolimus
 
C53H83NO14
 
6442177 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[251], [114]
D0640
 
Felodipine
 
C18H19Cl2NO4
 
3333 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[138], [139], [140], [30], [141], [142], [143], [144]
D0655
 
Fesoterodine
 
C26H37NO3
 
6918558 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[252]
D0665
 
Flibanserin
 
C20H21F3N4O
 
6918248 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[253]
D0693
 
Fosaprepitant
 
C23H22F7N4O6P
 
135413538 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[146], [147]
D0699
 
Fostamatinib
 
C23H26FN6O9P
 
11671467 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[254]
D0713
 
Gefitinib
 
C22H24ClFN4O3
 
123631 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[255], [256]
D0720
 
Gilteritinib
 
C29H44N8O3
 
49803313 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [257]
D0725
 
Glasdegib
 
C21H22N6O
 
25166913 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[258]
D0739
 
Grazoprevir
 
C38H50N6O9S
 
44603531 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[259], [260]
D0745
 
Guanfacine
 
C9H9Cl2N3O
 
3519 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [261]
D0785
 
Ibrutinib
 
C25H24N6O2
 
24821094 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[262], [114]
D0793
 
Imatinib
 
C29H31N7O
 
5291 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[264]
D0852
 
Isavuconazonium
 
C35H35F2N8O5S+
 
6918606 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[218]
D0865
 
Isradipine
 
C19H21N3O5
 
3784 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[138], [139], [140], [30], [141], [142], [143], [144]
D0869
 
Ivacaftor
 
C24H28N2O3
 
16220172 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[265], [266]
D0873
 
Ixabepilone
 
C27H42N2O5S
 
6445540 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[267]
D0894
 
Lapatinib
 
C29H26ClFN4O4S
 
208908 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[268]
D0896
 
Larotrectinib
 
C21H22F2N6O2
 
46188928 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[20], [60], [269]
D0899
 
Lefamulin
 
C28H45NO5S
 
25185057 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[270]
D0911
 
Levamlodipine
 
C20H25ClN2O5
 
9822750 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[138], [139], [140], [30], [141], [142], [143], [144]
D0916
 
Levobupivacaine
 
C18H28N2O
 
92253 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [271]
D0922
 
Levonorgestrel
 
C21H28O2
 
13109 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[206], [207], [208], [32], [209], [210]
D0953
 
Lorlatinib
 
C21H19FN6O2
 
71731823 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[272]
D0959
 
Lumateperone
 
C24H28FN3O
 
21302490 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[273]
D0961
 
Lurasidone
 
C28H36N4O2S
 
213046 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[20], [60], [274], [114]
D0962
 
Lurbinectedin
 
C41H44N4O10S
 
57327016 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[275]
D0966
 
Macitentan
 
C19H20Br2N6O4S
 
16004692 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[276]
D0980
 
Maraviroc
 
C29H41F2N5O
 
3002977 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[277]
D0990
 
Medroxyprogesterone acetate
 
C24H34O4
 
6279 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[207], [208], [210]
D1017
 
Methadone
 
C21H27NO
 
4095 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[278], [279], [280], [281], [282], [283], [284], [285], [286], [287], [288], [289], [290], [32], [291], [292], [293], [294], [295]
D1037
 
Methylergometrine
 
C20H25N3O2
 
8226 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[222], [230], [236]
D1101
 
Naldemedine
 
C32H34N4O6
 
54732242 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [297]
D1130
 
Nicardipine
 
C26H29N3O6
 
4474 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[138], [139], [140], [30], [141], [142], [143], [144]
D1134
 
Nifedipine
 
C17H18N2O6
 
4485 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[138], [139], [140], [30], [141], [142], [143], [144]
D1136
 
Nilotinib
 
C28H22F3N7O
 
644241 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[299]
D1138
 
Nimodipine
 
C21H26N2O7
 
4497 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[138], [139], [140], [30], [141], [142], [143], [144]
D1141
 
Nisoldipine
 
C20H24N2O6
 
4499 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[138], [139], [140], [30], [141], [142], [143], [144]
D1143
 
Nitisinone
 
C14H10F3NO5
 
115355 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[63], [20], [60]
D1154
 
Norethisterone
 
C20H26O2
 
6230 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[207], [208], [210]
D1157
 
Norgestrel
 
C21H28O2
 
13109 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[206], [207], [208], [32], [209], [210]
D1167
 
Olaparib
 
C24H23FN4O3
 
23725625 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[300]
D1190
 
Osimertinib
 
C28H33N7O2
 
71496458 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[301]
D1212
 
Paclitaxel
 
C47H51NO14
 
36314 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[302], [303], [20], [304], [305], [306], [307], [308]
D1213
 
Paclitaxel (protein-bound)
 
C47H51NO14
 
36314 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[302], [303], [20]
D1214
 
Palbociclib
 
C24H29N7O2
 
5330286 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [309]
D1221
 
Panobinostat
 
C21H23N3O2
 
6918837 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[310], [311]
D1232
 
Pazopanib
 
C21H23N7O2S
 
10113978 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[312]
D1242
 
Pemigatinib
 
C24H27F2N5O4
 
86705695 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [317]
D1290
 
Pimavanserin
 
C25H34FN3O2
 
10071196 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[318]
D1292
 
Pimozide
 
C28H29F2N3O
 
16362 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[22], [319], [320], [321], [126]
D1306
 
Polatuzumab vedotin
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[322]
D1313
 
Ponatinib
 
C29H27F3N6O
 
24826799 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[323]
D1324
 
Pralsetinib
 
C27H32FN9O2
 
129073603 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[324]
D1348
 
Progesterone
 
C21H30O2
 
5994 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[206], [207], [208], [32], [209], [210]
D1349
 
Progesterone (topical)
 
C21H30O2
 
5994 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[207], [208], [210]
D1353
 
Propafenone
 
C21H27NO3
 
4932 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[325], [326]
D1368
 
Quetiapine
 
C21H25N3O2S
 
5002 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[327], [328], [329], [330], [331], [332], [333], [334], [335]
D1370
 
Quinestrol
 
C25H32O2
 
9046 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[206], [207], [208], [32], [209], [210]
D1371
 
Quinidine
 
C20H24N2O2
 
441074 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [126]
D1372
 
Quinine
 
C20H24N2O2
 
3034034 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[20], [60], [336], [337], [338], [339], [340], [341], [342], [343], [344]
D1392
 
Repaglinide
 
C27H36N2O4
 
65981 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[348], [349], [350], [351], [352], [353], [354]
D1398
 
Ribociclib
 
C23H30N8O
 
44631912 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[20], [60], [355]
D1404
 
Rilpivirine
 
C22H18N6
 
6451164 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[20], [356], [60], [357]
D1409
 
Ripretinib
 
C24H21BrFN5O2
 
71584930 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[20], [358]
D1417
 
Rivaroxaban
 
C19H18ClN3O5S
 
9875401 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[20], [60], [359]
D1449
 
Saxagliptin
 
C18H25N3O2
 
11243969 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [360]
D1459
 
Selpercatinib
 
C29H31N7O3
 
134436906 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [361]
D1460
 
Selumetinib
 
C17H15BrClFN4O3
 
10127622 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[362]
D1466
 
Silodosin
 
C25H32F3N3O4
 
5312125 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[363]
D1473
 
Simvastatin
 
C25H38O5
 
54454 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [150], [151], [152], [153], [154], [155], [156], [157], [158], [159], [126]
D1491
 
Solifenacin
 
C23H26N2O2
 
154059 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[364]
D1505
 
Stiripentol
 
C14H18O3
 
5311454 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [61], [365]
D1524
 
Suvorexant
 
C23H23ClN6O2
 
24965990 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[20], [366]
D1527
 
Tadalafil
 
C22H19N3O4
 
110635 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[367]
D1534
 
Tamsulosin
 
C20H28N2O5S
 
129211 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[368], [369], [370], [371]
D1536
 
Tasimelteon
 
C15H19NO2
 
10220503 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[372]
D1541
 
Telaprevir
 
C36H53N7O6
 
3010818 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[163], [164]
D1549
 
Temsirolimus
 
C56H87NO16
 
6918289 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[373]
D1579
 
Ticagrelor
 
C23H28F2N6O4S
 
9871419 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [374]
D1607
 
Tolterodine
 
C22H31NO
 
443879 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[377], [378]
D1612
 
Toremifene
 
C26H28ClNO
 
3005573 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[379]
D1632
 
Triazolam
 
C17H12Cl2N4
 
5556 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[118], [119], [120], [121], [22], [122], [123], [124], [125], [126], [127], [128], [129], [130], [131], [132], [133], [134], [135], [136], [137]
D1663
 
Ubrogepant
 
C29H26F3N5O3
 
68748835 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[381]
D1674
 
Valdecoxib
 
C16H14N2O3S
 
119607 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[382]
D1682
 
Vardenafil
 
C23H32N6O4S
 
135400189 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[383], [114]
D1688
 
Venetoclax
 
C45H50ClN7O7S
 
49846579 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[20], [60], [384]
D1689
 
Venlafaxine
 
C17H27NO2
 
5656 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[20], [60], [385]
D1690
 
Verapamil
 
C27H38N2O4
 
2520 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[138], [139], [140], [30], [141], [142], [143], [144]
D1696
 
Vilazodone
 
C26H27N5O2
 
6918314 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[386]
D1718
 
Zanubrutinib
 
C27H29N5O3
 
135565884 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[387]
D1729
 
Zolpidem
 
C19H21N3O
 
5732 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[388], [389], [390], [391], [392], [393], [394]
D1730
 
Zonisamide
 
C8H8N2O3S
 
5734 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[395], [396]
D0487
 
Diethylstilbestrol
 
C18H20O2
 
448537 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[206], [207], [208], [32], [209], [210]
D0513
 
Dofetilide
 
C19H27N3O5S2
 
71329 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[397]
D0557
 
Eletriptan
 
C22H26N2O2S
 
77993 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[398]
D0956
 
Lovastatin
 
C24H36O5
 
53232 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [150], [151], [152], [153], [154], [155], [156], [157], [158], [159], [126]
D1043
 
Methysergide
 
C21H27N3O2
 
9681 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[222], [230], [236]
D1465
 
Sildenafil
 
C22H30N6O4S
 
135398744 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[399], [400], [401], [402]
D0345
 
