Details of Drug

Drug General Information (ID: D0071)
Drug Name	Amobarbital
Drug Type	Small molecule
Drug Synonymous	AMAL; Amasust; Amital; Amobarbitale; Amobarbitalum; Amobarbitone; Amospan; Amybal; Amylbarbitone; Amylobarbital; Amylobarbitone; Amytal; Barbamil; Barbamyl; Binoctal; Dorlotyn; Dormytal; Eunoctal; Isomyl; Isomytal; Mylodorm; Pentymal; Pentymalum; Robarb; Schiwanox; Sednotic; Somnal; Stadadorm; Sumital; Talamo; Amobarbital suppository dosage form; Amobarbitale [DCIT]; Barbamyl acid; Component of Dexamyl; Ethylisopentylbarbituric acid; Isoamylethylbarbituric acid; Amobarbital [INN:JAN]; Amobarbitalum [INN-Latin]; Component of 15-90; Component of Amo-Dextrosule; Component of Q-Caps; Isomytal (TN); Amobarbital (JP15/INN); 5-Ethyl-5-(3-methylbutyl)-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione; 5-Ethyl-5-(3-methylbutyl)barbituric acid;5-Ethyl-5-isoamylbarbituric acid; 5-Ethyl-5-isoamylmalonyl urea; 5-Ethyl-5-isopentylbarbituric acid; 5-Ethyl-5-isopentylbarbitursaeure; 5-Isoamyl-5-ethylbarbituric acid; 5-ethyl-5-(3-methylbutyl)-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione; 5-ethyl-5-(3-methylbutyl)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione Click to Show/Hide
Disease Class	7A00-7A0Z: Insomnia
Therapeutic Class	Anxiolytics/Sedatives/Hypnotics
Structure
Structure	3D Structure		2D Structure
Formula	C11H18N2O3
InChI	1S/C11H18N2O3/c1-4-11(6-5-7(2)3)8(14)12-10(16)13-9(11)15/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3,(H2,12,13,14,15,16)
InChIKey	VIROVYVQCGLCII-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Canonical SMILES	CCC1(C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O)CCC(C)C
External Link
	Pubchem ID	2164
	CAS Number	57-43-2
	CHEBI ID	2673
	TTD ID	D0R6BR

Drug-Drug Interaction Network
Sunburst Graph		Legend Information AM001 Affected gastrointestinal absorption AM004 Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism AM006 Pharmacodynamic additive effects AM007 Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects BM004 Adsorption BM009 Altered absorption (Unspecific) BM017 CYP450 enzyme inhibition BM022 CYP450 enzyme induction BM023 UGT induction BM026 Increased metabolism (Unspecific) BM036 Additive cardiorespiratory depression effects BM038 Additive CNS depression effects BM042 Additive hypotensive effects BM087 Antagonize the effect of antiepileptic agents BM107 Attenuated pharmacological effects (Unspecific)
Relation Graph

Full list of drugs interacting with Amobarbital
Affected gastrointestinal absorption
	Adsorption					Drug Num: 1
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0021		Activated charcoal	C	5462310	Moderate		Inter Info	[82], [83], [84], [85], [86], [87], [88], [89], [90], [91], [92], [93], [94], [95], [96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [106]
	Altered absorption (Unspecific)					Drug Num: 2
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0741		Griseofulvin	C17H17ClO6	441140	Moderate		Inter Info	[390], [391], [392]
D0337		Cimetidine	C10H16N6S	2756	Minor		Inter Info	[499]
Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
	CYP450 enzyme inhibition					Drug Num: 1
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0676		Fluoxetine	C17H18F3NO	3386	Minor		Inter Info	[503], [504]
	CYP450 enzyme induction					Drug Num: 261
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0959		Lumateperone	C24H28FN3O	21302490	Major		Inter Info	[7]
D0087		Anisindione	C16H12O3	2197	Major		Inter Info	[8], [9], [10]
D0481		Dicoumarol	C19H12O6	54676038	Major		Inter Info	[8], [9], [10]
D1383		Ranolazine	C24H33N3O4	56959	Major		Inter Info	[41]
D1711		Warfarin	C19H16O4	54678486	Major		Inter Info	[42], [8], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [9], [49], [50], [10]
D0010		Acebutolol	C18H28N2O4	1978	Moderate		Inter Info	[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]
D0011		Acetaminophen	C8H9NO2	1983	Moderate		Inter Info	[57], [58], [59], [60]
D0048		Altretamine	C9H18N6	2123	Moderate		Inter Info	[66]
D0064		Aminophylline	C16H24N10O4	9433	Moderate		Inter Info	[70], [71], [72], [73]
D0068		Amitriptyline	C20H23N	2160	Moderate		Inter Info	[74], [75], [76]
D0069		Amlodipine	C20H25ClN2O5	2162	Moderate		Inter Info	[77], [78], [79]
D0006		Abemaciclib	C27H32F2N8	46220502	Moderate		Inter Info	[80]
D0008		Acalabrutinib	C26H23N7O2	71226662	Moderate		Inter Info	[81]
D0044		Alpelisib	C19H22F3N5O2S	56649450	Moderate		Inter Info	[107]
D0096		Apixaban	C25H25N5O4	10182969	Moderate		Inter Info	[108]
D0099		Apremilast	C22H24N2O7S	11561674	Moderate		Inter Info	[109]
D0106		Armodafinil	C15H15NO2S	9690109	Moderate		Inter Info	[110], [111]
D0108		Artemether	C16H26O5	68911	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [4], [112]
D0128		Avanafil	C23H26ClN7O3	9869929	Moderate		Inter Info	[113]
D0129		Avapritinib	C26H27FN10	118023034	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [114]
D0133		Axitinib	C22H18N4OS	6450551	Moderate		Inter Info	[115], [116]
D0149		Bedaquiline	C32H31BrN2O2	5388906	Moderate		Inter Info	[117]
D0157		Bendamustine	C16H21Cl2N3O2	65628	Moderate		Inter Info	[118]
D0181		Bictegravir	C21H18F3N3O5	90311989	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [119], [120]
D0192		Boceprevir	C27H45N5O5	10324367	Moderate		Inter Info	[121], [122]
D0195		Bosutinib	C26H29Cl2N5O3	5328940	Moderate		Inter Info	[123]
D0204		Brigatinib	C29H39ClN7O2P	68165256	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [4], [125]
D0227		Cabazitaxel	C45H57NO14	9854073	Moderate		Inter Info	[126]
D0251		Capmatinib	C23H17FN6O	25145656	Moderate		Inter Info	[128]
D0302		Ceritinib	C28H36ClN5O3S	57379345	Moderate		Inter Info	[129]
D0376		Cobimetinib	C21H21F3IN3O2	16222096	Moderate		Inter Info	[130]
D0389		Copanlisib	C23H28N8O4	135565596	Moderate		Inter Info	[131]
D0393		Crizotinib	C21H22Cl2FN5O	11626560	Moderate		Inter Info	[132], [4], [133]
D0425		Darolutamide	C19H19ClN6O2	67171867	Moderate		Inter Info	[134]
D0490		Digitoxin	C41H64O13	441207	Moderate		Inter Info	[135], [136]
D0518		Doravirine	C17H11ClF3N5O3	58460047	Moderate		Inter Info	[137], [138]
D0527		Doxercalciferol	C28H44O2	5281107	Moderate		Inter Info	[139], [140], [141], [142]
D0534		Dronedarone	C31H44N2O5S	208898	Moderate		Inter Info	[143]
D0536		Drospirenone	C24H30O3	68873	Moderate		Inter Info	[144], [145], [146], [147], [148], [149], [150], [151], [152], [153], [154], [155], [156], [157], [158], [159], [160], [161], [162], [163]
D0543		Duvelisib	C22H17ClN6O	50905713	Moderate		Inter Info	[164]
D0555		Elagolix	C32H30F5N3O5	11250647	Moderate		Inter Info	[165]
D0556		Elbasvir	C49H55N9O7	71661251	Moderate		Inter Info	[166]
D0559		Eliglustat	C23H36N2O4	23652731	Moderate		Inter Info	[167]
D0569		Encorafenib	C22H27ClFN7O4S	50922675	Moderate		Inter Info	[168]
D0577		Entrectinib	C31H34F2N6O2	25141092	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [169]
D0578		Enzalutamide	C21H16F4N4O2S	15951529	Moderate		Inter Info	[170]
D0605		Esterified estrogens	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[144], [172], [145], [173], [146], [148], [174], [175], [176], [177], [149], [178], [150], [151], [179], [152], [180], [153], [154], [181], [182], [183], [184], [185], [157], [186], [158], [187], [188], [159], [189], [190], [191], [192], [193], [194], [195], [163], [196], [197], [198], [199], [200], [201], [202], [203], [204]
D0610		Estrone sulfate	C18H22O5S	3001028	Moderate		Inter Info	[146], [179], [197]
D0628		Etravirine	C20H15BrN6O	193962	Moderate		Inter Info	[205]
D0629		Everolimus	C53H83NO14	6442177	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [4], [206]
D0655		Fesoterodine	C26H37NO3	6918558	Moderate		Inter Info	[207]
D0693		Fosaprepitant	C23H22F7N4O6P	135413538	Moderate		Inter Info	[209], [210]
D0699		Fostamatinib	C23H26FN6O9P	11671467	Moderate		Inter Info	[214], [215], [216]
D0720		Gilteritinib	C29H44N8O3	49803313	Moderate		Inter Info	[217]
D0725		Glasdegib	C21H22N6O	25166913	Moderate		Inter Info	[218]
D0726		Glecaprevir	C38H46F4N6O9S	66828839	Moderate		Inter Info	[219]
D0785		Ibrutinib	C25H24N6O2	24821094	Moderate		Inter Info	[220]
D0789		Idelalisib	C22H18FN7O	11625818	Moderate		Inter Info	[221]
D0852		Isavuconazonium	C35H35F2N8O5S+	6918606	Moderate		Inter Info	[222]
D0868		Ivabradine	C27H36N2O5	132999	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [223]
D0869		Ivacaftor	C24H28N2O3	16220172	Moderate		Inter Info	[224], [225], [226], [227]
D0873		Ixabepilone	C27H42N2O5S	6445540	Moderate		Inter Info	[228]
D0874		Ixazomib	C14H19BCl2N2O4	25183872	Moderate		Inter Info	[229]
D0896		Larotrectinib	C21H22F2N6O2	46188928	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [4], [230]
D0899		Lefamulin	C28H45NO5S	25185057	Moderate		Inter Info	[232]
D0901		Lemborexant	C22H20F2N4O2	56944144	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [233]
D0905		Lesinurad	C17H14BrN3O2S	53465279	Moderate		Inter Info	[234], [235]
D0911		Levamlodipine	C20H25ClN2O5	9822750	Moderate		Inter Info	[77], [78], [79]
D0930		Linagliptin	C25H28N8O2	10096344	Moderate		Inter Info	[238]
D0935		Liotrix	C30H21I7N2Na2O8	71371	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [239], [240]
D0946		Lonafarnib	C27H31Br2ClN4O2	148195	Moderate		Inter Info	[241]
D0962		Lurbinectedin	C41H44N4O10S	57327016	Moderate		Inter Info	[242]
D0965		Macimorelin	C26H30N6O3	9804938	Moderate		Inter Info	[243]
D0966		Macitentan	C19H20Br2N6O4S	16004692	Moderate		Inter Info	[244], [245]
D0980		Maraviroc	C29H41F2N5O	3002977	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [246]
D1062		Midostaurin	C35H30N4O4	9829523	Moderate		Inter Info	[247], [248]
D1104		Naloxegol	C34H53NO11	56959087	Moderate		Inter Info	[249]
D1114		Nebivolol	C22H25F2NO4	71301	Moderate		Inter Info	[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]
D1136		Nilotinib	C28H22F3N7O	644241	Moderate		Inter Info	[250]
D1157		Norgestrel	C21H28O2	13109	Moderate		Inter Info	[146], [160], [161]
D1167		Olaparib	C24H23FN4O3	23725625	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [4], [251]
D1189		Osilodrostat	C13H10FN3	44139752	Moderate		Inter Info	[214], [252], [216]
D1190		Osimertinib	C28H33N7O2	71496458	Moderate		Inter Info	[253]
D1214		Palbociclib	C24H29N7O2	5330286	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [4], [254]
D1221		Panobinostat	C21H23N3O2	6918837	Moderate		Inter Info	[255]
D1232		Pazopanib	C21H23N7O2S	10113978	Moderate		Inter Info	[256]
D1242		Pemigatinib	C24H27F2N5O4	86705695	Moderate		Inter Info	[257]
D1244		Penbutolol	C18H29NO2	37464	Moderate		Inter Info	[53], [54], [55]
D1253		Perampanel	C23H15N3O	9924495	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [258]
D1290		Pimavanserin	C25H34FN3O2	10071196	Moderate		Inter Info	[259]
D1313		Ponatinib	C29H27F3N6O	24826799	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [4], [260]
D1370		Quinestrol	C25H32O2	9046	Moderate		Inter Info	[146], [179], [197]
D1398		Ribociclib	C23H30N8O	44631912	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [4], [261]
D1404		Rilpivirine	C22H18N6	6451164	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [132], [4], [262]
D1408		Riociguat	C20H19FN8O2	11304743	Moderate		Inter Info	[263]
D1409		Ripretinib	C24H21BrFN5O2	71584930	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [264]
D1417		Rivaroxaban	C19H18ClN3O5S	9875401	Moderate		Inter Info	[265]
D1423		Rolapitant	C25H26F6N2O2	10311306	Moderate		Inter Info	[266]
D1434		Ruxolitinib	C17H18N6	25126798	Moderate		Inter Info	[267]
D1449		Saxagliptin	C18H25N3O2	11243969	Moderate		Inter Info	[268]
D1459		Selpercatinib	C29H31N7O3	134436906	Moderate		Inter Info	[214], [269]
D1460		Selumetinib	C17H15BrClFN4O3	10127622	Moderate		Inter Info	[270]
D1491		Solifenacin	C23H26N2O2	154059	Moderate		Inter Info	[271]
D1496		Sonidegib	C26H26F3N3O3	24775005	Moderate		Inter Info	[272]
D1505		Stiripentol	C14H18O3	5311454	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [273], [274]
D1524		Suvorexant	C23H23ClN6O2	24965990	Moderate		Inter Info	[275]
D1536		Tasimelteon	C15H19NO2	10220503	Moderate		Inter Info	[276]
D1538		Tazemetostat	C34H44N4O4	66558664	Moderate		Inter Info	[277]
D1541		Telaprevir	C36H53N7O6	3010818	Moderate		Inter Info	[121], [122]
D1549		Temsirolimus	C56H87NO16	6918289	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [4], [278]
D1577		Thyroid, porcine	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [239], [240]
D1579		Ticagrelor	C23H28F2N6O4S	9871419	Moderate		Inter Info	[279], [4], [280], [281], [282]
D1600		Tofacitinib	C16H20N6O	9926791	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [283]
D1608		Tolvaptan	C26H25ClN2O3	216237	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [284]
D1615		Trabectedin	C39H43N3O11S	108150	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [285], [286]
D1660		Tucatinib	C26H24N8O2	51039094	Moderate		Inter Info	[214], [287], [216]
D1663		Ubrogepant	C29H26F3N5O3	68748835	Moderate		Inter Info	[288]
D1664		Ulipristal	C28H35NO3	13559281	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [289]
D1687		Vemurafenib	C23H18ClF2N3O3S	42611257	Moderate		Inter Info	[290]
D1688		Venetoclax	C45H50ClN7O7S	49846579	Moderate		Inter Info	[291]
D1696		Vilazodone	C26H27N5O2	6918314	Moderate		Inter Info	[292]
D1708		Vortioxetine	C18H22N2S	9966051	Moderate		Inter Info	[293]
D1718		Zanubrutinib	C27H29N5O3	135565884	Moderate		Inter Info	[294]
D0072		Amoxapine	C17H16ClN3O	2170	Moderate		Inter Info	[74], [75], [76]
D0080		Amprenavir	C25H35N3O6S	65016	Moderate		Inter Info	[295], [296], [297]
D0100		Aprepitant	C23H21F7N4O3	135413536	Moderate		Inter Info	[209], [210]
D0105		Aripiprazole	C23H27Cl2N3O2	60795	Moderate		Inter Info	[301]
D0116		Atazanavir	C38H52N6O7	148192	Moderate		Inter Info	[302], [303], [304], [279], [305], [306], [307], [308], [309], [310], [311], [312], [313], [295], [314], [296], [297]
D0120		Atorvastatin	C33H35FN2O5	60823	Moderate		Inter Info	[315], [316], [317], [318], [319]
D0172		Betamethasone	C22H29FO5	9782	Moderate		Inter Info	[321], [322], [323], [4], [324], [325], [326], [327], [328], [329]
D0222		Buspirone	C21H31N5O2	2477	Moderate		Inter Info	[332], [333], [334]
D0233		Calcifediol	C27H44O2	5283731	Moderate		Inter Info	[139], [140], [141], [142]
D0234		Calcitriol	C27H44O3	5280453	Moderate		Inter Info	[139], [140], [141], [142]
D0267		Carvedilol	C24H26N2O4	2585	Moderate		Inter Info	[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]
D0268		Caspofungin	C52H88N10O15	2826718	Moderate		Inter Info	[335]
D0313		Chloramphenicol	C11H12Cl2N2O5	5959	Moderate		Inter Info	[336], [337], [28], [338], [339], [340], [341], [342], [343]
D0328		Cholecalciferol	C27H44O	5280795	Moderate		Inter Info	[139], [140], [141], [142]
D0361		Clomipramine	C19H23ClN2	2801	Moderate		Inter Info	[74], [75], [76]
D0362		Clonazepam	C15H10ClN3O3	2802	Moderate		Inter Info	[344], [345], [346]
D0387		Conjugated estrogens	C18H21NaO5S	45357473	Moderate		Inter Info	[144], [172], [145], [173], [146], [148], [174], [175], [176], [177], [149], [178], [150], [151], [179], [152], [180], [153], [154], [181], [182], [183], [184], [185], [157], [186], [158], [187], [188], [159], [189], [190], [191], [192], [193], [194], [195], [163], [196], [197], [198], [199], [200], [201], [202], [203], [204]
D0392		Corticotropin	C207H308N56O58S	16132265	Moderate		Inter Info	[321], [322], [323], [4], [324], [325], [326], [327], [328], [329]
D0402		Cyclosporine	C62H111N11O12	5284373	Moderate		Inter Info	[347], [348], [28], [4], [349], [350], [351], [352], [353], [354], [355]
D0424		Darifenacin	C28H30N2O2	444031	Moderate		Inter Info	[356]
D0426		Darunavir	C27H37N3O7S	213039	Moderate		Inter Info	[302], [303], [304], [279], [305], [306], [307], [308], [309], [310], [311], [312], [313], [295], [314], [296], [297]
D0428		Dasatinib	C22H26ClN7O2S	3062316	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [4], [357]
D0439		Delavirdine	C22H28N6O3S	5625	Moderate		Inter Info	[358], [359], [216]
D0446		Desipramine	C18H22N2	2995	Moderate		Inter Info	[74], [75], [76]
D0453		Dexamethasone	C22H29FO5	5743	Moderate		Inter Info	[321], [322], [323], [4], [324], [325], [326], [327], [328], [329]
D0494		Dihydroergotamine	C33H37N5O5	10531	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [4], [360]
D0495		Dihydrotachysterol	C28H46O	5311071	Moderate		Inter Info	[139], [141], [142]
D0497		Diltiazem	C22H26N2O4S	39186	Moderate		Inter Info	[176], [361], [362], [363], [195]
D0508		Disopyramide	C21H29N3O	3114	Moderate		Inter Info	[364]
D0511		Docetaxel	C43H53NO14	148124	Moderate		Inter Info	[365], [366], [367], [368], [369]
D0516		Donepezil	C24H29NO3	3152	Moderate		Inter Info	[370]
D0525		Doxepin	C19H21NO	667477	Moderate		Inter Info	[74], [75], [76]
D0526		Doxepin (topical)	C19H21NO	667477	Moderate		Inter Info	[74], [75], [76]
D0528		Doxorubicin	C27H29NO11	31703	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [371], [372], [373]
D0529		Doxorubicin (liposomal)	C27H29NO11	31703	Moderate		Inter Info	[371], [372], [373]
D0530		Doxycycline	C22H24N2O8	54671203	Moderate		Inter Info	[374], [375]
D0554		Efavirenz	C14H9ClF3NO2	64139	Moderate		Inter Info	[376], [363]
D0591		Ergocalciferol	C28H44O	5280793	Moderate		Inter Info	[139], [140], [141], [142]
D0592		Ergometrine	C19H23N3O2	443884	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [4], [360]
D0593		Ergotamine	C33H35N5O5	8223	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [4], [360]
D0595		Erlotinib	C22H23N3O4	176870	Moderate		Inter Info	[377], [378]
D0607		Estradiol (topical)	C18H24O2	5757	Moderate		Inter Info	[146], [179], [197]
D0609		Estrone	C18H22O2	5870	Moderate		Inter Info	[146], [179], [197]
D0612		Eszopiclone	C17H17ClN6O3	969472	Moderate		Inter Info	[379]
D0619		Ethinylestradiol	C20H24O2	5991	Moderate		Inter Info	[146], [160], [161]
D0626		Etonogestrel	C22H28O2	6917715	Moderate		Inter Info	[144], [145], [146], [147], [148], [149], [150], [151], [152], [153], [154], [155], [156], [157], [158], [159], [160], [161], [162], [163]
D0630		Exemestane	C20H24O2	60198	Moderate		Inter Info	[380]
D0640		Felodipine	C18H19Cl2NO4	3333	Moderate		Inter Info	[381], [382], [383], [384], [385], [386]
D0671		Fludrocortisone	C21H29FO5	31378	Moderate		Inter Info	[321], [322], [323], [4], [324], [325], [326], [327], [328], [329]
D0692		Fosamprenavir	C25H36N3O9PS	131536	Moderate		Inter Info	[302], [303], [304], [279], [305], [306], [307], [308], [309], [310], [311], [312], [313], [295], [314], [296], [297]
D0697		Fosphenytoin	C16H15N2O6P	56339	Moderate		Inter Info	[387], [388]
D0713		Gefitinib	C22H24ClFN4O3	123631	Moderate		Inter Info	[377], [389]
D0745		Guanfacine	C9H9Cl2N3O	3519	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [393], [394]
D0750		Haloperidol	C21H23ClFNO2	3559	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [395], [396]
D0773		Hydrocortisone	C21H30O5	5754	Moderate		Inter Info	[321], [322], [323], [4], [324], [325], [326], [327], [328], [329]
D0793		Imatinib	C29H31N7O	5291	Moderate		Inter Info	[400], [279], [28], [4], [273], [401]
D0795		Imipramine	C19H24N2	3696	Moderate		Inter Info	[74], [75], [76]
D0799		Indinavir	C36H47N5O4	5362440	Moderate		Inter Info	[302], [303], [304], [279], [305], [306], [307], [308], [309], [310], [311], [312], [313], [295], [314], [296], [297]
D0845		Irinotecan	C33H38N4O6	60838	Moderate		Inter Info	[402], [403], [404], [405], [406], [407], [408], [409], [410], [411], [412], [413], [414], [415], [416]
D0846		Irinotecan (liposomal)	C33H38N4O6	60838	Moderate		Inter Info	[403], [404], [409]
D0865		Isradipine	C19H21N3O5	3784	Moderate		Inter Info	[77], [78], [79]
D0884		Labetalol	C19H24N2O3	3869	Moderate		Inter Info	[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]
D0894		Lapatinib	C29H26ClFN4O4S	208908	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [4], [417]
D0922		Levonorgestrel	C21H28O2	13109	Moderate		Inter Info	[144], [145], [146], [147], [148], [149], [150], [151], [152], [153], [154], [155], [156], [157], [158], [159], [160], [161], [162], [163]
D0925		Levothyroxine	C15H11I4NO4	5819	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [239]
D0934		Liothyronine	C15H12I3NO4	5920	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [239]
D0990		Medroxyprogesterone acetate	C24H34O4	6279	Moderate		Inter Info	[418], [419], [204]
D0992		Mefloquine	C17H16F6N2O	4046	Moderate		Inter Info	[420]
D0993		Megestrol acetate	C24H32O4	11683	Moderate		Inter Info	[146], [179], [197]
D1030		Methoxyflurane	C3H4Cl2F2O	4116	Moderate		Inter Info	[421], [422], [423]
D1037		Methylergometrine	C20H25N3O2	8226	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [4], [360]
D1041		Methylprednisolone	C22H30O5	6741	Moderate		Inter Info	[321], [322], [323], [4], [324], [325], [326], [327], [328], [329]
D1043		Methysergide	C21H27N3O2	9681	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [4], [360]
D1049		Metoprolol	C15H25NO3	4171	Moderate		Inter Info	[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]
D1051		Metronidazole	C6H9N3O3	4173	Moderate		Inter Info	[424], [425], [426], [427], [428]
D1063		Mifepristone	C29H35NO2	55245	Moderate		Inter Info	[429], [430]
D1081		Modafinil	C15H15NO2S	4236	Moderate		Inter Info	[110], [111]
D1119		Nelfinavir	C32H45N3O4S	64143	Moderate		Inter Info	[302], [303], [304], [279], [305], [306], [307], [308], [309], [310], [311], [312], [313], [295], [314], [296], [297]
D1130		Nicardipine	C26H29N3O6	4474	Moderate		Inter Info	[77], [78], [79]
D1134		Nifedipine	C17H18N2O6	4485	Moderate		Inter Info	[77], [78], [79]
D1138		Nimodipine	C21H26N2O7	4497	Moderate		Inter Info	[77], [78], [79]
D1141		Nisoldipine	C20H24N2O6	4499	Moderate		Inter Info	[77], [78], [79]
D1143		Nitisinone	C14H10F3NO5	115355	Moderate		Inter Info	[279], [28], [4]
D1154		Norethisterone	C20H26O2	6230	Moderate		Inter Info	[146], [160], [161]
D1158		Nortriptyline	C19H21N	4543	Moderate		Inter Info	[74], [75], [76]
D1201		Oxtriphylline	C12H21N5O3	656652	Moderate		Inter Info	[70], [71], [73]
D1212		Paclitaxel	C47H51NO14	36314	Moderate		Inter Info	[432], [433], [434], [435]
D1213		Paclitaxel (protein-bound)	C47H51NO14	36314	Moderate		Inter Info	[432], [433], [434]
D1226		Paricalcitol	C27H44O3	5281104	Moderate		Inter Info	[139], [140], [141], [142]
D1283		Phenytoin	C15H12N2O2	1775	Moderate		Inter Info	[387], [388]
D1330		Praziquantel	C19H24N2O2	4891	Moderate		Inter Info	[436], [28], [437], [438]
D1332		Prednisolone	C21H28O5	5755	Moderate		Inter Info	[321], [322], [323], [4], [324], [325], [326], [327], [328], [329]
D1334		Prednisone	C21H26O5	5865	Moderate		Inter Info	[321], [322], [323], [4], [324], [325], [326], [327], [328], [329]
D1348		Progesterone	C21H30O2	5994	Moderate		Inter Info	[144], [172], [145], [173], [146], [148], [174], [175], [176], [177], [149], [178], [150], [151], [179], [152], [180], [153], [154], [181], [182], [183], [184], [185], [157], [186], [158], [187], [188], [159], [189], [190], [191], [192], [193], [194], [195], [163], [196], [197], [198], [199], [200], [201], [202], [203], [204]
D1349		Progesterone (topical)	C21H30O2	5994	Moderate		Inter Info	[146], [179], [197]
D1357		Propranolol	C16H21NO2	4946	Moderate		Inter Info	[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]
D1361		Protriptyline	C19H21N	4976	Moderate		Inter Info	[74], [75], [76]
D1368		Quetiapine	C21H25N3O2S	5002	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [442], [443], [444], [445]
D1371		Quinidine	C20H24N2O2	441074	Moderate		Inter Info	[446], [447], [448]
D1372		Quinine	C20H24N2O2	3034034	Moderate		Inter Info	[449], [450], [451], [452], [453], [454]
D1392		Repaglinide	C27H36N2O4	65981	Moderate		Inter Info	[455], [456], [457]
D1415		Ritonavir	C37H48N6O5S2	392622	Moderate		Inter Info	[302], [303], [304], [279], [305], [306], [307], [308], [309], [310], [311], [312], [313], [295], [314], [296], [297]
D1444		Saquinavir	C38H50N6O5	441243	Moderate		Inter Info	[302], [303], [304], [279], [305], [306], [307], [308], [309], [310], [311], [312], [313], [295], [314], [296], [297]
D1465		Sildenafil	C22H30N6O4S	135398744	Moderate		Inter Info	[458], [459], [460], [461]
D1476		Sirolimus	C51H79NO13	5284616	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [4], [462], [463]
D1497		Sorafenib	C21H16ClF3N4O3	216239	Moderate		Inter Info	[464]
D1522		Sunitinib	C22H27FN4O2	5329102	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [4], [465]
D1526		Tacrolimus	C44H69NO12	445643	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [4], [462], [463]
D1527		Tadalafil	C22H19N3O4	110635	Moderate		Inter Info	[4], [466], [467]
D1533		Tamoxifen	C26H29NO	2733526	Moderate		Inter Info	[468], [469], [470], [471]
D1544		Telithromycin	C43H65N5O10	3002190	Moderate		Inter Info	[214], [472], [473]
D1563		Tetracosactide	C136H210N40O31S	16133802	Moderate		Inter Info	[323], [327], [328]
D1570		Theophylline	C7H8N4O2	2153	Moderate		Inter Info	[70], [71], [72], [73]
D1585		Timolol	C13H24N4O3S	33624	Moderate		Inter Info	[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]
D1587		Tinidazole	C8H13N3O4S	5479	Moderate		Inter Info	[424], [425], [426], [427], [428]
D1592		Tipranavir	C31H33F3N2O5S	54682461	Moderate		Inter Info	[302], [303], [304], [279], [305], [306], [307], [308], [309], [310], [311], [312], [313], [295], [314], [296], [297]
D1612		Toremifene	C26H28ClNO	3005573	Moderate		Inter Info	[476], [28], [4], [469], [477]
D1628		Triamcinolone	C21H27FO6	31307	Moderate		Inter Info	[321], [322], [323], [4], [324], [325], [326], [327], [328], [329]
D1647		Trimipramine	C20H26N2	5584	Moderate		Inter Info	[74], [75], [76]
D1690		Verapamil	C27H38N2O4	2520	Moderate		Inter Info	[478]
D1697		Vinblastine	C46H58N4O9	13342	Moderate		Inter Info	[479]
D1698		Vincristine	C46H56N4O10	5978	Moderate		Inter Info	[479]
D1700		Vinorelbine	C45H54N4O8	5311497	Moderate		Inter Info	[479]
D1706		Voriconazole	C16H14F3N5O	71616	Moderate		Inter Info	[480]
D1730		Zonisamide	C8H8N2O3S	5734	Moderate		Inter Info	[481], [482]
D0700		Fostemsavir	C25H26N7O8P	11319217	Minor		Inter Info	[214], [483], [216]
D1074		Mirabegron	C21H24N4O2S	9865528	Minor		Inter Info	[484]
D0178		Bexarotene	C24H28O2	82146	Minor		Inter Info	[471]
D0193		Bortezomib	C19H25BN4O4	387447	Minor		Inter Info	[4], [485], [486], [487], [488]
D0255		Carbamazepine	C15H12N2O	2554	Minor		Inter Info	[489], [490], [491], [492], [493], [494], [495], [496], [497]
D0308		Cevimeline	C10H17NOS	83898	Minor		Inter Info	[498]
D0420		Dapsone (topical)	C12H12N2O2S	2955	Minor		Inter Info	[500], [224], [227]
D0645		Fenoprofen	C15H14O3	3342	Minor		Inter Info	[501], [502]
D0916		Levobupivacaine	C18H28N2O	92253	Minor		Inter Info	[234], [505]
D0927		Lidocaine	C14H22N2O	3676	Minor		Inter Info	[506], [507], [508]
D0954		Losartan	C22H23ClN6O	3961	Minor		Inter Info	[509]
D1078		Mitotane	C14H10Cl4	4211	Minor		Inter Info	[510]
D1229		Paroxetine	C19H20FNO3	43815	Minor		Inter Info	[511]
	UGT induction					Drug Num: 1
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0245		Canagliflozin	C24H25FO5S	24812758	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [4], [127]
	Increased metabolism (Unspecific)					Drug Num: 1
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D1353		Propafenone	C21H27NO3	4932	Minor		Inter Info	[512]
Pharmacodynamic additive effects
	Additive cardiorespiratory depression effects					Drug Num: 2
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0698		Fospropofol	C13H21O5P	3038498	Moderate		Inter Info	[211], [212], [213]
D1356		Propofol	C12H18O	4943	Moderate		Inter Info	[439], [440], [211], [441], [212], [213]
	Additive CNS depression effects					Drug Num: 172
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0035		Alfentanil	C21H32N6O3	51263	Major		Inter Info	[1]
D0161		Benzhydrocodone	C25H25NO4	49836084	Major		Inter Info	[2], [3], [4]
D0493		Dihydrocodeine	C18H23NO3	5284543	Major		Inter Info	[5]
D1169		Oliceridine	C22H30N2O2S	66553195	Major		Inter Info	[2], [3], [4]
D1535		Tapentadol	C14H23NO	9838022	Major		Inter Info	[1]
D0219		Buprenorphine	C29H41NO4	644073	Major		Inter Info	[11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [1], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25]
D0226		Butorphanol	C21H29NO2	5361092	Major		Inter Info	[3], [26], [2], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [4], [32]
D0379		Codeine	C18H21NO3	5284371	Major		Inter Info	[1]
D0467		Dextropropoxyphene	C22H29NO2	10100	Major		Inter Info	[33], [34], [35]
D0470		Dezocine	C16H23NO	3033053	Major		Inter Info	[5]
D0617		Ethanol	C2H6O	702	Major		Inter Info	[36], [37], [38], [39], [40]
D0646		Fentanyl	C22H28N2O	3345	Major		Inter Info	[3], [26], [2], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [4], [32]
D0772		Hydrocodone	C18H21NO3	5284569	Major		Inter Info	[26], [3], [4], [32], [31], [27], [28], [29], [2], [30]
D0776		Hydromorphone	C17H19NO3	5284570	Major		Inter Info	[1]
D0909		Levacetylmethadol	C23H31NO2	15130	Major		Inter Info	[5]
D0923		Levorphanol	C17H23NO	5359272	Major		Inter Info	[1]
D1017		Methadone	C21H27NO	4095	Major		Inter Info	[26], [3], [4], [32], [31], [27], [28], [29], [2], [30]
D1089		Morphine	C17H19NO3	5288826	Major		Inter Info	[1]
D1090		Morphine (liposomal)	C17H19NO3	5288826	Major		Inter Info	[5]
D1100		Nalbuphine	C21H27NO4	5311304	Major		Inter Info	[1]