Citalopram
 
C20H21FN2O
 
2771 
Minor    Inter Info   
[403], [404]
D0080
 
Amprenavir
 
C25H35N3O6S
 
65016 
Minor    Inter Info   
[408]
D0106
 
Armodafinil
 
C15H15NO2S
 
9690109 
Minor    Inter Info   
[20], [409], [410]
D0515
 
Dolutegravir
 
C20H19F2N3O5
 
54726191 
Minor    Inter Info   
[411]
D0516
 
Donepezil
 
C24H29NO3
 
3152 
Minor    Inter Info   
[412], [371], [413], [414]
D0518
 
Doravirine
 
C17H11ClF3N5O3
 
58460047 
Minor    Inter Info   
[415]
D0599
 
Escitalopram
 
C20H21FN2O
 
146570 
Minor    Inter Info   
[403], [404]
D0797
 
Indacaterol
 
C24H28N2O3
 
6918554 
Minor    Inter Info   
[418]
D0948
 
Lopinavir
 
C37H48N4O5
 
92727 
Minor    Inter Info   
[60], [419], [420]
D1074
 
Mirabegron
 
C21H24N4O2S
 
9865528 
Minor    Inter Info   
[421]
D1081
 
Modafinil
 
C15H15NO2S
 
4236 
Minor    Inter Info   
[20], [409], [410]
D1291
 
Pimecrolimus (topical)
 
C43H68ClNO11
 
6509979 
Minor    Inter Info   
[422]
D1394
 
Retapamulin (topical)
 
C30H47NO4S
 
6918462 
Minor    Inter Info   
[423]
D1428
 
Ropivacaine
 
C17H26N2O
 
175805 
Minor    Inter Info   
[424], [425], [426], [427], [428], [429], [430]
D1434
 
Ruxolitinib
 
C17H18N6
 
25126798 
Minor    Inter Info   
[60], [431]
D1464
 
Sibutramine
 
C17H26ClN
 
5210 
Minor    Inter Info   
[432]
D1664
 
Ulipristal
 
C28H35NO3
 
13559281 
Minor    Inter Info   
[60], [433]
D1726
 
Ziprasidone
 
C21H21ClN4OS
 
60854 
Minor    Inter Info   
[434], [435], [436], [437]
      Pharmacodynamic additive effects
   Additive CNS depression effects Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1673
 
Valbenazine
 
C24H38N2O4
 
24795069 
Major    Inter Info   
[95]
   Increased risk of hepatotoxicity Drug Num:  23
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0900
 
Leflunomide
 
C12H9F3N2O2
 
3899 
Major    Inter Info   
[63], [64], [65]
D0944
 
Lomitapide
 
C39H37F6N3O2
 
9853053 
Major    Inter Info   
[69]
D1073
 
Mipomersen
 
C230H324N67O122P19S19
 
118984467 
Major    Inter Info   
[70]
D1258
 
Pexidartinib
 
C20H15ClF3N5
 
25151352 
Major    Inter Info   
[74]
D1556
 
Teriflunomide
 
C12H9F3N2O2
 
54684141 
Major    Inter Info   
[63], [64], [65]
D0114
 
Asparaginase Escherichia coli
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[97], [98], [99], [20], [60], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [106], [107]
D0113
 
Asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[97], [98], [99], [20], [60], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [106], [107]
D0149
 
Bedaquiline
 
C32H31BrN2O2
 
5388906 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[162]
D0199
 
Brentuximab vedotin
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[167]
D0232
 
Calaspargase pegol
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[97], [98], [99], [20], [60], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [106], [107]
D0248
 
Cannabidiol
 
C21H30O2
 
644019 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [184]
D0357
 
Clofarabine
 
C10H11ClFN5O3
 
119182 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[203]
D0554
 
Efavirenz
 
C14H9ClF3NO2
 
64139 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[240], [241]
D0789
 
Idelalisib
 
C22H18FN7O
 
11625818 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[263]
D1025
 
Methotrexate
 
C20H22N8O5
 
126941 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [296]
D1106
 
Naltrexone
 
C20H23NO4
 
5360515 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[298]
D1239
 
Peginterferon beta-1a
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[313], [314], [315], [316]
D1389
 
Remdesivir
 
C27H35N6O8P
 
121304016 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[20], [60], [345], [346], [347]
D1589
 
Tioguanine
 
C5H5N5S
 
2723601 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[375], [376]
D1615
 
Trabectedin
 
C39H43N3O11S
 
108150 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[60], [380]
D0826
 
Interferon beta-1a
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[313], [314], [315], [316]
D0827
 
Interferon beta-1b
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[313], [314], [315], [316]
D1234
 
Pegaspargase
 
C14H19NO
 
436058 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[97], [98], [99], [20], [60], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [106], [107]
      Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
   Attenuated pharmacological effects (Unspecific) Drug Num:  4
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0075
 
Amphotericin B
 
C47H73NO17
 
5280965 
Minor    Inter Info   
[405], [406], [407]
D0076
 
Amphotericin B (cholesteryl sulfate)
 
C47H73NO17
 
5280965 
Minor    Inter Info   
[405], [406], [407]
D0077
 
Amphotericin B (lipid complex)
 
C47H73NO17
 
5280965 
Minor    Inter Info   
[405], [406], [407]
D0078
 
Amphotericin B (liposomal)
 