D1203		Oxycodone	C18H21NO4	5284603	Major		Inter Info	[3], [26], [2], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [4], [32]
D1208		Oxymorphone	C17H19NO4	5284604	Major		Inter Info	[1]
D1247		Pentazocine	C19H27NO	441278	Major		Inter Info	[1]
D1390		Remifentanil	C20H28N2O5	60815	Major		Inter Info	[1]
D1512		Sufentanil	C22H30N2O2S	41693	Major		Inter Info	[1]
D1616		Tramadol	C16H25NO2	33741	Major		Inter Info	[1]
D0030		Aldesleukin	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[61], [62], [4]
D0045		Alprazolam	C17H13ClN4	2118	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0112		Asenapine	C17H16ClNO	3036780	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0201		Brexanolone	C21H34O2	92786	Moderate		Inter Info	[124]
D0202		Brexpiprazole	C25H27N3O2S	11978813	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0208		Brivaracetam	C11H20N2O2	9837243	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0248		Cannabidiol	C21H30O2	644019	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0300		Cenobamate	C10H10ClN5O2	11962412	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0311		Chloral hydrate	C2H3Cl3O2	2707	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0359		Clofedanol	C17H20ClNO	2795	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0451		Desvenlafaxine	C16H25NO2	125017	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0452		Deutetrabenazine	C19H27NO3	73437646	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0471		Diamorphine	C21H23NO5	5462328	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0600		Esketamine	C13H16ClNO	182137	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [171]
D0601		Eslicarbazepine	C15H14N2O2	9881504	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0632		Ezogabine	C16H18FN3O2	121892	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0665		Flibanserin	C20H21F3N4O	6918248	Moderate		Inter Info	[208]
D0791		Iloperidone	C24H27FN2O4	71360	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0897		Lasmiditan	C19H18F3N3O2	11610526	Moderate		Inter Info	[231]
D0917		Levocetirizine	C21H25ClN2O3	1549000	Moderate		Inter Info	[236], [237]
D0940		Lithium carbonate	CLi2O3	11125	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0961		Lurasidone	C28H36N4O2S	213046	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1006		Mepyramine	C17H23N3O	4992	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1032		Methsuximide	C12H13NO2	6476	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1084		Molindone	C16H24N2O2	23897	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1182		Opicapone	C15H10Cl2N4O6	135565903	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1183		Opium	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1224		Paraldehyde	C6H12O3	31264	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1252		Pentoxyverine	C20H31NO3	2562	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1264		Phenindamine	C19H19N	11291	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1385		Rasagiline	C12H13N	3052776	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1431		Rotigotine	C19H25NOS	59227	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1433		Rufinamide	C10H8F2N4O	129228	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1560		Tetrabenazine	C19H27NO3	6018	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1576		Thiothixene	C23H29N3O2S2	941651	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1673		Valbenazine	C24H38N2O4	24795069	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1675		Valerian	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1719		Ziconotide	C102H172N36O32S7	16135415	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0097		Apomorphine	C17H17NO2	6005	Moderate		Inter Info	[298], [30]
D0098		Apraclonidine	C9H10Cl2N4	2216	Moderate		Inter Info	[299], [4], [300]
D0135		Azatadine	C20H22N2	19861	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0137		Azelastine (nasal)	C22H24ClN3O	2267	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0143		Baclofen	C10H12ClNO2	2284	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0160		Benzatropine	C21H25NO	1201549	Moderate		Inter Info	[320]
D0183		Biperiden	C21H29NO	2381	Moderate		Inter Info	[320]
D0205		Brimonidine (ophthalmic)	C11H10BrN5	2435	Moderate		Inter Info	[299], [4], [300]
D0206		Brimonidine (topical)	C11H10BrN5	2435	Moderate		Inter Info	[299], [4], [300]
D0212		Bromocriptine	C32H40BrN5O5	31101	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0214		Brompheniramine	C16H19BrN2	6834	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0224		Butabarbital	C10H16N2O3	2479	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0225		Butalbital	C11H16N2O3	2481	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0259		Carbinoxamine	C16H19ClN2O	2564	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0263		Carisoprodol	C12H24N2O4	2576	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0305		Cetirizine	C21H25ClN2O3	2678	Moderate		Inter Info	[236], [237]
D0318		Chlormezanone	C11H12ClNO3S	2717	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0322		Chlorphenesin	C9H11ClO3	7697	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0323		Chlorpheniramine	C16H19ClN2	2725	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0327		Chlorzoxazone	C7H4ClNO2	2733	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0345		Citalopram	C20H21FN2O	2771	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0351		Clemastine	C21H26ClNO	26987	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0356		Clobazam	C16H13ClN2O2	2789	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0365		Clorazepic acid	C16H11ClN2O3	2809	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0370		Clozapine	C18H19ClN4	135398737	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0397		Cyclizine	C18H22N2	6726	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0398		Cyclobenzaprine	C20H21N	2895	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0403		Cyproheptadine	C21H21N	2913	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0417		Dantrolene	C14H10N4O5	6914273	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0456		Dexbrompheniramine	C16H19BrN2	16960	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0459		Dexmedetomidine	C13H16N2	5311068	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0466		Dextromethorphan	C18H25NO	5360696	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0473		Diazepam	C16H13ClN2O	3016	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0502		Diphenhydramine	C17H21NO	3100	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0532		Doxylamine	C17H22N2O	3162	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0533		Dronabinol	C21H30O2	16078	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0535		Droperidol	C22H22FN3O2	3168	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0575		Entacapone	C14H15N3O5	5281081	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0599		Escitalopram	C20H21FN2O	146570	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0618		Ethchlorvynol	C7H9ClO	5281077	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0620		Ethosuximide	C7H11NO2	3291	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0621		Ethotoin	C11H12N2O2	3292	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0639		Felbamate	C11H14N2O4	3331	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0662		Flavoxate	C24H25NO4	3354	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0679		Flurazepam	C21H23ClFN3O	3393	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0687		Fluvoxamine	C15H21F3N2O2	5324346	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0705		Gabapentin	C9H17NO2	3446	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0748		Halazepam	C17H12ClF3N2O	31640	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0781		Hydroxyzine	C21H27ClN2O2	3658	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0790		Ifosfamide	C7H15Cl2N2O2P	3690	Moderate		Inter Info	[397], [398], [399]
D0878		Kava	C14H16O3	5281052	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0879		Ketamine	C13H16ClNO	3821	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0890		Lamotrigine	C9H7Cl2N5	3878	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0912		Levetiracetam	C8H14N2O2	5284583	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0951		Lorazepam	C15H10Cl2N2O2	3958	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0957		Loxapine	C18H18ClN3O	3964	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0979		Maprotiline	C20H23N	4011	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D0987		Meclizine	C25H27ClN2	4034	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1003		Mephenytoin	C12H14N2O2	4060	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1005		Meprobamate	C9H18N2O4	4064	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1014		Metaxalone	C12H15NO3	15459	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1023		Methocarbamol	C11H15NO5	4107	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1040		Methylphenobarbital	C13H14N2O3	8271	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1046		Metoclopramide	C14H22ClN3O2	4168	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1053		Metyrosine	C10H13NO3	441350	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1060		Midazolam	C18H13ClFN3	4192	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1075		Mirtazapine	C17H19N3	4205	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1096		Nabilone	C24H36O3	5284592	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1117		Nefazodone	C25H32ClN5O2	4449	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1166		Olanzapine	C17H20N4S	135398745	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1172		Olopatadine (nasal)	C21H23NO3	5281071	Moderate		Inter Info	[398], [431], [258]
D1188		Orphenadrine	C18H23NO	4601	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1197		Oxazepam	C15H11ClN2O2	4616	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1198		Oxcarbazepine	C15H12N2O2	34312	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1215		Paliperidone	C23H27FN4O3	115237	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1225		Paramethadione	C7H11NO3	8280	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1248		Pentobarbital	C11H18N2O3	4737	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1255		Pergolide	C19H26N2S	47811	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1265		Phenobarbital	C12H12N2O3	4763	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1269		Phensuximide	C11H11NO2	6839	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1292		Pimozide	C28H29F2N3O	16362	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1325		Pramipexole	C10H17N3S	119570	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1335		Pregabalin	C8H17NO2	5486971	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1340		Primidone	C12H14N2O2	4909	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1347		Procyclidine	C19H29NO	4919	Moderate		Inter Info	[320]
D1378		Ramelteon	C16H21NO2	208902	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1413		Risperidone	C23H27FN4O2	5073	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1427		Ropinirole	C16H24N2O	5095	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1453		Secobarbital	C12H18N2O3	5193	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1461		Sertraline	C17H17Cl2N	68617	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1464		Sibutramine	C17H26ClN	5210	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1547		Temazepam	C16H13ClN2O2	5391	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1569		Thalidomide	C13H10N2O4	5426	Moderate		Inter Info	[398], [258], [474]
D1578		Tiagabine	C20H25NO2S2	60648	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1596		Tizanidine	C9H8ClN5S	5487	Moderate		Inter Info	[475]
D1604		Tolcapone	C14H11NO5	4659569	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1609		Topiramate	C12H21NO8S	5284627	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1624		Trazodone	C19H22ClN5O	5533	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1632		Triazolam	C17H12Cl2N4	5556	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1641		Trihexyphenidyl	C20H31NO	5572	Moderate		Inter Info	[320]
D1642		Trimethadione	C6H9NO3	5576	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1644		Trimethobenzamide	C21H28N2O5	5577	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1649		Tripelennamine	C16H21N3	5587	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1650		Triprolidine	C19H22N2	5282443	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1677		Valproic acid	C8H16O2	3121	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1689		Venlafaxine	C17H27NO2	5656	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1726		Ziprasidone	C21H21ClN4OS	60854	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
D1729		Zolpidem	C19H21N3O	5732	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64], [65]
	Additive hypotensive effects					Drug Num: 12
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0058		Amiloride	C6H8ClN7O	16231	Moderate		Inter Info	[67], [68], [69]
D0083		Amyl Nitrite	C5H11NO2	10026	Moderate		Inter Info	[67], [68], [69]
D0138		Azilsartan medoxomil	C30H24N4O8	135409642	Moderate		Inter Info	[67], [68], [69]
D0352		Clevidipine	C21H23Cl2NO6	153994	Moderate		Inter Info	[67], [68], [69]
D1466		Silodosin	C25H32F3N3O4	5312125	Moderate		Inter Info	[67], [68], [69]
D0170		Bepridil	C24H34N2O	2351	Moderate		Inter Info	[67], [68], [69]
D0363		Clonidine	C9H9Cl2N3	2803	Moderate		Inter Info	[67], [68], [69]
D0602		Esmolol	C16H25NO4	59768	Moderate		Inter Info	[67], [68], [69]
D1267		Phenoxybenzamine	C18H22ClNO	4768	Moderate		Inter Info	[67], [68], [69]
D1271		Phentolamine	C17H19N3O	5775	Moderate		Inter Info	[67], [68], [69]
D1534		Tamsulosin	C20H28N2O5S	129211	Moderate		Inter Info	[67], [68], [69]
D1545		Telmisartan	C33H30N4O2	65999	Moderate		Inter Info	[67], [68], [69]
Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
	Antagonize the effect of antiepileptic agents					Drug Num: 1
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0220		Bupropion	C13H18ClNO	444	Moderate		Inter Info	[330], [331]
	Attenuated pharmacological effects (Unspecific)					Drug Num: 1
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0752		Hemin	C34H32FeN4O4	26945	Major		Inter Info	[6]

References
1	US Food and Drug Administration "FDA warns about serious risks and death when combining opioid pain or cough medicines with benzodiazepines requires its strongest warning.".
2	Liu S-J, Wang RI "Case report of barbiturate-induced enhancement of methadone metabolism and withdrawal syndrome." Am J Psychiatry 141 (1984): 1287-8. [PMID: 6486271]
3	Product Information. Apadaz (acetaminophen-benzhydrocodone). KemPharm, Inc, Coralville, IA.
4	Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
5	US Food and Drug Administration "FDA warns about serious risks and death when combining opioid pain or cough medicines with benzodiazepines requires its strongest warning.".
6	Product Information. Panhematin (hemin). Recordati Rare Diseases Inc, Lebanon, NJ.
7	Product Information. Caplyta (lumateperone). Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, NY.
8	Antlitz AM, Tolentino M, Kosai MF "Effect of butabarbital on orally administered anticoagulants." Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 10 (1968): 70-3. [PMID: 4967727]
9	O'Reilly RA, Trager WF, Motley CH, Howald W "Interaction of secobarbital with warfarin pseudoracemates." Clin Pharmacol Ther 28 (1980): 187-95. [PMID: 7398186]
10	Wells PS, Holbrook AM, Crowther NR, Hirsh J "Interactions of warfarin with drugs and food." Ann Intern Med 121 (1994): 676-83. [PMID: 7944078]
11	Sekar M, Mimpriss TJ "Buprenorphine, benzodiazepines and prolonged respiratory depression." Anaesthesia 42 (1987): 567-8. [PMID: 3592200]
12	Pirnay S, Borron SW, Giudicelli CP, Tourneau J, Baud FJ, Ricordel I "A critical review of the causes of death among post-morten toxicological investigations: analysis of 34 buprenorphine-associated and 35 methadone-associated deaths." Addiction 99 (2004): 978-88. [PMID: 15265095]
13	Schuman-Olivier Z, Hoeppner BB, Weiss RD, Borodovsky J, Shaffer HJ, Albanese MJ "Benzodiazepine use during buprenorphine treatment for opioid dependence: clinical and safety outcomes." Drug Alcohol Depend 132 (2013): 580-6. [PMID: 23688843]
14	Reynaud M, Petit G, Potard D, Courty P "Six deaths linked to concomitant use of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines." Addiction 93 (1998): 1385-92. [PMID: 9926544]
15	Kintz P "A new series of 13 buprenorphine-related deaths." Clin Biochem 35 (2002): 513-6. [PMID: 12493578]
16	Kilicarslan T, Sellers EM "Lack of interaction of buprenorphine with flunitrazepam metabolism." Am J Psychiatry 157 (2000): 1164-6. [PMID: 10873929]
17	Product Information. Suboxone (buprenorphine-naloxone). Reckitt and Colman Pharmaceuticals Inc, Richmond, VA.
18	Reynaud M, Tracqui A, Petit G, Potard D, Courty P "Six deaths linked to misuse of buprenorphine-benzodiazepine combinations." Am J Psychiatry 155 (1998): 448-9. [PMID: 9501765]
19	Hakkinen M, Launiainen T, Vuori E, Ojanpera I "Benzodiazepines and alcohol are associated with cases of fatal buprenorphine poisoning." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 68 (2012): 301-9. [PMID: 21927835]
20	Gueye PN, Borron SW, Risede P, et al "Buprenorphine and midazolalm act in combination to depress respiration in rats." Toxicol Sci 65 (2002): 107-14. [PMID: 11752690]
21	Tracqui A, Kintz P, Ludes B "Buprenorphine-related deaths among drug addicts in France: a report on 20 fatalities." J Anal Toxicol 22 (1998): 430-4. [PMID: 9788517]
22	Martin HA "The possible consequences of combining lorazepam and buprenorphine/naloxone: a case review." J Emerg Nurs 37 (2011): 200-2. [PMID: 21397143]
23	Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.?Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Buprenorphine in the Treatment of Opioid Addiction. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 2004. [PMID: 22514846]
24	Ferrant O, Papin F, Clin B, et al "Fatal poisoning due to snorting buprenorphine and alcohol consumption." Forensic Sci Int 204 (2011): e8-11. [PMID: 20554411]
25	Kintz P "Deaths involving buprenorphine: a compendium of French cases." Forensic Sci Int 121 (2001): 65-9. [PMID: 11516889]
26	Bell J, Seres V, Bowron P, Lewis J, Batey R "The use of serum methadone levels in patients receiving methadone maintenance." Clin Pharmacol Ther 43 (1988): 623-9. [PMID: 3378383]
27	Product Information. Duragesic Transdermal System (fentanyl). Janssen Pharmaceutica, Titusville, NJ.
28	Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
29	Product Information. Ionsys (fentanyl). Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical, Raritan, NJ.
30	Product Information. Zohydro ER (HYDROcodone). Zogenix, Inc, San Diego, CA.
31	Product Information. OxyContin (oxycodone). Purdue Frederick Company, Norwalk, CT.
32	Product Information. Butorphanol Tartrate (butorphanol). Apotex Corporation, Weston, FL.
33	Hansen BS, Dam M, Brandt J, et al "Influence of dextropropoxyphene on steady state serum levels and protein binding of three anti-epileptic drugs in man." Acta Neurol Scand 61 (1980): 357-67. [PMID: 6998251]
34	Peterson GR, Covault HP, Hostetler RM "Acute inhibition of microsomal drug metabolism by propoxphene in narcotic tolerant/dependent mice." Life Sci 22 (1978): 2087-96. [PMID: 566834]
35	Abernethy DR, Greenblatt DJ, Morse DS, Shader RI "Interaction of propoxyphene with diazepam, alprazolam and lorazepam." Br J Clin Pharmacol 19 (1985): 51-7. [PMID: 2858217]
36	Gupta RC, Kofoed J "Toxological statistics for barbiturates, other sedatives, and tranquilizers in Ontario: a 10-year survey." Can Med Assoc J 94 (1966): 863-5. [PMID: 5929537]
37	Misra PS, Lefevre A, Ishii H, Rubin E, Lieber CS "Increase of ethanol, meprobamate and pentobarbital metabolism after chronic ethanol administration in man and in rats." Am J Med 51 (1971): 346-51. [PMID: 5115992]
38	Saario I, Linnoila M "Effect of subacute treatment with hypnotics, alone or in combination with alcohol, on psychomotor skills related to driving." Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 38 (1976): 382-92. [PMID: 773108]
39	Seixas FA "Drug/alcohol interactions: avert potential dangers." Geriatrics 34 (1979): 89-102. [PMID: 478317]
40	Stead AH, Moffat AC "Quantification of the interaction between barbiturates and alcohol and interpretation of fatal blood concentrations." Hum Toxicol 2 (1983): 5-14. [PMID: 6840793]
41	Product Information. Ranexa (ranolazine). Calmoseptine Inc, Huntington Beach, CA.
42	Aggeler PM, O'Reilly RA "Effect of heptabarbital on the response to bishydroxycoumarin in man." J Lab Clin Med 74 (1969): 229-38. [PMID: 4184022]
43	Blouin R, Chaudhary I, Nishihara K, Cox S "The effects of liver and renal disease on stereoselective serum binding of flurbiprofen." Br J Clin Pharmacol 35 (1993): 62-4. [PMID: 8448071]
44	Cucinell SA, Conney AH, Sansur M, Burns JJ "Drug interactions in man. I: lowering effect of phenobarbital on plasma levels of bishydroxycoumarin (dicumarol) and diphenylhydantoin (dilantin)." Clin Pharmacol Ther 6 (1965): 420-9. [PMID: 14314964]
45	Elin RJ, Ruddel M, Korn WR, Thompson BC "Discrepant results for determination of theophylline in serum from a patient with renal failure ." Clin Chem 29 (1983): 1870. [PMID: 6616853]
46	Goss JE, Dickhaus DW "Increased bishydroxycoumarin requirements in patients receiving phenobarbital." N Engl J Med 273 (1965): 1094-5. [PMID: 4158082]
47	Ku LL, Ward CO, Durgin SJ "A clinical study of drug interaction and anticoagulant therapy." Drug Intell Clin Pharm 4 (1970): 300-6.
48	MacDonald MG, Robinson DS "Clinical observations of possible barbiturate interference with anticoagulation." JAMA 204 (1968): 97-100. [PMID: 5694725]
49	Clark NP, Hoang K, Delate T, Horn JR, Witt DM. Warfarin Interaction With Hepatic Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme-Inducing Anticonvulsants.?Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2018;24(1):172-178. [PMID: 28118749]
50	Scaroni C, Mazzoni PL, D'Amico E, Benvenuti C, Hind ID "Pharmacokinetics of oral and rectal flurbiprofen in children." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 27 (1984): 367-9. [PMID: 6510467]
51	Branch RA, Herman RJ "Enzyme induction and beta-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs." Br J Clin Pharmacol 17 (1984): s77-84. [PMID: 6146342]
52	Collste P, Seideman P, Borg K, Haglund K, Von Bahr C "Influence of pentobarbital on effect and plasma levels of alprenolol and 4-hydroxy-alprenolol." Clin Pharmacol Ther 25 (1979): 423-7. [PMID: 428186]
53	Haglund K, Seideman P, Colliste P, Borg KO, von Bahr C "Influence of pentobarbital on metoprolol plasma levels." Clin Pharmacol Ther 26 (1979): 326-9. [PMID: 466926]
54	Mantyla R, Mannisto P, Nykanen S, Koponen A, Lamminsivu U "Pharmacokinetic interactions of timolol with vasodilating drugs, food and phenobarbitone in healthy human volunteers." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 24 (1983): 227-30. [PMID: 6840172]
55	Seideman P, Borg K, Haglund K, Von Bahr C, "Decreased plasma concentrations and clinical effects of alprenolol during combined treatment with pentobarbitone in hypertension." Br J Clin Pharmacol 23 (1987): 267-71. [PMID: 3567041]
56	Sotaniemi EA, Anttila M, Pelkonen RO, Jarvensivu P, Sundquist H "Plasma clearance of propranolol and sotalol and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity." Clin Pharmacol Ther 26 (1979): 153-61. [PMID: 455885]
57	Bock KW, Wiltfang J, Blume R, Ullrich D, Bircher J "Paracetamol as a test drug to determine glucuronide formation in man: effects of inducers and of smoking." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 31 (1987): 677-83. [PMID: 3556375]
58	Douidar SM, Ahmed AE "A novel mechanism for the enhancement of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by phenobarbital." J Pharmacol Exp Ther 240 (1987): 578-83. [PMID: 3806412]
59	Pirotte JH "Apparent potentiation by phenobarbital of hepatotoxicity from small doses of acetaminophen." Ann Intern Med 101 (1984): 403. [PMID: 6465717]
60	Wright N, Prescott LF "Potentiation by previous drug therapy of hepatotoxicity following paracetamol overdose." Scott Med J 18 (1973): 56-8. [PMID: 4699828]
61	Agencia Espaola de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios Healthcare "Centro de informacion online de medicamentos de la AEMPS - CIMA.".