C47H73NO17
 
5280965 
Minor    Inter Info   
[405], [406], [407]
References
1 Bartkowski RR, Goldberg ME, Larijani GE, Boerner T "Inhibition of alfentanil metabolism by erythromycin." Clin Pharmacol Ther 46 (1989): 99-102. [PMID: 2501060]
2 Bartkowski RR, McDonnell TE "Prolonged alfentanil effect following erythromycin administration." Anesthesiology 73 (1990): 566-8. [PMID: 2203286]
3 Kharasch ED, Thummel KE "Human alfentanil metabolism by cytochrome P450 3A3/4. An explanation for the interindividual variability in alfentanil clearance?" Anesth Analg 76 (1993): 1033-9. [PMID: 8484504]
4 Kharasch ED, Walker A, Hoffer C, Sheffels P "Intravenous and oral alfentanil as in vivo probes for hepatic and first-pass cytochrome P450 3A activity: noninvasive assessment by use of pupillary miosis." Clin Pharmacol Ther 76 (2004): 452-66. [PMID: 15536460]
5 Klees TM, Sheffels P, Dale O, Kharasch ED "Metabolism of alfentanil by cytochrome P4503A enzymes." Drug Metab Dispos 33 (2005): 303-11. [PMID: 15557344]
6 Klees TM, Sheffels P, Thummel KE, Kharasch ED "Pharmacogenetic Determinants of Human Liver Microsomal Alfentanil Metabolism and the Role of Cytochrome P450 3A5." Anesthesiology 102 (2005): 550-556. [PMID: 15731592]
7 Koehntop DE, Noormohamed SE, Fletcher CV "Effects of long-term drugs on alfentanil clearance in patients undergoing renal transplantation." Pharmacotherapy 14 (1994): 592-9. [PMID: 7997393]
8 Labroo RB, Thummel KE, Kunze KL, Podoll T, Trager WF, Kharasch ED "Catalytic role of cytochrome P4503A4 in multiple pathways of alfentanil metabolism." Drug Metab Dispos 23 (1995): 490-6. [PMID: 7600917]
9 Palkama VJ, Isohanni MH, Neuvonen PJ, Olkkola KT "The effect of intravenous and oral fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous alfentanil." Anesth Analg 87 (1998): 190-4. [PMID: 9661572]
10 Product Information. Alfenta (alfentanil). Janssen Pharmaceutica, Titusville, NJ.
11 Yate PM, Thomas D, Short SM, Sebel PS, Morton J "Comparison of infusions of alfentanil or pethidine for sedation of ventilated patients on the ITU." Br J Anaesth 58 (1986): 1091-9. [PMID: 2876719]
12 Yun CH, Wood M, Wood AJ, Guengerich FP "Identification of the pharmacogenetic determinants of alfentanil metabolism: cytochrome P-450 3A4: an explanation of the variable elimination clearance." Anesthesiology 77 (1992): 467-74. [PMID: 1519785]
13 Ibrahim AE, Feldman J, Karim A, Kharasch ED "Simultaneous Assessment of Drug Interactions with Low- and High-Extraction Opioids: Application to Parecoxib Effects on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Fentanyl and Alfentanil." Anesthesiology 98 (2003): 853-861. [PMID: 12657846]
14 Kharasch ED, Russell M, Mautz D, Thummel KE, Kunze KL, Bowdle A, Cox K "The role of cytochrome P450 3A4 in alfentanil clearance. Implications for interindividual variability in disposition and perioperative drug interactions." Anesthesiology 87 (1997): 36-50. [PMID: 9232132]
15 Fabre G, Julian B, Saint-Aubert B, Joyeux H, Berger Y "Evidence for CYP3A-mediated N-deethylation of amiodarone in human liver microsomal fractions." Drug Metab Dispos 21 (1993): 978-85. [PMID: 7905403]
16 Product Information. Cordarone (amiodarone). Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
17 Product Information. Cordarone Intravenous (amiodarone). Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
18 Ament PW, Paterson A "Drug interactions with the nonsedating antihistamines." Am Fam Physician 56 (1997): 223. [PMID: 9225677]
19 Berul CI, Morad M "Regulation of potassium channels by nonsedating antihistamines." Circulation 91 (1995): 2220-5. [PMID: 7697852]
20 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
21 Craft TM "Torsade de pointes after astemizole overdose." Br Med J 292 (1986): 660. [PMID: 2868774]
22 Dresser GK, Spence JD, Bailey DG "Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic consequences and clinical relevance of cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition." Clin Pharmacokinet 38 (2000): 41-57. [PMID: 10668858]
23 Goss JE, Ramo BW, Blake K "Torsades de pointes associated with astemizole (hismanal) therapy." Arch Intern Med 153 (1993): 2705. [PMID: 8250668]
24 Heidemann SM, Sarnaik AP "Arrhythmias after astemizole overdose." Pediatr Emerg Care 12 (1996): 102-4. [PMID: 8859918]
25 Honig PK, Cantilena LR "Ketoconazole and fluconazole drug interactions." Arch Intern Med 154 (1994): 1038-41. [PMID: 8179450]
26 Pratt CM, Mason J, Russell T, Reynolds R, Ahlbrandt R "Cardiovascular safety of fexofenadine HCl." Am J Cardiol 83 (1999): 1451-4. [PMID: 10335761]
27 Product Information. Diflucan (fluconazole). Roerig Division, New York, NY.
28 Product Information. Hismanal (astemizole). Janssen Pharmaceutica, Titusville, NJ.
29 Product Information. Nizoral (ketoconazole). Janssen Pharmaceutica, Titusville, NJ. (1992):.
30 Product Information. Noxafil (posaconazole). Schering-Plough Corporation, Kenilworth, NJ.
31 Product Information. Sporonox (itraconazole). Janssen Pharmaceutica, Titusville, NJ.
32 Product Information. VFEND (voriconazole). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
33 Rao KA, Adlakha A, Vermaansil B, Meloy TD, Stanton MS "Torsades de pointes ventricular tachycardia associated with overdose of astemizole." Mayo Clin Proc 69 (1994): 589-93. [PMID: 8189766]
34 Salata JJ, Jurkiewicz NK, Wallace AA, Stupienski RF, Guinosso PJ, Lynch JJ "Cardiac electrophysiological actions of the histamine h-1-receptor antagonists astemizole and terfenadine compared with chlorpheniramine and pyrilamine." Circ Res 76 (1995): 110-9. [PMID: 8001268]
35 Saviuc P, Danel V, Dixmerias F "Prolonged QT interval and torsade de pointes following astemizole overdose." J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 31 (1993): 121-5. [PMID: 8433408]
36 Simons FE, Kesselman MS, Giddins NG, Pelech AN, Simons KJ "Astemizole-induced torsade de pointes." Lancet 2 (1988): 624. [PMID: 2900995]
37 Smith SJ "Cardiovascular toxicity of antihistamines." Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 111 Suppl (1994): 348-54. [PMID: 7916150]
38 Snook J, Boothman-Burrell D, Watkins J, Colin-Jones D "Torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia associated with astemizole overdose." Br J Clin Pract 42 (1988): 257-9. [PMID: 2905156]
39 Tsai WC, Tsai LM, Chen JH "Combined use of astemizole and ketoconazole resulting in torsade de pointes." J Formos Med Assoc 96 (1997): 144-6. [PMID: 9071844]
40 Venkatakrishnan K, von Moltke LL, Greenblatt DJ "Effects of the antifungal agents on oxidative drug metabolism: clinical relevance." Clin Pharmacokinet 38 (2000): 111-80. [PMID: 10709776]
41 Vorperian VR, Zhou ZF, Mohammad S, Hoon TJ, Studenik C, January CT "Torsade de pointes with an antihistamine metabolite: potassium channel blockade with desmethylastemizole." J Am Coll Cardiol 28 (1996): 1556-61. [PMID: 8917271]
42 Woosley RL "Cardiac actions of antihistamines." Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 36 (1996): 233-52. [PMID: 8725389]
43 Hutchinson MR, Menelaou A, Foster DJ, Coller JK, Somogyi AA "CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 involvement in the primary oxidative metabolism of hydrocodone by human liver microsomes." Br J Clin Pharmacol 57 (2004): 287-97. [PMID: 14998425]
44 Product Information. Zohydro ER (HYDROcodone). Zogenix, Inc, San Diego, CA.
45 Vizcaychipi MP, Walker S, Palazzo M "Serotonin syndrome triggered by tramadol." Br J Anaesth 99 (2007): 919. [PMID: 18006535]
46 Product Information. Rexulti (brexpiprazole). Otsuka American Pharmaceuticals Inc, Rockville, MD.
47 Product Information. Butorphanol Tartrate (butorphanol). Apotex Corporation, Weston, FL.
48 Product Information. Cerdelga (eliglustat). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
49 Product Information. Inspra (eplerenone). Searle, Chicago, IL.
50 Labroo RB, Paine MF, Thummel KE, Kharasch ED "Fentanyl metabolism by human hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 3A4: implicaitons for interindividual variability in disposition, efficacy, and drug interactions." Drug Metab Dispos 25 (1997): 1072-80. [PMID: 9311623]
51 Product Information. Actiq (fentanyl). Abbott Pharmaceutical, Abbott Park, IL.
52 Product Information. Duragesic Transdermal System (fentanyl). Janssen Pharmaceutica, Titusville, NJ.
53 Product Information. Sporanox (itraconazole). Janssen Pharmaceutica, Titusville, NJ.
54 Tateishi T, Krivoruk Y, Ueng YF, Wood AJ, Guengerich FP, Wood M "Identification of human cytochrome P-450 3A4 as the enzyme responsible for fentanyl and sufentanil N-dealkylation." Anesth Analg 82 (1996): 167-72. [PMID: 8712396]
55 Abernethy DR, Wesche DL, Barbey JT, et al. "Stereoselective halofantrine disposition and effect: concentration-related QTc prolongation." Br J Clin Pharmacol 51 (2001): 231-7. [PMID: 11298069]
56 Baune B, Flinois JP, Furlan V, et al. "Halofantrine metabolism in microsomes in man: major role of CYP 3A4 and CYP 3A5." J Pharm Pharmacol 51 (1999): 419-26. [PMID: 10385214]
57 Charbit B, Becquemont L, Lepere B, Peytavin G, Funck-Bretano C "Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between grapefruit juice and halofantrine." Clin Pharmacol Ther 72 (2002): 514-23. [PMID: 12426515]
58 Giao PT, de Vries PJ "Pharmacokinetic interactions of antimalarial agents." Clin Pharmacokinet 40 (2001): 343-73. [PMID: 11432537]
59 Product Information. Halfan (halofantrine). GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA.
60 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
61 EMEA. European Medicines Agency "EPARs. European Union Public Assessment Reports.".
62 Product Information. Corlanor (ivabradine). Amgen USA, Thousand Oaks, CA.
63 Canadian Pharmacists Association.
64 EMEA "EMEA public statement on leflunomide (ARAVA) - severe and serious hepatic reactions.".
65 Product Information. Arava (leflunomide). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
66 Product Information. Dayvigo (lemborexant). Eisai Inc, Woodcliff Lake, NJ.
67 Product Information. Orlaam (levomethadyl acetate) Roxanne Laboratories Inc, Columbus, OH.
68 Product Information. Zokinvy (lonafarnib). Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA.
69 Product Information. Juxtapid (lomitapide). Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
70 Product Information. Kynamro (mipomersen). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
71 Abbas R, Hug BA, Leister C, Burns J, Sonnichsen D "Pharmacokinetics of oral neratinib during co-administration of ketoconazole in healthy subjects." Br J Clin Pharmacol 71 (2011): 522-7. [PMID: 21395644]
72 Product Information. Nerlynx (neratinib). Puma Biotechnology, Inc., Los Angeles, CA.
73 Product Information. OxyContin (oxycodone). Purdue Frederick Company, Norwalk, CT.
74 Product Information. Turalio (pexidartinib). Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Parsippany, NJ.
75 Product Information. Prograf (tacrolimus). Fujisawa, Deerfield, IL.
76 Product Information. Rapamune (sirolimus) Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
77 Vasquez EM, Pollak R, Benedetti E "Clotrimazole increases tacrolimus blood levels: a drug interaction in kidney transplant patients." Clin Transplant 15 (2001): 95-9. [PMID: 11264634]
78 Product Information. Odomzo (sonidegib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
79 Cantilena LR Jr, Ferguson CL, Monahan BP "Torsades de pointes occurring in association with terfenadine use." JAMA 266 (1991): 2376. [PMID: 1977935]
80 Crane JK, Shih HT "Syncope and cardiac arrhythmia due to an interaction between itraconazole and terfenadine." Am J Med 95 (1993): 445-6. [PMID: 8213879]
81 Honig PK, Wortham DC, Zamani K, Conner DP, Mullin JC, Cantilena LR. Terfenadine-ketoconazole interaction. Pharmacokinetic and electrocardiographic consequences [published correction appears in JAMA 1993 Apr 28;269(16):2088]. JAMA. 1993;269(12):1513-1518. [PMID: 8445813]
82 Honig PK, Worham DC, Zamani K, Mullin JC, Conner DP, Cantilena LR "The effect of fluconazole on the steady-state pharmacokinetics and electrocardiographic pharmacodynamics of terfenadine in humans." Clin Pharmacol Ther 53 (1993): 630-6. [PMID: 8513654]
83 Honig PK, Wortham DC, Hull R, Zamani K, Smith JE, Cantilena LR "Itraconazole affects single-dose terfenadine pharmacokinetics and cardiac repolarization pharmacodynamics." J Clin Pharmacol 33 (1993): 1201-6. [PMID: 8126255]
84 Honig PK, Wortham DC, Zamani K, et al "Terfenadine-ketoconazole interaction: pharmacokinetic and electrocardiographic consequences." JAMA 269 (1993): 1513-8. [PMID: 8445813]
85 June RA, Nasr I "Torsades de pointes with terfenadine ingestion." Am J Emerg Med 15 (1997): 542-3. [PMID: 9270401]
86 Jurima-Romet M, Crawford K, Cyr T, Inaba T "Terfenadine metabolism in human liver. In vitro inhibition by macrolide antibiotics and azole antifungals." Drug Metab Dispos 22 (1994): 849-57. [PMID: 7895601]
87 Kivisto KT, Neuvonen PJ, Klotz U "Inhibition of terfenadine metabolism - pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic consequences." Clin Pharmacokinet 27 (1994): 1-5. [PMID: 7955768]
88 Mathews DR, McNutt B, Okerholm R, et al "Torsades de pointes occurring in association with terfenadine use." JAMA 266 (1991): 2375-6. [PMID: 1920744]
89 Monahan BP, Ferguson CL, Killeavy ES, et al "Torsades de pointes occurring in association with terfenadine use." JAMA 264 (1990): 2788-90. [PMID: 1977935]
90 Pohjola-Sintonen S, Viitasalo M, Toivonene L, Neuvonen P "Torsades de pointes after terfenadine-itraconazole interaction." BMJ 306 (1993): 186. [PMID: 8382980]
91 Product Information. Seldane (terfenadine). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
92 Woosley RL, Chen Y, Freiman JP, Gillis RA "Mechanism of the cardiotoxic actions of terfenadine." JAMA 269 (1993): 1532-6. [PMID: 8445816]
93 Zimmermann M, Duruz H, Guinand O, et al "Torsades de Pointes after treatment with terfenadine and ketoconazole." Eur Heart J 13 (1992): 1002-3. [PMID: 1644069]
94 Vonmoltke LL, Greenblatt DJ, Duan SX, Harmatz JS, Wright CE, Shader RI "Inhibition of terfenadine metabolism in vitro by azole antifungal agents and by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants: relation to pharmacokinetic interactions in vivo." J Clin Psychopharmacol 16 (1996): 104-12. [PMID: 8690825]
95 Product Information. Ingrezza (valbenazine). Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, CA.
96 Product Information. Ranexa (ranolazine). Calmoseptine Inc, Huntington Beach, CA.
97 Al-Nawakil C, Willems L, Mauprivez C, et.al "Successful treatment of l-asparaginase-induced severe acute hepatotoxicity using mitochondrial cofactors." Leuk Lymphoma 55 (2014): 1670-4. [PMID: 24090500]
98 Bodmer M, Sulz M, Stadlmann S, Droll A, Terracciano L, Krahenbuhl S "Fatal liver failure in an adult patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia following treatment with L-asparaginase." Digestion 74 (2006): epub. [PMID: 16988508]
99 Cerner Multum, Inc "ANVISA Bulario Eletrnico.".
100 Christ TN, Stock W, Knoebel RW "Incidence of asparaginase-related hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, and thrombotic events in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with a pediatric-inspired regimen." J Oncol Pharm Pract 24 (2018): 299-308. [PMID: 28355969]
101 Jenkins R, Perlin E "Severe hepatotoxicity from Escherichia coli L-asparaginase." J Natl Med Assoc 79 (1987): 775-9. [PMID: 3305969]
102 Lu G, Karur V, Herrington JD, Walker MG "Successful treatment of pegaspargase-induced acute hepatotoxicity with vitamin B complex and L-carnitine" Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 29 (2016): 46-7. [PMID: 26722167]
103 Product Information. Asparlas (calaspargase pegol). Servier, Boston, MA.
104 Product Information. Elspar (asparaginase). Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
105 Product Information. Erwinaze (asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi). EUSA Pharma, Newtown, PA.
106 Product Information. Oncaspar (pegaspargase). Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA.
107 Burke PW, Aldoss I, Lunning MA, et.al "High-grade PEGylated asparaginase-related hepatotoxicity occurrence in a pediatric-inspired adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia regimen does not necessarily predict recurrent hepatotoxicity in subsequent cycles." Blood 122 (2013): 2671. [PMID: 29407583]
108 Pekol T, Daniels JS, Labutti J, et al "Human metabolism of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib: identification of circulating metabolites." Drug Metab Dispos 33 (2005): 771-7. [PMID: 15764713]
109 Product Information. Velcade (bortezomib). Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
110 Uttamsingh V, Lu C, Miwa GT, Gan LS "Relative contributions of the five major human cytochromes P450, 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4 to the hepatic metabolism of teh protosome inhibitor bortezomib." Drug Metab Dispos 33 (2005): 1723-8. [PMID: 16103134]
111 Product Information. Evoxac (cevimeline) Daiichi Pharmaceuticals, Fort lee, NJ.
112 Product Information. Verzenio (abemaciclib). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
113 Product Information. Calquence (acalabrutinib). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
114 Product Information. Qelbree (viloxazine). Supernus Pharmaceuticals Inc, Rockville, MD.
115 Product Information. Uroxatral (alfuzosin). sanofi-aventis , Bridgewater, NJ.
116 Product Information. Tekturna (aliskiren). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
117 Tapaninen T, Backman JT, Kurkinen K, Neuvonen P, Niemi M "Itraconazole, a P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, markedly raises the plasma concentrations and enhances the renin-inhibiting effect of aliskiren." J Clin Pharmacol 51 (2011): 359-67. [PMID: 20400651]
118 Ahonen J, Olkkola KT, Neuvonen PJ "Effect of itraconazole and terbinafine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam in healthy volunteers." Br J Clin Pharmacol 40 (1995): 270-2. [PMID: 8527290]
119 Ahonen J, Olkkola KT, Neuvonen PJ "Lack of effect of antimycotic itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of temazepam." Ther Drug Monit 18 (1996): 124-7. [PMID: 8721273]
120 Backman JT, Kivisto KT, Olkkola KT, Neuvonen PJ "The area under the plasma concentration-time curve for oral midazolam is 400-fold larger during treatment with itraconazole than with rifampicin." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 54 (1998): 53-8. [PMID: 9591931]
121 Brown MW, Maldonado AL, Meredith CG, Speeg KV "Effect of ketoconazole on hepatic oxidative drug metabolism." Clin Pharmacol Ther 37 (1985): 290-7. [PMID: 3971653]
122 Greenblatt DJ, Vonmoltke LL, Harmatz JS, Harrel LM, Tobias S, Shader RI, Wright CE "Interaction of triazolam and ketoconazole." Lancet 345 (1995): 191. [PMID: 7823684]
123 Neuvonen PJ, Varhe A, Olkkola KT "The effect of ingestion time interval on the interaction between itraconazole and triazolam." Clin Pharmacol Ther 60 (1996): 326-31. [PMID: 8841155]
124 Olkkola KT, Backman JT, Neuvonen PJ "Midazolam should be avoided in patients receiving the systemic antimycotics ketoconazole or itraconazole." Clin Pharmacol Ther 55 (1994): 481-5. [PMID: 8181191]
125 Product Information. Halcion (triazolam). Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
126 Product Information. ORAVIG (miconazole). Strativa Pharmaceuticals, a Division of Par Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Woodcliff Lake, NJ.
127 Product Information. Xanax (alprazolam). Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
128 Tsunoda SM, Velez RL, vonMoltke LL, Greenblatt DJ "Differentiation of intestinal and hepatic cytochrome P450 3A activity with use of midazolam as an in vivo probe: Effect of ketoconazole." Clin Pharmacol Ther 66 (1999): 461-71. [PMID: 10579473]
129 Vanakoski J, Mattila MJ, Vainio P, Idanpaanheikkila JJ, Tornwall M "150 mg fluconazole does not substantially increase the effects of 10 mg midazolam or the plasma midazolam concentrations in healthy subjects." Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 33 (1995): 518-23. [PMID: 8520811]
130 Varhe A, Olkkola KT, Neuvonen PJ "Effect of fluconazole dose on the extent of fluconazole-triazolam interaction." Br J Clin Pharmacol 42 (1996): 465-70. [PMID: 8904618]
131 Varhe A, Olkkola KT, Neuvonen PJ "Fluconazole, but not terbinafine, enhances the effects of triazolam by inhibiting its metabolism." Br J Clin Pharmacol 41 (1996): 319-23. [PMID: 8730978]
132 Varhe A, Olkkola KT, Neuvonen PJ "Oral triazolam is potentially hazardous to patients receiving systemic antimycotics ketoconazole or itraconazole." Clin Pharmacol Ther 56 (1994): 601-7. [PMID: 7995001]
133 Vonmoltke LL, Greenblatt DJ, Cotreaubibbo MM, Harmatz JS, Shader RI "Inhibitors of alprazolam metabolism in vitro: effect of serotonin-reuptake-inhibitor antidepressants, ketoconazole and quinidine." Br J Clin Pharmacol 38 (1994): 23-31. [PMID: 7946933]
134 Vonmoltke LL, Greenblatt DJ, Schmider J, Duan SX, Wright CE, Harmatz JS, Shader RI "Midazolam hydroxylation by human liver microsomes in vitro: inhibition by fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, and by azole antifungal agents." J Clin Pharmacol 36 (1996): 783-91. [PMID: 8889898]
135 Wrighton SA, Ring BJ "Inhibition of human CYP3A catalyzed 1'-hydroxy midazolam formation by ketoconazole, nifedipine, erythromycin, cimetidine, and nizatidine." Pharm Res 11 (1994): 921-4. [PMID: 7937537]
136 Yasui N, Kondo T, Otani K, Furukori H, Kaneko S, Ohkubo T, Nagasaki T, Sugawara K "Effect of itraconazole on the single oral dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alprazolam." Psychopharmacology 139 (1998): 269-73. [PMID: 9784084]