62	Product Information. Proleukin (aldesleukin). Chiron Therapeutics, Emeryville, CA.
63	Divoll M, Greenblatt DJ, Lacasse Y, Shader RI "Benzodiazepine overdosage: plasma concentrations and clinical outcome." Psychopharmacology (Berl) 73 (1981): 381-3. [PMID: 6789361]
64	Grabowski BS, Cady WJ, Young WW, Emery JF "Effects of acute alcohol administration on propranolol absorption." Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 18 (1980): 317-9. [PMID: 7429677]
65	Product Information. Belsomra (suvorexant). Merck &amp Company Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ.
66	Paolini A, D'Incalci M "Effect of phenobarbital pretreatment on the metabolism and antitumor activity of hexamethylmelamine." Cancer Treat Rep 70 (1986): 513-6. [PMID: 3084083]
67	Ellison JM, Milofsky JE, Ely E "Fluoxetine-induced bradycardia and syncope in two patients." J Clin Psychiatry 51 (1990): 385-6. [PMID: 2211552]
68	Feder R "Bradycardia and syncope induced by fluoxetine." J Clin Psychiatry 52 (1991): 139. [PMID: 2005082]
69	Sternbach H "Fluoxetine-associated potentiation of calcium-channel blockers." J Clin Psychopharmacol 11 (1991): 390-1. [PMID: 1770159]
70	Bukowskyj M, Nakatsu K, Munt PW "Theophylline reassessed." Ann Intern Med 101 (1984): 63-73. [PMID: 6145380]
71	Dahlqvist R, Steiner E, Koike Y, von Bahr C, Lind M, Billing B "Induction of theophylline metabolism by pentobarbital." Ther Drug Monit 11 (1989): 408-10. [PMID: 2741188]
72	Landay RA, Gonzalez MA, Taylor JC "Effect of phenobarbital on theophylline disposition." J Allergy Clin Immunol 62 (1978): 27-9. [PMID: 659737]
73	Upton RA "Pharmacokinetic interactions between theophylline and other medication (Part I)." Clin Pharmacokinet 20 (1991): 66-80. [PMID: 1674242]
74	Silverman G, Braithwaite R "Interaction of benzodiazepines with tricyclic antidepressants." Br Med J 4 (1972): 111
75	Burrows GD, Davies B "Antidepressants and barbiturates." Br Med J 4 (1971): 113
76	Garey KW, Amsden GW, Johns CA "Possible interaction between imipramine and butalbital." Pharmacotherapy 17 (1997): 1041-2
77	Hamann SR, Blouin RA, Chang SL, et al "Effects of hemodynamic changes on the elimination kinetics of verapamil and nifedipine." J Pharmacol Exp Ther 231 (1984): 301-5. [PMID: 6491984]
78	Koleva MR, Stoychev TS "Effect of nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem on the enzyme-inducing activity of phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone." Gen Pharmacol 26 (1995): 225-8. [PMID: 7713363]
79	Schellens JH, Van Der Wart JH, Brugman M, Breimer D "Influence of enzyme induction and inhibition on the oxidation of nifedipine, sparteine, mephenytoin and antipyrine in humans as assessed by a "cocktail" study design." J Pharmacol Exp Ther 249 (1989): 638-45. [PMID: 2724144]
80	Product Information. Verzenio (abemaciclib). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
81	Product Information. Calquence (acalabrutinib). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
82	Bonuccelli U, Piccini P, Del Dotto P, Pavese N, D'Antonio P, Muratorio A "Apomorphine test in de novo Parkinson's disease." Funct Neurol 7 (1992): 295-8. [PMID: 1427361]
83	Chernish SM, Wolen RL, Rodda BE "Adsorption of propoxyphene hydrochloride by activated charcoal." Clin Toxicol 5 (1972): 317-29. [PMID: 5073815]
84	Decker WJ, Shpall RA, Corby DG "Inhibition of aspirin absorption by activated charcoal and apomorphine." Clin Pharmacol Ther 10 (1969): 710-3. [PMID: 5808464]
85	Dolgin JG, Nix DE, Sanchez J, Watson WA "Pharmacokinetic simulation of the effect of multiple-dose activated charcoal in phenytoin poisoning: report of two pediatric cases." DICP 25 (1991): 646-9. [PMID: 1877275]
86	Farrar HC, Herold DA, Reed MD "Acute valproic acid intoxication: enhanced drug clearance with oral-activated charcoal." Crit Care Med 21 (1993): 299-301. [PMID: 8428486]
87	Gadgil SD, Damle SR, Advani SH, Vaidya AB "Effect of activated charcoal on the pharmacokinetics of high-dose methotrexate." Cancer Treat Rep 66 (1982): 1169-71. [PMID: 7083219]
88	Glab WN, Corby DG, Decker WJ, Coldiron VR "Decreased absorption of propoxyphene by activated charcoal." J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 19 (1982): 129-38. [PMID: 6125599]
89	Herrington AM, Clifton GD "Toxicology and management of acute drug ingestions in adults." Pharmacotherapy 15 (1995): 182-200. [PMID: 7624266]
90	Howard CE, Roberts RS, Ely DS, Moye RA "Use of multiple-dose activated charcoal in phenytoin toxicity." Ann Pharmacother 28 (1994): 201-3. [PMID: 8173135]
91	Ilkhanipour K, Yealy DM, Krenzelok EP "Activated charcoal surface area and its role in multiple-dose charcoal therapy." Am J Emerg Med 11 (1993): 583-5. [PMID: 8240556]
92	Karkkainen S, Neuvonen PJ "Effect of oral charcoal and urine pH on dextropropoxyphene pharmacokinetics." Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 23 (1985): 219-25. [PMID: 2987139]
93	Kivisto KT, Neuvonen PJ "The effect of cholestyramine and activated charcoal on glipizide absorption." Br J Clin Pharmacol 30 (1990): 733-6. [PMID: 2271372]
94	Knadler MP, Bergstrom RF, Callaghan JT, Obermeyer BD, Rubin A "Absorption studies of the H2-blocker nizatidine." Clin Pharmacol Ther 42 (1987): 514-20. [PMID: 2890459]
95	Naveau S, Bonhomme L, Preaux N, Chaput JC "A pure charcoal suspension for colonoscopic tattoo." Gastrointest Endosc 37 (1991): 624-5. [PMID: 1756921]
96	Neuvonen PJ "Clinical pharmacokinetics of oral activated charcoal in acute intoxications." Clin Pharmacokinet 7 (1982): 465-89. [PMID: 6761032]
97	Orisakwe OE "Activated charcoal: is failure to use it negligence or ignorance?" South Med J 87 (1994): 165-8. [PMID: 8115876]
98	Park GD, Spector R, Goldberg MJ, Johnson GF "Expanded role of charcoal therapy in the poisoned and overdosed patient." Arch Intern Med 146 (1986): 969-73. [PMID: 3516107]
99	Product Information. Trileptal (oxcarbazepine) Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
100	Reed MD "Oral activated charcoal therapy." Am J Emerg Med 6 (1988): 318. [PMID: 3370115]
101	Rowden AM, Spoor JE, Bertino JS, Jr "The effect of activated charcoal on phenytoin pharmacokinetics." Ann Emerg Med 19 (1990): 1144-7. [PMID: 2221521]
102	Saetta JP "Gastric decontaminating procedures: is it time to call a stop?" J R Soc Med 86 (1993): 396-9. [PMID: 8371247]
103	Scheufler E, Bos I "Influence of peroral charcoal on pharmacokinetics and intestinal toxicity of intravenously given methotrexate." Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 261 (1983): 180-5. [PMID: 6838279]
104	Wakabayashi Y, Maruyama S, Hachimura K, Ohwada T "Activated charcoal interrupts enteroenteric circulation of phenobarbital." J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 32 (1994): 419-24. [PMID: 8057401]
105	Watson WA "Factors influencing the clinical efficacy of activated charcoal." Drug Intell Clin Pharm 21 (1987): 160-6. [PMID: 3549212]
106	Wing LM, Miners JO, Birkett DJ, et al "Lidocaine disposition: sex differences and effects of cimetidine." Clin Pharmacol Ther 35 (1984): 695-701. [PMID: 6713782]
107	Product Information. Piqray (alpelisib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
108	Product Information. Eliquis (apixaban). Bristol-Myers Squibb Canada Inc, Montreal, IN.
109	Product Information. Otezla (apremilast). Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ.
110	Product Information. Nuvigil (armodafinil). Cephalon Inc, West Chester, PA.
111	Product Information. Provigil (modafinil). Cephalon, Inc, West Chester, PA.
112	Product Information. Coartem (artemether-lumefantrine). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
113	Product Information. Stendra (avanafil). Vivus Inc, Mountain View, CA.
114	Product Information. Ayvakit (avapritinib). Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
115	Pithavala YK, Tortorici M, Toh M, et al "Effect of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of axitinib (AG-013736) in Japanese and Caucasian healthy volunteers." Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 65 (2010): 563-70. [PMID: 19603168]
116	Product Information. Inlyta (axitinib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
117	Product Information. Sirturo (bedaquiline). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
118	Product Information. Treanda (bendamustine). Cephalon Inc, West Chester, PA.
119	Product Information. Biktarvy (bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
120	Product Information. Viread (tenofovir). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
121	Product Information. Incivek (telaprevir). Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
122	Product Information. Victrelis (boceprevir). Schering-Plough Corporation, Kenilworth, NJ.
123	Product Information. Bosulif (bosutinib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
124	Product Information. Zulresso (brexanolone). Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
125	Product Information. Alunbrig (brigatinib). Ariad Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
126	Product Information. Jevtana (cabazitaxel). sanofi-aventis , Bridgewater, NJ.
127	Product Information. Invokana (canagliflozin). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
128	Product Information. Tabrecta (capmatinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
129	Product Information. Zykadia (ceritinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
130	Product Information. Cotellic (cobimetinib). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
131	Product Information. Aliqopa (copanlisib). Bayer Pharmaceutical Inc, West Haven, CT.
132	Cerner Multum, Inc. "Canadian Product Information.".
133	Product Information. Xalkori (crizotinib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
134	Product Information. Nubeqa (darolutamide). Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Whippany, NJ.
135	Cardoso MT, Carvalhas ML. Effects of phenobarbital on digitoxin metabolism in guinea-pig liver slices. Xenobiotica. 1980;10(10):779-784. [PMID: 7456493]
136	Solomon HM, Abrams WB "Interactions between digitoxin and other drugs in man." Am Heart J 83 (1972): 277-80. [PMID: 5058316]
137	Product Information. Pifeltro (doravirine). Merck & Company Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ.
138	EMA. European Medicines Agency. European Union "EMA - List of medicines under additional monitoring.".
139	Product Information. Hectorol (doxercalciferol). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
140	Product Information. One-Alpha (alfacalcidol). Pharmel Inc, Montreal, IN.
141	Product Information. Rocaltrol (calcitriol). Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
142	Product Information. Zemplar (paricalcitol). Abbott Pharmaceutical, Abbott Park, IL.
143	Product Information. Multaq (dronedarone). sanofi-aventis , Bridgewater, NJ.
144	Baciewicz AM "Oral contraceptive drug interactions." Ther Drug Monit 7 (1985): 26-35. [PMID: 2859674]
145	Back DJ, Bates M, Bowden A, et al "The interaction of phenobarbital and other anticonvulsants with oral contraceptive steroid therapy." Contraception 22 (1980): 495-503. [PMID: 7471739]
146	Back DJ, Breckenridge AM, Crawford FE, MacIver M, Orne ML, Rowe PH "Interindividual variation and drug interactions with hormonal steroid contraceptives." Drugs 21 (1981): 46-61. [PMID: 7009137]
147	Back DJ, Grimmer SF, Orme ML, Proudlove D, Mann RD, Breckenridge AM "Evaluation of Committee on Safety of Medicines yellow card reports on oral contraceptive-drug interactions with anticonvulsants and antibiotics." Br J Clin Pharmacol 25 (1988): 527-32. [PMID: 3408633]
148	Back DJ, Orme ML "Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with oral contraceptives." Clin Pharmacokinet 18 (1990): 472-84. [PMID: 2191822]
149	Coulam CB, Annegers JF "Do anticonvulsants reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives?" Epilepsia 20 (1979): 519-26. [PMID: 477641]
150	Curran MA "Drug interactions with the pill." Med J Aust 144 (1986): 670-1. [PMID: 3086681]
151	D'Arcy PF "Drug interactions with oral contraceptives." Drug Intell Clin Pharm 20 (1986): 353-62. [PMID: 3519141]
152	D'Arcy PF. Drug interactions with oral contraceptives. Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1986;20(5):353-362. [PMID: 3519141]
153	Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare "FSRH Clinical Guidance: Drug Interactions with Hormonal Contraception.".
154	Furlan AJ, Rothner AD "Anti-epileptic drugs and failure of oral contraceptives." Lancet 1 (1974): 1113. [PMID: 4135275]
155	Haukkamaa M "Contraception by Norplant subdermal capsules is not reliable in epileptic patients on anticonvulsant treatment." Contraception 33 (1986): 559-65. [PMID: 3095023]
156	Kleier DJ, Tucker JE "Oral contraceptive failure secondary to dentally prescribed drugs: fact or fiction?" J Colo Dent Assoc 66 (1987): 5-6. [PMID: 3478352]
157	Laengner H, Detering K "Letter: Anti-epileptic drugs and failure of oral contraceptives." Lancet 2 (1974): 600. [PMID: 4140317]
158	Mattson RH, Cramer JA, Darney PD, Naftolin F "Use of oral contraceptives by women with epilepsy." JAMA 256 (1986): 238-40. [PMID: 3723710]
159	Mumford JP "Letter: Drugs affecting oral contraceptives." Br Med J 2 (1974): 333-4. [PMID: 4827122]
160	O'Brien MD, Guillebaud J "Contraception for women with epilepsy." Epilepsia 47 (2006): 1419-22. [PMID: 16981856]
161	Product Information. Norplant System (levonorgestrel) Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
162	Shane-McWorter L, Cerveny JD, MacFarlane LL, Osborn C "Enhanced metabolism of levonorgestrel during phenobarbital treatment and resultant pregnancy." Pharmacotherapy 18 (1998): 1360-4. [PMID: 9855340]
163	Szoka PR, Edgren RA "Drug interactions with oral contraceptives: compilation and analysis of an adverse experience report database." Fertil Steril 49 (1988): s31-8. [PMID: 3282933]
164	Product Information. Copiktra (duvelisib). Verastem, Inc., Needham, MA.
165	Product Information. Orilissa (elagolix). AbbVie US LLC, North Chicago, IL.
166	Product Information. Zepatier (elbasvir-grazoprevir). Merck &amp Company Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ.
167	Product Information. Cerdelga (eliglustat). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
168	Product Information. Braftovi (encorafenib). Array BioPharma Inc., Boulder, CO.
169	Product Information. Rozlytrek (entrectinib). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
170	Product Information. Xtandi (enzalutamide). Astellas Pharma US, Inc, Deerfield, IL.
171	Product Information. Spravato (esketamine). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
172	Baciewicz AM, Self TH "Rifampin drug interactions." Arch Intern Med 144 (1984): 1667-71. [PMID: 6380442]
173	Back DJ, Breckenridge AM, Crawford FE, et al. "The effect of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of ethynylestradiol in women." Contraception 21 (1980): 135-43. [PMID: 7189454]
174	Barditch-Crovo P, Trapnell CB, Ette E, et al "The effects of rifampin and rifabutin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a combination oral contraceptive." Clin Pharmacol Ther 65 (1999): 428-38. [PMID: 10223781]
175	Bolt HM, Bolt M, Kappus H "Interaction of rifampicin treatment with pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ethinyloestradiol in man." Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 85 (1977): 189-97. [PMID: 577076]
176	Borcherding SM, Baciewicz AM, Self TH "Update on rifampin drug interactions." Arch Intern Med 152 (1992): 711-6. [PMID: 1558427]
177	Cote J "Interaction of griseofulvin and oral contraceptives." J Am Acad Dermatol 22 (1990): 124-5. [PMID: 2298948]
178	Crawford P, Chadwick DJ, Martin C, et al "The interaction of phenytoin and carbamazepine with combined oral contraceptive steroids." Br J Clin Pharmacol 30 (1990): 892-6. [PMID: 2126946]
179	Dickinson BD, Altman RD, Nielsen NH, Sterling ML "Drug interactions between oral contraceptives and antibiotics." Obstet Gynecol 98(5 Pt 1) (2001): 853-60. [PMID: 11704183]
180	Durr D, Stieger B, KullakUblick GA, Rentsch KM, Steinert HC, Meier PJ, Fattinger K "St John's Wort induces intestinal P-glycoprotein/MDR1 and intestinal and hepatic CYP3A4." Clin Pharmacol Ther 68 (2000): 598-604. [PMID: 11180019]
181	Gorski JC, Hamman MA, Wang Z, Vasvada N, Huang S, Hall SD "The effect of St. John's wort on the efficacy of oral contraception." Clin Pharmacol Ther 71 (2002): P25. [PMID: 14663455]
182	Hall SD, Wang Z, Huang SM, et al. "The interaction between St John's wort and an oral contraceptive." Clin Pharmacol Ther 74 (2003): 525-35. [PMID: 14663455]
183	Halpenny O, Bye A, Cranny A, Feely J, Daly PA "Influence of aminoglutethimide on plasma levels of medroxyprogesterone acetate." Med Oncol Tumor Pharmacother 7 (1990): 241-7. [PMID: 2149401]
184	Janz D, Schmidt D "Letter: Anti-epileptic drugs and failure of oral contraceptives." Lancet 1 (1974): 1113. [PMID: 4135275]
185	Klosterskov Jensen P, Saano V, Haring P, Svenstrup B, Menge GP "Possible interaction between oxcarbazepine and an oral contraceptive." Epilepsia 33 (1992): 1149-52. [PMID: 1464278]
186	LeBel M, Masson E, Guilbert E, Colborn D, Paquet F, Allard S, Vallee F, Narang PK "Effects of rifabutin and rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of ethinylestradiol and norethindrone." J Clin Pharmacol 38 (1998): 1042-50. [PMID: 9824786]
187	McDaniel PA, Caldroney RD "Oral contraceptives and griseofulvin interaction." Drug Intell Clin Pharm 20 (1986): 384. [PMID: 3709350]
188	Michalets EL "Update: clinically significant cytochrome P-450 drug interactions." Pharmacotherapy 18 (1998): 84-112. [PMID: 9469685]
189	Nocke-finck L "Effects of rifampicin on menstral cycle and on estrogen excretion in patients taking oral contraceptives." JAMA 226 (1973): 378. [PMID: 4580141]
190	Notelovitz M, Tjapkes J, Ware M "Interaction between estrogen and dilantin in a menopausal woman." N Engl J Med 304 (1981): 788-9. [PMID: 6258075]
191	Pfrunder A, Schiesser M, Gerber S, Haschke M, Bitzer J, Drewe J "Interaction of St John's wort with low-dose oral contraceptive therapy: a randomized controlled trial." Br J Clin Pharmacol 56 (2003): 683-90. [PMID: 14616430]
192	Product Information. Premarin (conjugated estrogens). Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
193	Murphy PA. St. John's wort and oral contraceptives: reasons for concern?.?J Midwifery Womens Health. 2002;47(6):447-450. doi:10.1016/s1526-9523(02)00321-5. [PMID: 12484666]
194	Skolnick JL, Stoler BS, Katz DB, Anderson WH "Rifampin, oral contraceptives, and pregnancy." JAMA 236 (1976): 1382. [PMID: 989097]
195	Strayhorn VA, Baciewicz AM, Self TH "Update on rifampin drug interactions, III." Arch Intern Med 157 (1997): 2453-8. [PMID: 9385296]
196	Unwanted pregnancy on self-medication with St John's wort despite hormonal contraception. Br J Clin Pharmacol 55 (2003): 112-113. [PMID: 12534648]
197	van Dijke CP, Weber JC "Interaction between oral contraceptives and griseofulvin." Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 288 (1984): 1125-6. [PMID: 2143563]
198	Venkatesan K "Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with rifampicin." Clin Pharmacokinet 22 (1992): 47-65. [PMID: 1559307]
199	Weaver K, Glasier A "Interaction between broad-spectrum antibiotics and the combined oral contraceptive pill: a literature review." Contraception 59 (1999): 71-8. [PMID: 10361620]
200	Weber JC "Interaction between oral contraceptives and griseofulvin." Br Med J 288 (1984): 1125-6. [PMID: 6424759]
201	Weisberg E "Interactions between oral contraceptives and antifungals antibacterials - Is contraceptive failure the result?." Clin Pharmacokinet 36 (1999): 309-13. [PMID: 10384856]
202	Wilbur K, Ensom MHH "Pharmacokinetic drug interactions between oral contraceptives and second-generation anticonvulsants." Clin Pharmacokinet 38 (2000): 355-65. [PMID: 10803456]
203	Zachariassen RD "Loss of oral contraceptive efficacy by concurrent antibiotic administration." Women Health 22 (1994): 17-26. [PMID: 7900401]
204	Lundgren S, Lonning PE, Aakvaag A, Kvinnsland S, Lnning PE "Influence of aminoglutethimide on the metabolism of medroxyprogesterone acetate and megestrol acetate in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer." Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 27 (1990): 101-5. [PMID: 2249324]
205	Product Information. Intelence (etravirine). Ortho Biotech Inc, Bridgewater, NJ.
206	Product Information. Afinitor (everolimus). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
207	Product Information. Toviaz (fesoterodine). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
208	Product Information. Addyi (flibanserin). Sprout Pharmaceuticals, Raleigh, NC.
209	Product Information. Emend (aprepitant). Merck & Company Inc, West Point, PA.
210	Product Information. Emend for Injection (fosaprepitant). Merck & Company Inc, West Point, PA.
211	McClune S, McKay AC, Wright PM, et al "Synergistic interaction between midazolam and propofol." Br J Anaesth 69 (1992): 240-5. [PMID: 1389840]
212	Product Information. Diprivan (propofol). Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
213	Product Information. Lusedra (fospropofol). Eisai Inc, Teaneck, NJ.
214	Product Information. Diabinese (chlorpropamide). Pfizer US Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
215	Product Information. Tavalisse (fostamatinib). Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA.
216	Skillman TG, Feldman JM "The pharmacology of sulfonylureas." Am J Med 70 (1981): 361-72. [PMID: 6781341]
217	Product Information. Xospata (gilteritinib). Astellas Pharma US, Inc, Deerfield, IL.
218	Product Information. Daurismo (glasdegib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
219	Product Information. Mavyret (glecaprevir-pibrentasvir). Abbott Pharmaceutical, Abbott Park, IL.
220	Product Information. Imbruvica (ibrutinib). Pharmacyclics Inc, Sunnyvale, CA.
221	Product Information. Zydelig (idelalisib). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
222	Product Information. Cresemba (isavuconazonium). Astellas Pharma US, Inc, Deerfield, IL.
223	Product Information. Corlanor (ivabradine). Amgen USA, Thousand Oaks, CA.
224	Product Information. Kalydeco (ivacaftor). Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
225	Product Information. Orkambi (ivacaftor-lumacaftor). Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
226	Product Information. Symdeko 4-Week (ivacaftor-tezacaftor). Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
227	Product Information. Trikafta (elexacaftor/ivacaftor/tezacaftor). Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
228	Product Information. Ixempra (ixabepilone). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
229	Product Information. Ninlaro (ixazomib). Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Lincolnshire, IL.
230	Product Information. Vitrakvi (larotrectinib). Bayer Pharmaceutical Inc, West Haven, CT.
231	Product Information. Reyvow (lasmiditan). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
232	Product Information. Xenleta (lefamulin). Nabriva Therapeutics US, Inc., King of Prussia, PA.
233	Product Information. Dayvigo (lemborexant). Eisai Inc, Woodcliff Lake, NJ.
234	Patel S, Robinson R, Burk M "Hypertensive crisis associated with St. John's Wort." Am J Med 112 (2002): 507-8. [PMID: 11959071]
235	Product Information. Zurampic (lesinurad). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
236	Product Information. Zyrtec (cetirizine). Pfizer US Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
237	Product Information. Xyzal (levocetirizine). UCB Pharma Inc, Smyrna, GA.
238	Product Information. Tradjenta (linagliptin). Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT.
239	Multum Information Services, Inc. Expert Review Panel.
240	Wohlt PD, Zheng L, Gunderson S, Balzar SA, Johnson BD, Fish JT "Recommendations for the use of medications with continuous enteral nutrition." Am J Health Syst Pharm 66 (2009): 1438-67. [PMID: 19667002]
241	Product Information. Zokinvy (lonafarnib). Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA.
242	Product Information. Zepzelca (lurbinectedin). Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA.
243	Product Information. Macrilen (macimorelin). Aeterna Zentaris, Charleston, SC.
244	Bruderer S, Aanismaa P, Homery MC, et al. "Effect of cyclosporine and rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of macitentan, a tissue-targeting dual endothelin receptor antagonist." AAPS J 14 (2012): 68-78. [PMID: 22189899]
245	Product Information. Opsumit (macitentan). Actelion Pharmaceuticals US Inc, South San Francisco, CA.
246	Product Information. Selzentry (maraviroc). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
247	Dutreix C, Munarini F, Lorenzo S, Roesel J, Wang Y "Investigation into CYP3A4-mediated drug-drug interactions on midostaurin in healthy volunteers." Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 72 (2013): 1223-34. [PMID: 24085261]
248	Product Information. Rydapt (midostaurin). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
249	Product Information. Movantik (naloxegol). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
250	Product Information. Tasigna (nilotinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
251	Product Information. Lynparza (olaparib). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
252	Product Information. Isturisa (osilodrostat). Recordati Rare Diseases Inc, Lebanon, NJ.
253	Product Information. Tagrisso (osimertinib). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
254	Product Information. Ibrance (palbociclib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
255	Product Information. Farydak (panobinostat). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
256	Product Information. Votrient (pazopanib). GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
257	Product Information. Pemazyre (pemigatinib). Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE.
258	Product Information. Fycompa (perampanel). Eisai Inc, Teaneck, NJ.
259	Product Information. Nuplazid (pimavanserin). Accelis Pharma, East Windsor, NJ.
260	Product Information. Iclusig (ponatinib). Ariad Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
261	Product Information. Kisqali (ribociclib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
262	Product Information. Edurant (rilpivirine). Tibotec Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
263	Product Information. Adempas (riociguat). Bayer Pharmaceutical Inc, West Haven, CT.
264	Product Information. Qinlock (ripretinib). Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA.
265	Product Information. Xarelto (rivaroxaban). Bayer Inc, Toronto, IA.
266	Product Information. Varubi (rolapitant). Tesaro Inc., Waltham, MA.
267	Product Information. Jakafi (ruxolitinib). Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE.
268	Product Information. Onglyza (saxagliptin). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
269	Product Information. Retevmo (selpercatinib). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
270	Product Information. Koselugo (selumetinib). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
271	Product Information. VESIcare (solifenacin). GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
272	Product Information. Odomzo (sonidegib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
273	EMEA. European Medicines Agency "EPARs. European Union Public Assessment Reports.".
274	Product Information. Diacomit (stiripentol). Biocodex Inc, Creswell, OR.
275	Product Information. Belsomra (suvorexant). Merck & Company Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ.
276	Product Information. Hetlioz (tasimelteon). Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc, Rockville, MD.
277	Product Information. Tazverik (tazemetostat). Epizyme, Inc, Cambridge, MA.
278	Product Information. Torisel (temsirolimus). Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
279	Canadian Pharmacists Association.
280	Product Information. Brilinta (ticagrelor). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
281	Teng R, Mitchell P, Butler K "Effect of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ticagrelor in healthy subjects." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 69 (2013): 877-83. [PMID: 23093043]
282	Weeks P, Sieg A, Vahdat K, Raissi F, Nathan S "Improved ticagrelor antiplatelet effect on discontinuation of phenytoin." Ann Pharmacother 48 (2014): 644-7. [PMID: 24477376]
283	Product Information. Xeljanz (tofacitinib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
284	Product Information. Samsca (tolvaptan). Otsuka American Pharmaceuticals Inc, Rockville, MD.
285	Machiels JP, Staddon A, Herremans C, et al. "Impact of cytochrome P450 3A4 inducer and inhibitor on the pharmacokinetics of trabectedin in patients with advanced malignancies: open-label, multicenter studies." Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 74 (2014): 729-37. [PMID: 25100135]
286	Product Information. Yondelis (trabectedin). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
287	Product Information. Tukysa (tucatinib). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
288	Product Information. Ubrelvy (ubrogepant). Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA.
289	Product Information. ella (ulipristal). Afaxys Inc., Charleston, SC.
290	Product Information. Zelboraf (vemurafenib). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
291	Product Information. Venclexta (venetoclax). AbbVie US LLC, North Chicago, IL.
292	Product Information. Viibryd (vilazodone). Trovis Pharmaceuticals LLC, New Haven, CT.
293	Product Information. Brintellix (vortioxetine). Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Lincolnshire, IL.