137 Greenblatt DJ, Wright CE, vonMoltke LL, Harmatz JS, Ehrenberg BL, Harrel LM, Corbett K, Counihan M, Tobias S, Shader RI "Ketoconazole inhibition of triazolam and alprazolam clearance: Differential kinetic and dynamic consequences." Clin Pharmacol Ther 64 (1998): 237-47. [PMID: 9757147]
138 Heinig R, Adelmann HG, Ahr G "The effect of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of nisoldipine." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 55 (1999): 57-60. [PMID: 10206086]
139 Jalava KM, Olkkola KT, Neuvonen PJ "Itraconazole greatly increases plasma concentrations and effects of felodipine." Clin Pharmacol Ther 61 (1997): 410-5. [PMID: 9129558]
140 Neuvonen PJ, Suhonen R "Itraconazole interacts with felodipine." J Am Acad Dermatol 33 (1995): 134-5. [PMID: 7601933]
141 Rosen T "Debilitating edema associated with itraconazole therapy." Arch Dermatol 130 (1994): 260-1. [PMID: 8304774]
142 Sandstrom R, Knutson TW, Knutson L, Jansson B, Lennernas H "The effect of ketoconazole on the jejunal permeability and CYP3A metabolism of (R/S)-verapamil in humans." Br J Clin Pharmacol 48 (1999): 180-9. [PMID: 10417494]
143 Tailor SAN "Peripheral edema due to nifedipine-itraconazole interaction: a case report." Arch Dermatol 132 (1996): 1374. [PMID: 8607648]
144 Tailor SAN, Gupta AK, Walker SE, Shear NH "Peripheral edema due to nifedipine-itraconazole interaction: a case report." Arch Dermatol 132 (1996): 350-2. [PMID: 8607648]
145 Product Information. Eliquis (apixaban). Bristol-Myers Squibb Canada Inc, Montreal, IN.
146 Product Information. Emend (aprepitant). Merck & Company Inc, West Point, PA.
147 Product Information. Emend for Injection (fosaprepitant). Merck & Company Inc, West Point, PA.
148 Product Information. Abilify (aripiprazole). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
149 Product Information. Reyataz (atazanavir). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
150 Gilad R, Lampl Y "Rhabdomyolysis induced by simvastatin and ketoconazole treatment." Clin Neuropharmacol 22 (1999): 295-7. [PMID: 10516882]
151 Horn M "Coadministration of itraconazole with hypolipidemic agents may induce rhabdomyolysis in healthy individuals." Arch Dermatol 132 (1996): 1254. [PMID: 8859048]
152 Kantola T, Kivisto KT, Neuvonen PJ "Effect of itraconazole on cerivastatin pharmacokinetics." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 54 (1999): 851-5. [PMID: 10027660]
153 Kantola T, Kivisto KT, Neuvonen PJ "Effect of itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin." Clin Pharmacol Ther 64 (1998): 58-65. [PMID: 9695720]
154 Kivisto KT, Kantola T, Neuvonen PJ "Different effects of itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin and lovastatin." Br J Clin Pharmacol 46 (1998): 49-53. [PMID: 9690949]
155 Lees RS, Lees AM "Rhabdomyolysis from the coadministration of lovastatin and the antifungal agent itraconazole." N Engl J Med 333 (1995): 664-5. [PMID: 7637734]
156 Lomaestro BM, Piatek MA "Update on drug interactions with azole antifungal agents." Ann Pharmacother 32 (1998): 915-28. [PMID: 9762380]
157 Neuvonen PJ, Jalava KM "Itraconazole drastically increases plasma concentrations of lovastatin and lovastatin acid." Clin Pharmacol Ther 60 (1996): 54-61. [PMID: 8689812]
158 Neuvonen PJ, Kantola T, Kivisto KT "Simvastatin but not pravastatin is very susceptible to interaction with the CYP3A4 inhibitor itraconazole." Clin Pharmacol Ther 63 (1998): 332-41. [PMID: 9542477]
159 Niwa T, Shiraga T, Takagi A "Effect of antifungal drugs on cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4 activities in human liver microsomes." Biol Pharm Bull 28 (2005): 1805-8. [PMID: 16141567]
160 Product Information. Ayvakit (avapritinib). Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
161 Product Information. Inlyta (axitinib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
162 Product Information. Sirturo (bedaquiline). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
163 Product Information. Incivek (telaprevir). Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
164 Product Information. Victrelis (boceprevir). Schering-Plough Corporation, Kenilworth, NJ.
165 Product Information. Tracleer (bosentan). Acetelion Pharmaceuticals US, Inc, South San Francisco, CA.
166 Product Information. Bosulif (bosutinib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
167 Product Information. Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
168 Product Information. Alunbrig (brigatinib). Ariad Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
169 Bolland MJ, Bagg W, Thomas MG, Lucas JA, Ticehurst R, Black PN "Cushing's syndrome due to interaction between inhaled corticosteroids and itraconazole." Ann Pharmacother 38 (2004): 46-9. [PMID: 14742792]
170 Daveluy A, Raignoux C, Miremont-Salame G, et al. "Drug interactions between inhaled corticosteroids and enzymatic inhibitors." Eur J Clin Pharmacol (2009):. [PMID: 19399485]
171 De Wachter E, Malfroot A, De Schutter I, Vanbesien J, De Schepper J "Inhaled budesonide induced Cushing's syndrome in cystic fibrosis patients, due to drug inhibition of cytochrome P450." J Calif Dent Assoc 2 (2003): 72-5. [PMID: 15463853]
172 De Wachter E, Vanbesien J, De Schutter I, Malfroot A, De Schepper J "Rapidly developing Cushing syndrome in a 4-year-old patient during combined treatment with itraconazole and inhaled budesonide." Eur J Pediatr (2003):. [PMID: 12719971]
173 Edsbacker S, Andersson T "Pharmacokinetics of budesonide (Entocort EC) capsules for Crohn's disease." Clin Pharmacokinet 43 (2004): 803-21. [PMID: 15355126]
174 Jonsson G, Astrom A, Andersson P "Budesonide is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzymes in human liver." Drug Metab Dispos 23 (1995): 137-42. [PMID: 7720517]
175 Kedem E, Shahar E, Hassoun G, Pollack S "Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome due to coadministration of ritonavir and inhaled budesonide in an asthmatic human immunodeficiency virus infected patient." J Asthma 47 (2010): 830-1. [PMID: 20653496]
176 Main KM, Skov M, Sillesen IB, et al. "Cushing's syndrome due to pharmacological interaction in a cystic fibrosis patient." Acta Paediatr 91 (2002): 1008-11. [PMID: 12412882]
177 Molimard M, Girodet PO, Pollet C, et al. "Inhaled corticosteroids and adrenal insufficiency: prevalence and clinical presentation." Drug Saf 31 (2008): 769-74. [PMID: 18707191]
178 Product Information. Entocort (budesonide). AstraZeneca Pharma Inc, Mississauga, ON.
179 Raaska K, Niemi M, Neuvonen M, Neuvonen PJ, Kivisto KT "Plasma concentrations of inhaled budesonide and its effects on plasma cortisol are increased by the cytochrome P4503A4 inhibitor itraconazole." Clin Pharmacol Ther 72 (2002): 362-369. [PMID: 12386638]
180 Skov M, Main KM, Sillesen IB, Muller J, Koch C, Lanng S "Iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency as a side-effect of combined treatment of itraconazole and budesonide." Eur Respir J 20 (2002): 127-33. [PMID: 12166560]
181 Product Information. Buprenex (buprenorphine). Reckitt and Colman Pharmaceutical, Richmond, VA.
182 Product Information. Jevtana (cabazitaxel). sanofi-aventis , Bridgewater, NJ.
183 Product Information. Cometriq (cabozantinib). Exelixis Inc, S San Francisco, CA.
184 Product Information. Epidiolex (cannabidiol). Greenwich Biosciences Inc, Carlsbad, CA.
185 Product Information. Vraylar (cariprazine). Actavis Pharma, Inc., Parsippany, NJ.
186 Product Information. Zykadia (ceritinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
187 Hedaya MA, El-Afify DR, El-Maghraby GM "The effect of ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin on sildenafil oral bioavailability in human volunteers." Biopharm Drug Dispos 27 (2006): 103-10. [PMID: 16372380]
188 Herrlin K, Segerdahl M, Gustafsson LL, Kalso E "Methadone, ciprofloxacin, and adverse drug reactions." Lancet 356 (2000): 2069-70. [PMID: 11145498]
189 McLellan RA, Drobitch RK, Monshouwer M, Renton KW "Fluoroquinolone antibiotics inhibit cytochrome P450-mediated microsomal drug metabolism in rat and human." Drug Metab Dispos 24 (1996): 1134-8. [PMID: 8894516]
190 Product Information. Pletal (cilostazol). Otsuka American Pharmaceuticals, Rockville, MD.
191 Sawant RD "Rhabdomyolysis due to an uncommon interaction of ciprofloxacin with simvastatin." Can J Clin Pharmacol 16 (2009): e78-9. [PMID: 19151423]
192 Shahzadi A, Javed I, Aslam B, et al. "Therapeutic effects of ciprofloxacin on the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine in healthy adult male volunteers." Pak J Pharm Sci 24 (2011): 63-8. [PMID: 21190921]
193 Sriwiriyajan S, Samaeng M, Ridtitid W, Mahatthanatrakul W, Wongnawa M "Pharmacokinetic interactions between ciprofloxacin and itraconazole in healthy male volunteers." Biopharm Drug Dispos 32 (2011): 168-74. [PMID: 21360715]
194 Suri A, Bramer SL "Effect of omeprazole on the metabolism of cilostazol." Clin Pharmacokinet 37 (1999): 53-9. [PMID: 10702887]
195 Suri A, Forbes WP, Bramer SL "Effects of CYP3A inhibition on the metabolism of cilostazol." Clin Pharmacokinet 37 (1999): 61-8. [PMID: 10702888]
196 Bedford TA, Rowbotham DJ "Cisapride: drug interactions of clinical significance." Drug Saf 15 (1996): 167-75. [PMID: 8879971]
197 Bran S, Murray WA, Hirsch IB, Palmer JP "Long QT syndrome during high-dose cisapride." Arch Intern Med 155 (1995): 765-8. [PMID: 7695465]
198 Desta Z, Soukhova N, Mahal SK, Flockhart DA "Interaction of cisapride with the human cytochrome P450 system: metabolism and inhibition studies." Drug Metab Dispos 28 (2000): 789-800. [PMID: 10859153]
199 Gray VS "Syncopal episodes associated with cisapride and concurrent drugs." Ann Pharmacother 32 (1998): 648-51. [PMID: 9640482]
200 Lewin MB, Bryant RM, Fenrich AL, Grifka RG "Cisapride-induced long QT interval." J Pediatr 128 (1996): 279-81. [PMID: 8636830]
201 Michalets EL, Williams CR "Drug interactions with cisapride: clinical implications." Clin Pharmacokinet 39 (2000): 49-75. [PMID: 10926350]
202 Product Information. Propulsid (cisapride). Janssen Pharmaceutica, Titusville, NJ.
203 Product Information. Clolar (clofarabine). sanofi-aventis, Bridgewater, NJ.
204 Product Information. Stribild (cobicistat/elvitegravir/emtricitabine/tenofov). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
205 Product Information. Cotellic (cobimetinib). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
206 Devenport MH, Crook D, Wynn V, Lees LJ "Metabolic effects of low-dose fluconazole in healthy female users and non-users of oral contraceptives." Br J Clin Pharmacol 27 (1989): 851-9. [PMID: 2547410]
207 Lazar JD, Wilner KD "Drug interactions with fluconazole." Rev Infect Dis 12 Suppl 3 (1990): s327-33. [PMID: 2330488]