294	Product Information. Brukinsa (zanubrutinib). BeiGene USA, Inc, San Mateo, CA.
295	Product Information. Reyataz (atazanavir). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
296	Sommadossi JP "HIV protease inhibitors: pharmacologic and metabolic distinctions." AIDS 13 (1999): s29-40. [PMID: 10546783]
297	Durant J, Clevenbergh P, Garraffo R, Halfon P, Icard S, DelGiudice P, Montagne N, Schapiro JM, Dellamonica P "Importance of protease inhibitor plasma levels in HIV-infected patients treated with genotypic-guided therapy: pharmacological data from the Viradapt Study." Aids 14 (2000): 1333-9. [PMID: 10930147]
298	Product Information. Apokyn (apomorphine). Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc, Morgantown, WV.
299	Product Information. Alphagan (brimonidine ophthalmic). Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA.
300	Product Information. Mirvaso (brimonidine topical). Galderma Laboratories Inc, Cranbury, NJ.
301	Product Information. Abilify (aripiprazole). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
302	Acosta EP, Henry K, Baken L, Page LM, Fletcher CV "Indinavir concentrations and antiviral effect." Pharmacotherapy 19 (1999): 708-12. [PMID: 10391416]
303	Barry M, Gibbons S, Back D, Mulcahy F "Protease inhibitors in patients with HIV disease. Clinically important pharmacokinetic considerations." Clin Pharmacokinet 32 (1997): 194-209. [PMID: 9084959]
304	Brooks J, Daily J, Schwamm L "Protease inhibitors and anticonvulsants." AIDS Clin Care 9 (1997): 87,90. [PMID: 11364776]
305	Hugen PWH, Burger DM, Brinkman K, terHofstede HJM, Schuurman R, Koopmans PP, Hekster YA "Carbamazepine-indinavir interaction causes antiretroviral therapy failure." Ann Pharmacother 34 (2000): 465-70. [PMID: 10772431]
306	Liedtke MD, Lockhart SM, Rathbun RC "Anticonvulsant and antiretroviral interactions." Ann Pharmacother 38 (2004): 482-9. [PMID: 14970370]
307	Product Information. Agenerase (amprenavir). Glaxo Wellcome, Research Triangle Pk, NC.
308	Product Information. Aptivus (tipranavir). Boehringer-Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT.
309	Product Information. Crixivan (indinavir). Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
310	Product Information. Fortovase (saquinavir) Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
311	Product Information. Invirase (saquinavir). Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
312	Product Information. Lexiva (fosamprenavir). GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
313	Product Information. Prezista (darunavir). Ortho Biotech Inc, Bridgewater, NJ.
314	Product Information. Viracept (nelfinavir). Agouron Pharma Inc, La Jolla, CA.
315	Bullman J, Nicholls A, Van Landingham K, et al. "Effects of lamotrigine and phenytoin on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin in healthy volunteers." Epilepsia 52 (2011): 1351-8. [PMID: 21635243]
316	Gerber JG, Rosenkranz SL, Fichtenbaum CJ, et al. "Effect of efavirenz on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin, atorvastatin, and pravastatin: results of AIDS Clinical Trials Group 5108 Study." J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 39 (2005): 307-12. [PMID: 15980690]
317	Khandwala HM "Lipid lowering inefficacy of high-dose statin therapy due to concurrent use of phenytoin." South Med J 99 (2006): 1385-7. [PMID: 17233196]
318	Murphy MJ, Dominiczak MH "Efficacy of statin therapy: possible effect of phenytoin." Postgrad Med J 75 (1999): 359-60. [PMID: 10435174]
319	Product Information. Lipitor (atorvastatin). Parke-Davis, Morris Plains, NJ.
320	Product Information. Artane (trihexyphenidyl). Lederle Laboratories, Wayne, NJ.
321	Bartoszek M, Brenner AM, Szefler SJ "Prednisolone and methylprednisolone kinetics in children receiving anticonvulsant therapy." Clin Pharmacol Ther 42 (1987): 424-32. [PMID: 3665340]
322	Brooks PM, Buchanan WW, Grove M, Downie WW "Effects of enzyme induction on metabolism of prednisolone." Ann Rheum Dis 35 (1976): 339-43. [PMID: 970991]
323	Brooks SM, Werk EE, Ackerman SJ, Sullivan I, Thrasher K "Adverse effects of phenobarbital on corticosteroid metabolism in patients with bronchial asthma." N Engl J Med 286 (1972): 1125-8. [PMID: 4553339]
324	Gambertoglio JG, Holford NH, Kapusnik JE, et al "Disposition of total and unbound prednisolone in renal transplant patients receiving anticonvulsants." Kidney Int 25 (1984): 119-23. [PMID: 6374250]
325	Hancock KW, Levell MJ "Primidone/dexamethasone interaction." Lancet 2 (1978): 97-8. [PMID: 78317]
326	Product Information. Phenobarbital (phenobarbital). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
327	Sehgal VN, Srivastava G "Corticosteroid-unresponsive pemphigus vulgaris following antiepileptic therapy." Int J Dermatol 27 (1988): 258. [PMID: 3391717]
328	Stjernholm MR, Katz FH "Effects of diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbital, and diazepam on the metabolism of methylprednisolone and its sodium succinate." J Clin Endocrinol Metab 41 (1975): 887-93. [PMID: 1184723]
329	Young MC, Hughes IA "Loss of therapeutic control in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to interaction between dexamethasone and primidone." Acta Paediatr Scand 80 (1991): 120-4. [PMID: 2028784]
330	James WA, Lippmann S "Bupropion: overview and prescribing guidelines in depression." South Med J 84 (1991): 222-4. [PMID: 1899294]
331	Product Information. Wellbutrin (bupropion). Glaxo Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC.
332	Kivisto KT, Lamberg TS, Neuvonen PJ "Interactions of buspirone with itraconazole and rifampicin: Effects on the pharmacokinetics of the active 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)-piperazine metabolite of buspirone." Pharmacol Toxicol 84 (1999): 94-7. [PMID: 10068153]
333	Lamberg TS, Kivisto KT, Neuvonen PJ "Concentrations and effects of buspirone are considerably reduced by rifampicin." Br J Clin Pharmacol 45 (1998): 381-5. [PMID: 9578186]
334	Product Information. Buspar (buspirone). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
335	Product Information. Cancidas (caspofungin) Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
336	Ambrose PJ "Clinical pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol succinate." Clin Pharmacokinet 9 (1984): 222-38. [PMID: 6375931]
337	Bloxham RA, Durbin GM, Johnson T, Winterborn MH "Chloramphenicol and phenobarbitone--a drug interaction." Arch Dis Child 54 (1979): 76-7. [PMID: 311186]
338	Kearns GL, Bocchini JA, Brown RD, et al "Absence of a pharmacokinetic interaction between chloramphenicol and acetaminophen in children." J Pediatr 107 (1985): 134-9. [PMID: 4009329]
339	Koup JR, Gibaldi M, McNamara P, et al "Interaction of chloramphenicol with phenytoin and phenobarbital." Clin Pharmacol Ther 24 (1978): 571-5. [PMID: 699481]
340	Krasinski K, Kusmiesz H, Nelson JD "Pharmacologic interactions among chloramphenicol, phenytoin and phenobarbital." Pediatr Infect Dis 1 (1982): 232-5. [PMID: 7177912]
341	Mulhall A, de Louvois J, Hurley R "The pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol in the neonate and young infant." J Antimicrob Chemother 12 (1983): 629-39. [PMID: 6662841]
342	Palmer DL, Despopoulos A, Rael ED "Induction of chloramphenicol metabolism by phenobarbital." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1 (1972): 112-5. [PMID: 4680801]
343	Smith AL, Weber A "Pharmacology of chloramphenicol." Pediatr Clin North Am 30 (1983): 209-36. [PMID: 6338466]
344	Nanda RN, Johnson RH, Keogh HJ, Lambie DG, Melville ID "Treatment of epilepsy with clonazepam and its effect on other anticonvulsants." J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 40 (1977): 538-43
345	Honer WG, Rosenberg RG, Turey M, Fisher WA "Respiratory failure after clonazepam and amobarbital ." Am J Psychiatry 143 (1986): 1495
346	Khoo KC, Mendels J, Rothbart M, et al. "Influence of phenytoin and phenobarbital on the disposition of a single oral dose of clonazepam." Clin Pharmacol Ther 28 (1980): 368-75
347	Burckart GJ, Venkataramanan R, Ptachcinski RJ "Usefulness of cyclosporin monitoring questioned." Clin Pharm 3 (1984): 243. [PMID: 6734089]
348	Carstensen H, Jacobsen N, Dieperink H "Interaction between cyclosporin A and phenobarbitone." Br J Clin Pharmacol 21 (1986): 550-1. [PMID: 3521692]
349	Cockburn IT, Krupp P "An appraisal of drug interactions with sandimmun." Transplant Proc 21 (1989): 3845-50. [PMID: 2683269]
350	Kerr LE "Drug interactions with cyclosporine." Clin Pharm 3 (1984): 346,348. [PMID: 6467874]
351	Noguchi M, Kiuchi C, Akiyama H, et al "Interaction between cyclosporin A and anticonvulsants." Bone Marrow Transplant 9 (1992): 391. [PMID: 1617324]
352	Product Information. Neoral Soft Gelatin Capsules (cyclosporine). Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ.
353	Product Information. Sandimmune (cyclosporine). Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ.
354	Wideman CA "Pharmacokinetic monitoring of cyclosporine." Transplant Proc 15(1/2) (1983): 3168-75. [PMID: 1458762]
355	Yee GC, McGuire TR "Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with cyclosporin (Part I)." Clin Pharmacokinet 19 (1990): 319-32. [PMID: 2208899]
356	Product Information. Enablex (darifenacin). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
357	Product Information. Sprycel (dasatinib). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
358	Borin MT, Chambers JH, Carel BJ, Gagnon S, Freimuth WW "Pharmacokinetic study of the interaction between rifampin and delavirdine mesylate." Clin Pharmacol Ther 61 (1997): 544-53. [PMID: 9164416]
359	Product Information. Rescriptor (delavirdine). Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
360	Product Information. Methergine (methylergonovine). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
361	Lledo P, Abrams SM, Johnston A, Patel M, Pearson RM, Turner P. Influence of debrisoquine hydroxylation phenotype on the pharmacokinetics of mexiletine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1993;44(1):63-67. [PMID: 8436157]
362	Product Information. Cardizem (diltiazem). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
363	Product Information. Sustiva (efavirenz). DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
364	Kapil RP, Axelson JE, Mansfield IL, et al. "Disopyramide pharmacokinetics and metabolism: effect of inducers." Br J Clin Pharmacol 24 (1987): 781-91. [PMID: 3440098]
365	Aronson JK, Grahame-Smith DG "Clinical pharmacology: adverse drug interactions." Br Med J 282 (1981): 288-91. [PMID: 6779990]
366	Baker SD "Drug interactions with the taxanes." Pharmacotherapy 17(5 Pt 2) (1997): s126-32. [PMID: 9322879]
367	Komoroski BJ, Parise RA, Egorin MJ, Strom SC, Venkataramanan R "Effect of the St. John's wort constituent hyperforin on docetaxel metabolism by human hepatocyte cultures." Clin Cancer Res 11(19 Pt 1) (2005): 6972-9. [PMID: 16203790]
368	McInnes GT, Brodie MJ "Drug interactions that matter: a critical reappraisal." Drugs 36 (1988): 83-110. [PMID: 3063497]
369	Product Information. Taxotere (docetaxel). Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA.
370	Product Information. Aricept (donepezil). Pfizer US Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
371	Product Information. Adriamycin PFS (doxorubicin). Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
372	Product Information. Doxil (doxorubicin liposomal). Sequis Pharmaceuticals Inc, Menlo Park, CA.
373	Kaytser V, Zhang P. Non-interacting, Non-opioid, and Non-barbiturate Containing Acute Medication Combinations in Headache: A Pilot Combinatorics Approach Based on DrugBank Database.?Front Neurol. 2021;12:632830. [PMID: 33679591]
374	Neuvonen PJ, Penttila O "Interaction between doxycycline and barbiturates." Br Med J 1 (1974): 535-6. [PMID: 4817187]
375	Neuvonen PJ, Penttila O, Lehtovaara R, Aho K "Effect of antiepileptic drugs on the elimination of various tetracycline derivatives." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 9 (1975): 147-54. [PMID: 1233262]
376	Marzolini C, Telenti A, Decosterd LA, Greub G, Biollaz J, Buclin T "Efavirenz plasma levels can predict treatment failure and central nervous system side effects in HIV-1-infected patients." Aids 15 (2001): 71-5. [PMID: 11192870]
377	Li J, Zhao M, He P, Hidalgo M, Baker SD "Differential metabolism of gefitinib and erlotinib by human cytochrome p450 enzymes." Clin Cancer Res 13 (2007): 3731-7. [PMID: 17575239]
378	Product Information. Tarceva (erlotinib). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
379	Product Information. Lunesta (eszopiclone). Sepracor Inc, Marlborough, MA.
380	Product Information. Aromasin (exemestane) Pharmacia & Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
381	Bahls FH, Ozuna J, Ritchie DE "Interactions between calcium channel blockers and the anticonvulsants carbamazepine and phenytoin." Neurology 41 (1991): 740-2. [PMID: 2027492]
382	Beattie B, Biller J, Mehlhaus B, Murray M "Verapamil-induced carbamazepine neurotoxicity." Eur Neurol 28 (1988): 104-5. [PMID: 3371379]
383	Capewell S, Critchley JA, Freestone S, et al "Reduced felodipine bioavailability in patients taking anticonvulsants." Lancet Aug (1988): 480-2. [PMID: 2900404]
384	Capewell S, Critchley JA, Freestone S, Pottage A, Prescott LF "Reduced felodipine bioavailability in patients taking anticonvulsants." Lancet 2 (1988): 480. [PMID: 2900404]
385	Eimer M, Carter BL "Elevated serum carbamazepine concentrations following diltiazem initiation." Drug Intell Clin Pharm 21 (1987): 340-2. [PMID: 3569036]
386	Price WA, DiMarzio LR "Verapamil-carbamazepine neurotoxicity." J Clin Psychiatry 49 (1988): 80. [PMID: 3338983]
387	Kuranari M, Tatsukawa H, Seike M, et al. "Effect of phenytoin on phenobarbital pharmacokinetics in a patient with epilepsy." Ann Pharmacother 29 (1995): 83-4. [PMID: 7711354]
388	Yoshida N, Oda Y, Nishi S, Abe J, Kaji A, Asada A, Fujimori M "Effect of barbiturate therapy on phenytoin pharmacokinetics." Crit Care Med 21 (1993): 1514-22. [PMID: 8403961]
389	Product Information. Iressa (gefitinib). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
390	Busfield D, Child KJ, Atkinson RM, Tomich EG "An effect of phenobarbitone on blood-levels of griseofulvin in man." Lancet 2 (1963): 1042-3. [PMID: 14062729]
391	Kraml M, Marton AV, Dvornik D, Chappel C, Garbaczewska L "Effect of primidone (Mysoline) on tissular levels of griseofulvin in the rat." Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 120 (1965): 678-9. [PMID: 5858690]
392	Riegelman S, Rowland M, Epstein WL "Griseofulvin-phenobarbital interaction in man." JAMA 213 (1970): 426-31. [PMID: 5468016]
393	Kiechel JR, Lavene D, Guerret M, Comoy E, Godin M, Fillastre JP "Pharmacokinetic aspects of guanfacine withdrawal syndrome in a hypertensive patient with chronic renal failure." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 25 (1983): 463-6. [PMID: 6360692]