208 Pillans PI, Sparrow MJ "Pregnancy associated with a combined oral contraceptive and itraconazole." N Z Med J 106 (1993): 436. [PMID: 8414287]
209 Sinofsky FE, Pasquale SA "The effect of fluconazole on circulating ethinyl estradiol levels in women taking oral contraceptives." Am J Obstet Gynecol 178 (1998): 300-4. [PMID: 9500490]
210 Weisberg E "Interactions between oral contraceptives and antifungals antibacterials - Is contraceptive failure the result?." Clin Pharmacokinet 36 (1999): 309-13. [PMID: 10384856]
211 Product Information. Aliqopa (copanlisib). Bayer Pharmaceutical Inc, West Haven, CT.
212 Product Information. Xalkori (crizotinib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
213 Product Information. Daklinza (daclatasvir). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
214 Product Information. Enablex (darifenacin). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
215 Product Information. Sprycel (dasatinib). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
216 Ahonen J, Olkkola KT, Neuvonen PJ "The effect of the antimycotic itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of diazepam." Fundam Clin Pharmacol 10 (1996): 314-8. [PMID: 8836707]
217 Andersson T, Miners JO, Veronese ME, Birkett DJ "Diazepam metabolism by human liver microsomes is mediated by both S-mephenytoin hydroxylase and CYP3A isoforms." Br J Clin Pharmacol 38(2) (1994): 131-7. [PMID: 7981013]
218 Product Information. Cresemba (isavuconazonium). Astellas Pharma US, Inc, Deerfield, IL.
219 Product Information. Valium (diazepam). Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
220 Ausband SC, Goodman PE "An unusual case of clarithromycin associated ergotism." J Emerg Med 4 (2001): 411-3. [PMID: 11728770]
221 Bird PA, Sturgess AD "Clinical ergotism with severe bilateral upper limb ischaemia precipitated by an erythromycin - ergotamine drug interaction." Aust N Z J Med 30 (2000): 635-6. [PMID: 11108077]
222 Caballero-Granado FJ, Viciana P, Cordero E, Gomez-Vera MJ, del Nozal M, Lopez-Cortes LF "Ergotism related to concurrent administration of ergotamine tartrate and ritonavir in an AIDS patient." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41 (1997): 1207. [PMID: 9145904]
223 Eadie MJ "Clinically significant drug interactions with agents specific for migraine attacks." Cns Drugs 15 (2001): 105-18. [PMID: 11460889]
224 Francis H, Tyndall A, Webb J "Severe vascular spasm due to erythromycin-ergotamine interaction." Clin Rheumatol 3 (1984): 243-6. [PMID: 6236021]
225 Hayton AC "Precipitation of acute ergotism by triacetyloleandomycin." N Z Med J 69 (1969): 42. [PMID: 5304704]
226 Horowitz RS, Dart RC, Gomez HF "Clinical ergotism with lingual ischemia induced by clarithromycin-ergotamine interaction." Arch Intern Med 156 (1996): 456-8. [PMID: 8607732]
227 Leroy F, Asseman P, Pruvost P, Adnet P, Lacroix D, Thery C "Dihydroergotamine-erythromycin-induced ergotism." Ann Intern Med 109 (1988): 249. [PMID: 3389610]
228 Liaudet L, Buclin T, Jaccard C, Eckert P "Severe ergotism associated with interaction between ritonavir and ergotamine." Br Med J 318 (1999): 771. [PMID: 10082701]
229 Matthews NT, Havill JH "Ergotism with therapeutic doses of ergotamine tartrate." N Z Med J 89 (1979): 476-7. [PMID: 314074]
230 Montero A, Giovannoni AG, Tvrde PL "Leg ischemia in a patient receiving ritonavir and ergotamine." Ann Intern Med 130 (1999): 329. [PMID: 10068398]
231 Product Information. D.H.E. 45 (dihydroergotamine). Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ.
232 Product Information. Migranal (dihydroergotamine nasal). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
233 Rosenthal E, Sala F, Chichmanian RM, Batt M, Cassuto JP "Ergotism related to concurrent administration of ergotamine tartrate and indinavir." JAMA 281 (1999): 987. [PMID: 10086430]
234 Spiegel M, Schmidauer C, Kampfl A, Sarcletti M, Poewe W "Cerebral ergotism under treatment with ergotamine and ritonavir." Neurology 57 (2001): 743-4. [PMID: 11524501]
235 Srisuma S, Lavonas EJ, Wananukul W "Ergotism and factitious hypotension associated with interaction of ergotamine with CYP3A4 inhibitors." Clin Toxicol (Phila) (2014): 1-4. [PMID: 24978905]
236 Vila A, Mykietiuk A, Bonvehi P, Temporiti E, Uruena A, Herrera F "Clinical ergotism induced by ritonavir." Scand J Infect Dis 33 (2001): 788-9. [PMID: 11728055]
237 Product Information. Multaq (dronedarone). sanofi-aventis , Bridgewater, NJ.
238 Product Information. Duagen (dutasteride). GlaxoSmithKline Healthcare, Pittsburgh, PA.
239 Product Information. Copiktra (duvelisib). Verastem, Inc., Needham, MA.
240 Elsharkawy AM, Schwab U, McCarron B, et al. "Efavirenz induced acute liver failure requiring liver transplantation in a slow drug metaboliser." J Clin Virol 58 (2013): 331-3. [PMID: 23763943]
241 Product Information. Sustiva (efavirenz). DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
242 Product Information. Orilissa (elagolix). AbbVie US LLC, North Chicago, IL.
243 Product Information. Rozlytrek (entrectinib). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
244 Product Information. Xtandi (enzalutamide). Astellas Pharma US, Inc, Deerfield, IL.
245 Alderman CP, Gebauer MG, Gilbert AL, Condon JT "Possible interaction of zopiclone and nefazodone." Ann Pharmacother 35 (2001): 1378-80. [PMID: 11724087]
246 Aranko K, Luurila H, Backman JT, Neuvonen PJ, Olkkola KT "The effect of erythromycin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodymanics of zopiclone." Br J Clin Pharmacol 38 (1994): 363-7. [PMID: 7833227]
247 Becquemont L, Mouajjah S, Escaffre O, Beaune P, Funck-Bretano C, Jaillon P "Cytochrome P-450 3A4 and 2C8 are involved in zopiclone metabolism." Drug Metab Dispos 27 (1999): 1068-73. [PMID: 10460808]
248 Product Information. Imovane (zopiclone). Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Canada Inc, Laval, IN.
249 Product Information. Lunesta (eszopiclone). Sepracor Inc, Marlborough, MA.
250 Product Information. Intelence (etravirine). Ortho Biotech Inc, Bridgewater, NJ.
251 Product Information. Afinitor (everolimus). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
252 Product Information. Toviaz (fesoterodine). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
253 Product Information. Addyi (flibanserin). Sprout Pharmaceuticals, Raleigh, NC.
254 Product Information. Tavalisse (fostamatinib). Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA.
255 Li J, Zhao M, He P, Hidalgo M, Baker SD "Differential metabolism of gefitinib and erlotinib by human cytochrome p450 enzymes." Clin Cancer Res 13 (2007): 3731-7. [PMID: 17575239]
256 Product Information. Iressa (gefitinib). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
257 Product Information. Xospata (gilteritinib). Astellas Pharma US, Inc, Deerfield, IL.
258 Product Information. Daurismo (glasdegib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
259 Product Information. Accolate (zafirlukast). Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
260 Product Information. Zepatier (elbasvir-grazoprevir). Merck &amp Company Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ.
261 Product Information. Intuniv (guanfacine). Shire US Inc, Florence, KY.
262 Product Information. Imbruvica (ibrutinib). Pharmacyclics Inc, Sunnyvale, CA.
263 Product Information. Zydelig (idelalisib). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
264 Product Information. Gleevec (imatinib mesylate). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
265 Product Information. Kalydeco (ivacaftor). Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
266 Product Information. Orkambi (ivacaftor-lumacaftor). Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
267 Product Information. Ixempra (ixabepilone). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
268 Product Information. Tykerb (lapatinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
269 Product Information. Vitrakvi (larotrectinib). Bayer Pharmaceutical Inc, West Haven, CT.
270 Product Information. Xenleta (lefamulin). Nabriva Therapeutics US, Inc., King of Prussia, PA.
271 Product Information. Chirocaine (levobupivacaine) Organon, West Orange, NJ.
272 Product Information. Lorbrena (lorlatinib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
273 Product Information. Caplyta (lumateperone). Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, NY.
274 Product Information. Latuda (lurasidone). Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Marlborough, MA.
275 Product Information. Zepzelca (lurbinectedin). Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA.
276 Product Information. Opsumit (macitentan). Actelion Pharmaceuticals US Inc, South San Francisco, CA.
277 Product Information. Selzentry (maraviroc). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
278 Cobb MN, Desai J, Brown LS Jr, Zannikos PN, Rainey PM "The effect of fluconazole on the clinical pharmacokinetics of methadone." Clin Pharmacol Ther 63 (1998): 655-62. [PMID: 9663180]
279 De Bels D, Staroukine M, Devriendt J "Torsades de pointes due to methadone." Ann Intern Med 139 (2003): E156. [PMID: 12859181]
280 Ehret GB, Desmeules JA, Broers B "Methadone-associated long QT syndrome: improving pharmacotherapy for dependence on illegal opioids and lessons learned for pharmacology." Expert Opin Drug Saf 6 (2007): 289-303. [PMID: 17480178]
281 Foster DJ, Somogyi AA, Bochner F "Methadone N-demethylation in human liver microsomes: lack of stereoselectivity and involvement of CYP3A4." Br J Clin Pharmacol 47 (1999): 403-12. [PMID: 10233205]
282 Gil M, Sala M, Anguera I, et al. "QT prolongation and Torsades de Pointes in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus and treated with methadone." Am J Cardiol 92 (2003): 995-7. [PMID: 14556883]
283 Harder S, Thurmann P "Clinically important drug interactions with anticoagulants: an update." Clin Pharmacokinet 30 (1996): 416-44. [PMID: 8792056]
284 Inhibition of cytochromes P450 by antifungal imidazole derivatives. Drug Metab Dispos 30 (2002): 314-8. [PMID: 11854151]
285 Iribarne C, Berthou F, Baird S, Dreano Y, Picart D, Bail JP, Beaune P, Menez JF "Involvement of cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme in the N-demethylation of methadone in human liver microsomes." Chem Res Toxicol 9 (1996): 365-73. [PMID: 8839037]
286 Krantz MJ, Kutinsky IB, Robertson AD, Mehler PS "Dose-related effects of methadone on QT prolongation in a series of patients with torsade de pointes." Pharmacotherapy 23 (2003): 802-5. [PMID: 12820821]
287 Krantz MJ, Lewkowiez L, Hays H, et al "Torsade de pointes associated with very-high-dose methadone." Ann Intern Med 137 (2002): 501-4. [PMID: 12230351]
288 Krantz MJ, Mehler PS "Synthetic opioids and QT prolongation." Arch Intern Med 163 (2003): 1615 author reply 1615. [PMID: 12860589]
289 Mokwe EO, Ositadinma O "Torsade de pointes due to methadone." Ann Intern Med 139 (2003): W64. [PMID: 12966000]
290 Moody DE, Alburges ME, Parker RJ, Collings JM, Strong JM "The involvement of cytochrome P450 3A4 in the N-demethylation of L-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM), norLAAM, and methadone." Drug Metab Dispos 25 (1997): 1347-53. [PMID: 9394023]
291 Sala M, Anguera I, Cervantes M "Torsade de pointes due to methadone." Ann Intern Med 139 (2003): W64. [PMID: 12966001]
292 Tarumi Y, Pereira J, Watanabe S "Methadone and fluconazole: respiratory depression by drug interaction." J Pain Symptom Manage 23 (2002): 148-53. [PMID: 11844635]
293 Walker PW, Klein D, Kasza L "High dose methadone and ventricular arrhythmias: a report of three cases." Pain 103 (2003): 321-4. [PMID: 12791438]
294 Zhang W, Ramamoorthy Y, Kilicarslan T, Nolte H, Tyndale RF, Sellers EM. [PMID: 11854151]
295 Oda Y, Kharasch ED "Metabolism of methadone and levo-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) by human intestinal cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4): potential contribution of intestinal metabolism to presystemic clearance and bioactivation." J Pharmacol Exp Ther 298 (2001): 1021-32. [PMID: 11504799]
296 Product Information. Methotrexate (methotrexate). Lederle Laboratories, Wayne, NJ.
297 Product Information. Symproic (naldemedine). Shionogi USA Inc, Florham Park, NJ.
298 Product Information. ReVia (naltrexone). DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
299 Product Information. Tasigna (nilotinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
300 Product Information. Lynparza (olaparib). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
301 Product Information. Tagrisso (osimertinib). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
302 Bergmann TK, Filppula AM, Launiainen T, Nielsen F, Backman J, Brosen K "Neurotoxicity and low paclitaxel clearance associated with concomitant clopidogrel therapy in a 60 year old Caucasian woman with ovarian carcinoma." Br J Clin Pharmacol (2015):. [PMID: 26446447]
303 Bun SS, Ciccolini J, Bun H, Aubert C, Catalin J "Drug interactions of paclitaxel metabolism in human liver microsomes." J Chemother 15 (2003): 266-74. [PMID: 12868554]
304 Jamis-Dow CA, Klecker RW, Katki AG, Collins JM "Metabolism of Taxol by human liver microsomes and effect of inhibitors (Meeting abstract)." Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res 34 (1993): a21981993.
305 Product Information. Abraxane (paclitaxel protein-bound). American Pharmaceutical Partners, Schaumberg, IL.
306 Product Information. Taxol (paclitaxel). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
307 Spencer CM, Faulds D "Paclitaxel. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential in the treatment of cancer." Drugs 48 (1994): 794-847. [PMID: 7530632]
308 Starr SP, Hammann F, Gotta V, et al. "Pharmacokinetic interaction between taxanes and amiodarone leading to severe toxicity." Br J Clin Pharmacol 450 (2016): 22-27. [PMID: 27868228]
309 Product Information. Ibrance (palbociclib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
310 Hamberg P, Woo MM, Chen LC, et al. "Effect of ketoconazole-mediated CYP3A4 inhibition on clinical pharmacokinetics of panobinostat (LBH589), an orally active histone deacetylase inhibitor." Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 68 (2011): 805-13. [PMID: 21706316]
311 Product Information. Farydak (panobinostat). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
312 Product Information. Votrient (pazopanib). GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
313 Product Information. Avonex (interferon beta-1a). Biogen, Cambridge, MA.
314 Product Information. Betaseron (interferon beta-1b). Berlex, Richmond, CA.
315 Product Information. Plegridy (peginterferon beta-1a). Biogen Idec Inc, Cambridge, MA.
316 Product Information. Rebif (interferon beta-1a). Serono Laboratories Inc, Norwell, MA.
317 Product Information. Pemazyre (pemigatinib). Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE.
318 Product Information. Nuplazid (pimavanserin). Accelis Pharma, East Windsor, NJ.
319 Glassman AH, Bigger JT Jr "Antipsychotic drugs: prolonged QTc interval, torsade de pointes, and sudden death." Am J Psychiatry 158 (2001): 1774-82. [PMID: 11691681]
320 Krahenbuhl S, Sauter B, Kupferschmidt H, Krause M, Wyss PA, Meier PJ "Case report: reversible QT prolongation with torsades de pointes in a patient with pimozide intoxication." Am J Med Sci 309 (1995): 315-6. [PMID: 7771501]
321 Product Information. Orap Tablets (pimozide). Gate Pharmaceuticals, Sellersville, PA.
322 Product Information. Polivy (polatuzumab vedotin). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
323 Product Information. Iclusig (ponatinib). Ariad Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
324 Product Information. Gavreto (pralsetinib). Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
325 Product Information. Rythmol SR (propafenone). GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
326 Botsch S, Gautier JC, Beaune P, Eichelbaum M, Kroemer HK "Identification and characterization of the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in N-dealkylation of propafenone: molecular base for interaction potential and variable disposition of active metabolites." Mol Pharmacol 43 (1993): 120-6. [PMID: 8423765]
327 DeVane CL, Nemeroff CB "Clinical pharmacokinetics of quetiapine - An atypical antipsychotic." Clin Pharmacokinet 40 (2001): 509-22. [PMID: 11510628]
328 Grimm SW, Richtand NM, Winter HR, Stams KR, Reele SB "Effects of cytochrome P450 3A modulators ketoconazole and carbamazepine on quetiapine pharmacokinetics." Br J Clin Pharmacol 61 (2006): 58-69. [PMID: 16390352]
329 Hantson P, Di Fazio V, Wallemacq P "Toxicokinetic interaction between quetiapine and antiretroviral therapy following quetiapine overdose." Drug Metab Lett 4 (2010): 7-8. [PMID: 20201782]
330 Product Information. Seroquel (quetiapine). Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
331 Quetiapine for schizophrenia. Med Lett Drugs Ther 39 (1997): 117-8. [PMID: 9422044]
332 Spina E, de Leon J "Metabolic drug interactions with newer antipsychotics: a comparative review." Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 100 (2007): 4-22. [PMID: 17214606]
333 Spina E, Scordo MG, D'Arrigo C "Metabolic drug interactions with new psychotropic agents." Fundam Clin Pharmacol 17 (2003): 517-38. [PMID: 14703714]
334 Urichuk L, Prior TI, Dursun S, Baker G "Metabolism of atypical antipsychotics: involvement of cytochrome p450 enzymes and relevance for drug-drug interactions." Curr Drug Metab 9 (2008): 410-8. [PMID: 18537577]
335 Schulz-Du Bois C, Schulz-Du Bois AC, Bewig B, et al. "Major increase of quetiapine steady-state plasma concentration following co-administration of clarithromycin: confirmation of the pharmacokinetic interaction potential of quetiapine." Pharmacopsychiatry 41 (2008): 258-9. [PMID: 19067264]
336 Mirghani RA, Ericsson O, Tybring G, Gustafsson LL, Bertilsson L "Quinine 3-hydroxylation as a biomarker reaction for the activity of CYP3A4 in man." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 59 (2003): 23-8. [PMID: 12743670]
337 Mirghani RA, Hellgren U, Bertilsson L, Gustafsson LL, Ericsson O "Metabolism and elimination of quinine in healthy volunteers." Eur J Clin Pharmacol (2003):. [PMID: 12920491]
338 Mirghani RA, Hellgren U, Westerberg PA, Ericsson O, Bertilsson L, Gustafsson LL "The roles of cytochrome P450 3A4 and 1A2 in the 3-hydroxylation of quinine in vivo." Clin Pharmacol Ther 66 (1999): 454-60. [PMID: 10579472]
339 Mirghani RA, Yasar U, Zheng T, et al "Enzyme kinetics for the formation of 3-hydroxyquinine and three new metabolites of quinine in vitro 3-hydroxylation by CYP3A4 is indeed the major metabolic pathway." Drug Metab Dispos 30 (2002): 1368-71. [PMID: 12433805]
340 Product Information. Qualaquin (quinine). AR Scientific Inc, Philadelphia, PA.
341 Wanwimolruk S, Paine MF, Pusek SN, Watkins PB "Is quinine a suitable probe to assess the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4?" Br J Clin Pharmacol 54 (2002): 643-51. [PMID: 12492613]
342 Zhang H, Coville PF, Walker RJ, Miners JO, Birkett DJ, Wanwimolruk S "Evidence for involvement of human CYP3A in the 3-hydroxylation of quinine." Br J Clin Pharmacol 43 (1997): 245-52. [PMID: 9088578]
343 Zhao XJ, Ishizaki T "A further interaction study of quinine with clinically important drugs by human liver microsomes: determinations of inhibition constant (K-i) and type of inhibition." Eur J Drug Metab Pharm 24 (1999): 272-8. [PMID: 10716067]
344 Zhao XJ, Ishizaki T "Metabolic interactions of selected antimalarial and non-antimalarial drugs with the major pathway (3-hydroxylation) of quinine in human liver microsomes." Br J Clin Pharmacol 44 (1997): 505-11. [PMID: 9384469]
345 European Medicines Agency "Summary on compassionate use. Remdesivir Gilead.".
346 Gilead Sciences, Inc "About Remdesivir.".
347 US Food and Drug Administration "Fact sheet for health care providers emergency use authorization (EUA) of remdesivir (GS-5734TM)".
348 Bidstrup TB, Bjornsdottir I, Sidelmann UG, Thomsen MS, Hansen KT "CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 are the principal enzymes involved in the human in vitro biotransformation of the insulin secretagogue repaglinide." Br J Clin Pharmacol 56 (2003): 305-14. [PMID: 12919179]
349 Hatorp V, Hansen KT, Thomsen MS "Influence of drugs interacting with CYP3A4 on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of the prandial glucose regulator repaglinide." J Clin Pharmacol 43 (2003): 649-60. [PMID: 12817528]
350 Khamaisi M, Leitersdorf E "Severe hypoglycemia from clarithromycin-repaglinide drug interaction." Pharmacotherapy 28 (2008): 682-4. [PMID: 18447665]
351 Niemi M, Neuvonen PJ, Kivisto KT "The cytochrome P4503A4 inhibitor clarithromycin increases the plasma concentrations and effects of repaglinide." Clin Pharmacol Ther 70 (2001): 58-65. [PMID: 11452245]
352 Product Information. Prandin (repaglinide). Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals Inc, Princeton, NJ.
353 Tornio A, Niemi M, Neuvonen M, et al. "The effect of gemfibrozil on repaglinide pharmacokinetics persists for at least 12 h after the dose: evidence for mechanism-based inhibition of CYP2C8 in vivo." Clin Pharmacol Ther 84 (2008): 403-11. [PMID: 18388877]
354 Niemi M, Backman JT, Neuvonen M, Neuvonen PJ "Effects of gemfibrozil, itraconazole, and their combination on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of repaglinide: potentially hazardous interaction between gemfibrozil and repaglinide." Diabetologia 46 (2003): 347-51. [PMID: 12687332]
355 Product Information. Kisqali (ribociclib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
356 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Canadian Product Information.".
357 Product Information. Edurant (rilpivirine). Tibotec Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
358 Product Information. Qinlock (ripretinib). Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA.
359 Product Information. Xarelto (rivaroxaban). Bayer Inc, Toronto, IA.
360 Product Information. Onglyza (saxagliptin). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
361 Product Information. Retevmo (selpercatinib). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
362 Product Information. Koselugo (selumetinib). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
363 Product Information. Rapaflo (silodosin). Watson Pharmaceuticals, Corona, CA.
364 Product Information. VESIcare (solifenacin). GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
365 Product Information. Diacomit (stiripentol). Biocodex Inc, Creswell, OR.
366 Product Information. Belsomra (suvorexant). Merck & Company Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ.
367 Product Information. Cialis (tadalafil). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
368 Franco-Salinas G, de la Rosette JJ, Michel MC "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tamsulosin in its modified-release and oral controlled absorption system formulations." Clin Pharmacokinet 49 (2010): 177-88. [PMID: 20170206]
369 Kamimura H, Oishi S, Matsushima H, et al. "Identification of cytochrome P450 isozymes involved in metabolism of the alpha1-adrenoceptor blocker tamsulosin in human liver microsomes." Xenobiotica 28 (1998): 909-22. [PMID: 9849639]
370 Product Information. Flomax (tamsulosin). Boehringer-Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT.
371 Product Information. Varubi (rolapitant). Tesaro Inc., Waltham, MA.
372 Product Information. Hetlioz (tasimelteon). Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc, Rockville, MD.
373 Product Information. Torisel (temsirolimus). Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
374 Product Information. Brilinta (ticagrelor). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
375 Product Information. Aubagio (teriflunomide). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
376 Product Information. Tabloid (thioguanine). Prasco Laboratories, Cincinnati, OH.
377 Brynne N, Forslund C, Hallen B, Gustafsson LL, Bertilsson L "Ketoconazole inhibits the metabolism of tolterodine in subjects with deficient CYP2D6 activity." Br J Clin Pharmacol 48 (1999): 564-72. [PMID: 10583027]
378 Product Information. Detrol (tolterodine). Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
379 Product Information. Fareston (toremifene). Schering Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ.
380 Product Information. Yondelis (trabectedin). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
381 Product Information. Ubrelvy (ubrogepant). Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA.
382 Product Information. Bextra (valdecoxib). Pharmacia Corporation, Peapack, NJ.
383 Product Information. Levitra (vardenafil). Bayer, West Haven, CT.
384 Product Information. Venclexta (venetoclax). AbbVie US LLC, North Chicago, IL.
385 Product Information. Effexor (venlafaxine). Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
386 Product Information. Viibryd (vilazodone). Trovis Pharmaceuticals LLC, New Haven, CT.
387 Product Information. Brukinsa (zanubrutinib). BeiGene USA, Inc, San Mateo, CA.
388 Farkas D, Volak L, Harmatz J, von Moltke L, Court M, Greenblatt D "Short-term clarithromycin administration impairs clearance and enhances pharmacodynamic effects of trazodone but not of zolpidem." Clin Pharmacol Ther 85 (2009): 644-50. [PMID: 19242403]
389 Greenblatt DJ, von Moltke LL, Harmatz JS, et al. "Differential impairment of triazolam and zolpidem clearance by ritonavir." J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 24 (2000): 129-36. [PMID: 10935688]
390 Greenblatt DJ, vonMoltke LL, Harmatz JS, Mertzanis P, Graf JA, Durol ALB, Counihan M, RothSchechter B, Shader RI "Kinetic and dynamic interaction study of zolpidem with ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole." Clin Pharmacol Ther 64 (1998): 661-71. [PMID: 9871431]
391 Luurila H, Kivisto KT, Neuvonen PJ "Effect of itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zolpidem." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 54 (1998): 163-6. [PMID: 9626922]
392 Product Information. Ambien (zolpidem). sanofi-aventis, Bridgewater, NJ.
393 Product Information. Norvir (ritonavir). Abbott Pharmaceutical, Abbott Park, IL.
394 Saari TI, Laine K, Leino K, Valtonen M, Neuvonen PJ, Olkkola KT "Effect of voriconazole on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zolpidem in healthy subjects." Br J Clin Pharmacol 63 (2007): 116-20. [PMID: 16822278]
395 Nakasa H, Nakamura H, Ono S, Tsutsui M, Kiuchi M, Ohmori S, Kitada M "Prediction of drug-drug interactions of zonisamide metabolism in humans from in vitro data." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 54 (1998): 177-83. [PMID: 9626925]
396 Product Information. Zonegran (zonisamide) Elan Pharmaceuticals, S. San Francisco, CA.
397 Product Information. Tikosyn (dofetilide) Pfizer US Pharmaceuticals, Atlanta, GA.
398 Product Information. Relpax (eletriptan). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
399 Hyland R, Roe GH, Jones BC, Smith DA "Identification of the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the N-demethylation of sildenafil." Br J Clin Pharmaacol 51 (2001): 239-48. [PMID: 11298070]
400 Product Information. Revatio (sildenafil). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
401 Product Information. Viagra (sildenafil). Pfizer US Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
402 Warrington JS, Shader RI, vonMoltke LL, Greenblatt DJ "In vitro biotransformation of sildenafil (Viagra): Identification of human cytochromes and potential drug interactions." Drug Metab Disposition 28 (2000): 392-7. [PMID: 10725306]
403 Product Information. Celexa (citalopram). Forest Pharmaceuticals, St. Louis, MO.
404 Product Information. Lexapro (escitalopram). Forest Pharmaceuticals, St. Louis, MO.
405 Saag MS, Powderly WG, Cloud GA, et al "Comparison of amphotericin B with fluconazole in the treatment of acute AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis." N Engl J Med 326 (1992): 83-9
406 Product Information. Fungizone (amphotericin B). Apothecon Inc, Plainsboro, NJ.
407 Product Information. Ambisome (amphotericin B liposomal) Nexstar Pharmaceuticals, San Dimas, CA.
408 Product Information. Agenerase (amprenavir). Glaxo Wellcome, Research Triangle Pk, NC.
409 Product Information. Nuvigil (armodafinil). Cephalon Inc, West Chester, PA.
410 Product Information. Provigil (modafinil). Cephalon, Inc, West Chester, PA.
411 Product Information. Tivicay (dolutegravir). ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, NC.
412 Product Information. Aricept (donepezil). Pfizer US Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
413 Rojas-Fernandez C, Fisher C "Drug interactions and donepezil." J Am Geriat Soc 40 (2000): 597-8. [PMID: 10811561]
414 Tiseo PJ, Perdomo CA, Friedhoff LT "Concurrent administration of donepezil HCl and ketoconazole: assessment of pharmacokinetic changes following single and multiple doses." Br J Clin Pharmacol 46 (1998): 30-4. [PMID: 9839763]
415 Product Information. Pifeltro (doravirine). Merck & Company Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ.
416 Product Information. Allegra (fexofenadine). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
417 Product Information. Allegra-D (fexofenadine-pseudoephedrine). Chattem Consumer Products, Chattanooga, TN.
418 Product Information. Arcapta Neohaler (indacaterol). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
419 Dimartini A "Isoniazid, tricyclics and the ''cheese reaction''." Int Clin Psychopharmacol 10 (1995): 197-8. [PMID: 8675973]
420 Product Information. Kaletra (lopinavir-ritonavir) Abbott Pharmaceutical, Abbott Park, IL.
421 Product Information. Myrbetriq (mirabegron). Astellas Pharma US, Inc, Deerfield, IL.
422 Product Information. Elidel (pimecrolimus topical). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
423 Product Information. Altabax (retapamulin topical). GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
424 Ekstrom G, Gunnarsson UB "Ropivacaine, a new amide-type local anesthetic agent, is metabolized by cytochromes P450 1A and 3A in human liver microsomes." Drug Metab Dispos 24 (1996): 955-61. [PMID: 8886604]
425 Halldin MM, Bredberg E, Angelin B, Arvidsson T, Askemark Y, Elofsson S, Widman M "Metabolism and excretion of ropivacaine in humans." Drug Metab Dispos 24 (1996): 962-8. [PMID: 8886605]
426 Jokinen MJ, Ahonen J, Neuvonen PJ, Olkkola KT "The effect of erythromycin, fluvoxamine, and their combination on the pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine." Anesth Analg 91 (2000): 1207-12. [PMID: 11049910]
427 McClure JH "Ropivacaine." Br J Anaesth 76 (1996): 300-7. [PMID: 8777115]
428 Oda Y, Furuichi K, Tanaka K, Hiroi T, Imaoka S, Asada A, Fujimori M, Funae Y "Metabolism of a new local anesthetic, ropivacaine, by human hepatic cytochrome P450." Anesthesiology 82 (1995): 214-20. [PMID: 7832304]
429 Product Information. Naropin (ropivacaine). Astra USA, Westborough, MA.
430 Arlander E, Ekstrom G, Alm C, Carrillo JA, Bielenstein M, Bottiger Y, Bertilsson L, Gustafsson LL "Metabolism of ropivacaine in humans is mediated by CYP1A2 and to a minor extent by CYP3A4: An interaction study with fluvoxamine and ketoconazole as in vivo inhibitors." Clin Pharmacol Ther 64 (1998): 484-91. [PMID: 9834040]
431 Product Information. Jakafi (ruxolitinib). Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE.
432 Product Information. Meridia (sibutramine). Knoll Pharmaceutical Company, Whippany, NJ.
433 Product Information. ella (ulipristal). Afaxys Inc., Charleston, SC.
434 Miceli JJ, Smith M, Robarge L, Morse T, Laurent A "The effects of ketoconazole on ziprasidone pharmacokinetics--a placebo-controlled crossover study in healthy volunteers." Br J Clin Pharmacol 49(suppl 1) (2000): s71-6. [PMID: 10771458]
435 Product Information. Geodon (ziprasidone). Pfizer US Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
436 Wilner KD, Hansen RA, Folger CJ, Geoffroy P "The pharmacokinetics of ziprasidone in healthy volunteers treated with cimetidine or antacid." Br J Clin Pharmacol 49(Suppl 1) (2000): 57S-60S. [PMID: 10771455]
437 Prakash C, Kamel A, Cui D, Whalen RD, Miceli JJ, Tweedie D "Identification of the major human liver cytochrome P450 isoform(s) responsible for the formation of the primary metabolites of ziprasidone and prediction of possible drug interactions." Br J Clin Pharmacol 49(Suppl 1) (2000): 35S-42S. [PMID: 10771452]