394	Product Information. Intuniv (guanfacine). Shire US Inc, Florence, KY.
395	Linnoila M, Viukari M, Vaisanen K, Auvinen J "Effect of anticonvulsants on plasma haloperidol and thioridazine levels." Am J Psychiatry 137 (1980): 819-21. [PMID: 6770696]
396	Prakash R, Reed RM, Bass AD "Combination of phenobarbital and haloperidol in resistant schizophrenia." J Clin Psychopharmacol 4 (1984): 362-3
397	Product Information. Ifex (ifosfamide). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
398	Warrington SJ, Ankier SI, Turner P "Evaluation of possible interactions between ethanol and trazodone or amitriptyline." Neuropsychobiology 15 (1986): 31-7. [PMID: 3725002]
399	Simonian NA, Gilliam FG, Chiappa KH "Ifosfamide causes a diazepam-sensitive encephalopathy." Neurology 43 (1993): 2700-2
400	Bolton AE, Peng B, Hubert M, et al. "Effect of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec, STI571) in healthy subjects." Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 53 (2004): 102-6. [PMID: 14605865]
401	Product Information. Gleevec (imatinib mesylate). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
402	Crews KR, Stewart CF, Jones-Wallace D, et al "Altered irinotecan pharmacokinetics in pediatric high-grade glioma patients receiving enzyme-inducing anticonvulsant therapy." Clin Cancer Res 8 (2002): 2202-9. [PMID: 12114421]
403	Di YM, Li CG, Xue CC, Zhou SF "Clinical drugs that interact with St. John's wort and implication in drug development." Curr Pharm Des 14 (2008): 1723-42. [PMID: 18673195]
404	Friedman HS, Petros WP, Friedman AH, et al "Irinotecan therapy in adults with recurrent or progressive malignant glioma." J Clin Oncol 17 (1999): 1516-25. [PMID: 10334539]
405	Innocenti F, Undevia SD, Ramirez J, et al. "A phase I trial of pharmacologic modulation of irinotecan with cyclosporine and phenobarbital." Clin Pharmacol Ther 76 (2004): 490-502. [PMID: 15536463]
406	Kuhn JG "Influence of anticonvulsants on the metabolism and elimination of irinotecan. A North American Brain Tumor Consortium preliminary report." Oncology (Williston Park 16(8 Suppl 7) (2002): 33-40. [PMID: 12199631]
407	Hu ZP, Yang XX, Chen X, et al. A mechanistic study on altered pharmacokinetics of irinotecan by St. John's wort.?Curr Drug Metab. 2007;8(2):157-171. [PMID: 17305494]
408	Mathijssen RH, Verweij J, De Bruijn P, Loos WJ, Sparreboom A "Effects of St. John's Wort on Irinotecan Metabolism." J Natl Cancer Inst 94 (2002): 1247-9. [PMID: 12189228]
409	Minami H, Lad TE, Nicholas MK, Vokes EE, Ratain MJ "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 9-aminocamptothecin infused over 72 hours in phase II studies." Clin Cancer Res 5 (1999): 1325-30. [PMID: 10389915]
410	Murry DJ, Cherrick I, Salama V, et al. "Influence of phenytoin on the disposition of irinotecan: a case report." J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 24 (2002): 130-3. [PMID: 11990699]
411	Product Information. Camptosar (irinotecan). Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
412	Product Information. Onivyde (irinotecan liposomal). Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
413	Hofland KF, Hansen S, Sorensen M, et al. Neoadjuvant bevacizumab and irinotecan versus bevacizumab and temozolomide followed by concomitant chemoradiotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme: A randomized phase II study.?Acta Oncol. 2014;53(7):939-944. [PMID: 24456504]
414	Santos A, Zanetta S, Cresteil T, et al "Metabolism of irinotecan (CPT-11) by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in humans." Clin Cancer Res 6 (2000): 2012-20. [PMID: 10815927]
415	Yonemori K, Takeda Y, Toyota E, Kobayashi N, Kudo K "Potential interactions between irinotecan and rifampin in a patient with small-cell lung cancer." Int J Clin Oncol 9 (2004): 206-9. [PMID: 15221608]
416	Zamboni WC, Gajjar AJ, Heideman RL, et al "Phenytoin alters the disposition of topotecan and N-desmethyl topotecan in a patient with medulloblastoma." Clin Cancer Res 4 (1998): 783-9. [PMID: 9533548]
417	Product Information. Tykerb (lapatinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
418	Kobayashi K, Mimura N, Fujii H, et al "Role of human cytochrome P450 3A4 in metabolism of medroxyprogesterone acetate." Clin Cancer Res 6 (2000): 3297-303. [PMID: 10955816]
419	Product Information. Provera (medroxyprogesterone). Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
420	Product Information. Lariam (mefloquine). Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
421	Brodeur J, Paquin P, Authier L, Geadah D, Yamauchi M, Cote MG "Influence of phenobarbital pretreatment on methoxyflurane and sodium fluoride nephropathy in Fischer 344 Rats." Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 37 (1976): 349-61. [PMID: 982456]
422	Churchill D, Yacoub JM, Siu KP, Symes A, Gault MH "Toxic nephropathy after low-dose methoxyflurane anesthesia: drug interaction with secobarbital?" Can Med Assoc J 114 (1976): 326-329, 333. [PMID: 1253070]
423	Cousins MJ, Mazze RI "Methoxyfluranne nephrotoxicity. A study of dose response in man." JAMA 225 (1973): 1611-6. [PMID: 4740737]
424	Gupte S "Phenobarbital and metabolism of metronidazole." N Engl J Med 308 (1983): 529. [PMID: 6823276]
425	Loft S, Sonne J, Poulsen HE, Peterson KT, Jorgensen BG, Dossing M "Inhibition and induction of metronidazole and antipyrine metabolism." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 32 (1987): 35-41. [PMID: 3582467]
426	Mead PB, Gibson M, Schentag JJ, Ziemniak JA "Possible alteration of metronidazole metabolism by phenobarbital." N Engl J Med 306 (1982): 1490. [PMID: 7078600]
427	Product Information. Flagyl (metronidazole). Searle, Skokie, IL.
428	Product Information. Tindamax (tinidazole). Presutti Laboratories Inc, Arlington Heights, IL.
429	Product Information. Korlym (mifepristone). Corcept Therapeutics Incorporated, Menlo Park, CA.
430	Product Information. Mifeprex (mifepristone) Danco Laboratories, New York, NY.
431	Product Information. Patanase (olopatadine nasal). Alcon Laboratories Inc, Fort Worth, TX.
432	Jamis-Dow CA, Klecker RW, Katki AG, Collins JM "Metabolism of Taxol by human liver microsomes and effect of inhibitors (Meeting abstract)." Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res 34 (1993): a21981993.
433	Product Information. Abraxane (paclitaxel protein-bound). American Pharmaceutical Partners, Schaumberg, IL.
434	Product Information. Taxol (paclitaxel). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
435	Spencer CM, Faulds D "Paclitaxel. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential in the treatment of cancer." Drugs 48 (1994): 794-847. [PMID: 7530632]
436	Bittencourt PR, Gracia CM, Martins R, et al "Phenytoin and carbamazepine decrease oral bioavailability of praziquantel." Neurology 42 (1992): 492-6. [PMID: 1549207]
437	Product Information. Biltricide (praziquantel). Bayer, West Haven, CT.
438	Ridtitid W, Wongnawa M, Mahatthanatrakul W, Punyo J, Sunbhanich M "Rifampin markedly decreases plasma concentrations of praziquantel in healthy volunteers." Clin Pharmacol Ther 72 (2002): 505-13. [PMID: 12426514]
439	Gill SS, Wright EM, Reilly CS "Pharmacokinetic interaction of propofol and fentanyl: single bolus injection study." Br J Anaesth 65 (1990): 760-5. [PMID: 2265045]
440	Hamaoka N, Oda Y, Hase I, Mizutani K, Nakamoto T, Ishizaki T, Asada A "Propofol decreases the clearance of midazolam by inhibiting CYP3A4: An in vivo and in vitro study." Clin Pharmacol Ther 66 (1999): 110-7. [PMID: 10460064]
441	Pavlin DJ, Coda B, Shen DD, et al "Effects of combining propofol and alfentanil on ventilation, analgesia, sedation, and emesis in human volunteers." Anesthesiology 84 (1996): 23-37. [PMID: 8572340]
442	Grimm SW, Richtand NM, Winter HR, Stams KR, Reele SB "Effects of cytochrome P450 3A modulators ketoconazole and carbamazepine on quetiapine pharmacokinetics." Br J Clin Pharmacol 61 (2006): 58-69. [PMID: 16390352]
443	Product Information. Seroquel (quetiapine). Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
444	Quetiapine for schizophrenia. Med Lett Drugs Ther 39 (1997): 117-8. [PMID: 9422044]
445	Wong YWJ, Yeh C, Thyrum PT "The effects of concomitant phenytoin administration on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of quetiapine." J Clin Psychopharmacol 21 (2001): 89-93. [PMID: 11199955]
446	Data JL, Wilkinson GR, Nies AS "Interaction of quinidine with anticonvulsant drugs." N Engl J Med 294 (1976): 699-702. [PMID: 1250281]
447	Kroboth FJ, Kroboth PD, Logan T "Phenytoin-theophylline-quinidine interaction." N Engl J Med 308 (1983): 725. [PMID: 6828116]
448	Rodgers GC, Blackman MS "Quinidine interaction with anticonvulsants." Drug Intell Clin Pharm 17 (1983): 819-20. [PMID: 6641505]
449	Fabre C, Criddle J, Nolder D, Klein JL "Recrudescence of imported falciparum malaria after quinine therapy: potential drug interaction with phenytoin." Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99 (2005): 871-3. [PMID: 16099004]
450	Product Information. Qualaquin (quinine). AR Scientific Inc, Philadelphia, PA.
451	Product Information. Rifadin (rifampin). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
452	Pukrittayakamee S, Prakongpan S, Wanwimolruk S, Clemens R, Looareesuwan S, White NJ "Adverse effect of rifampin on quinine efficacy in uncomplicated falciparum malaria." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47 (2003): 1509-1513. [PMID: 12709315]
453	Twum-Barima Y, Carruthers SG "Quinidine-rifampin interaction." N Engl J Med 304 (1981): 1466-9. [PMID: 7231477]
454	Wanwimolruk S, Kang W, Coville PF, Viriyayudhakorn S, Thitiarchakul S "Marked enhancement by rifampicin and lack of effect of isoniazid on the elimination of quinine in man." Br J Clin Pharmacol 40 (1995): 87-91. [PMID: 8527275]
455	Bidstrup TB, Bjornsdottir I, Sidelmann UG, Thomsen MS, Hansen KT "CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 are the principal enzymes involved in the human in vitro biotransformation of the insulin secretagogue repaglinide." Br J Clin Pharmacol 56 (2003): 305-14. [PMID: 12919179]
456	Niemi M, Backman JT, Neuvonen M, Neuvonen PJ, Kivisto KT "Rifampin decreases the plasma concentrations and effects of repaglinide." Clin Pharmacol Ther 68 (2000): 495-500. [PMID: 11103752]
457	Product Information. Prandin (repaglinide). Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals Inc, Princeton, NJ.
458	Hyland R, Roe GH, Jones BC, Smith DA "Identification of the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the N-demethylation of sildenafil." Br J Clin Pharmaacol 51 (2001): 239-48. [PMID: 11298070]
459	Product Information. Revatio (sildenafil). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
460	Product Information. Viagra (sildenafil). Pfizer US Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
461	Warrington JS, Shader RI, vonMoltke LL, Greenblatt DJ "In vitro biotransformation of sildenafil (Viagra): Identification of human cytochromes and potential drug interactions." Drug Metab Disposition 28 (2000): 392-7. [PMID: 10725306]
462	Product Information. Prograf (tacrolimus). Fujisawa, Deerfield, IL.
463	Product Information. Rapamune (sirolimus) Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
464	Product Information. Nexavar (sorafenib). Bayer Pharmaceutical Inc, West Haven, CT.
465	Product Information. Sutent (sunitinib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
466	Product Information. Adcirca (tadalafil). United Therapeutics Corporation, Silver Spring, MD.
467	Product Information. Cialis (tadalafil). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
468	Biochem Pharmacol "Variable contribution of cytochromes P450 2D6, 2C9, and 3A4 to the 4-hydroxylation of tamoxifen by human liver microsomes." Biochem Pharmacol 53 (1997): 171-8. [PMID: 9037249]
469	Kivisto KT, Villikka K, Nyman L, Anttila M, Neuvonen PJ "Tamoxifen and toremifene concentrations in plasma are greatly decreased by rifampin." Clin Pharmacol Ther 64 (1998): 648-54. [PMID: 9871429]
470	Lien EA, Anker G, Lonning PE, et al "Decreased serum concentrations of tamoxifen and its metabolites induced by aminoglutethimide." Cancer Res 50 (1990): 5851-7. [PMID: 2393854]
471	Product Information. Targretin (bexarotene) Ligand Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA.
472	Product Information. Ketek (telithromycin). Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ.
473	European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products. Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products "European Public Assessment Report Ketek (telithromycin) (Rev. 2) ".
474	Product Information. Thalomid (thalidomide). Celgene Corporation, Warren, NJ.
475	Product Information. Zanaflex (tizanidine). Acorda Therapeutics, Hawthorne, NY.
476	Berthou F, Dreano Y, Belloc C, Kangas L, Gautier JC, Beaune P "Involvement of cytochrome P450 3A enzyme family in the major metabolic pathways of toremifene in human liver microsomes." Biochem Pharmacol 47 (1994): 1883-95. [PMID: 8204106]
477	Product Information. Fareston (toremifene). Schering Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ.
478	Rutledge DR, Pieper JA, Mirvis DM "Effects of chronic phenobarbital on verapamil dispostion in humans." J Pharmacol Exp Ther 246 (1988): 7-13. [PMID: 3392664]
479	Product Information. Marqibo (vinCRIStine liposome). Talon Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco,, CA.
480	Product Information. VFEND (voriconazole). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
481	Nakasa H, Nakamura H, Ono S, Tsutsui M, Kiuchi M, Ohmori S, Kitada M "Prediction of drug-drug interactions of zonisamide metabolism in humans from in vitro data." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 54 (1998): 177-83. [PMID: 9626925]
482	Product Information. Zonegran (zonisamide) Elan Pharmaceuticals, S. San Francisco, CA.
483	Product Information. Rukobia (fostemsavir). ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, NC.
484	Product Information. Myrbetriq (mirabegron). Astellas Pharma US, Inc, Deerfield, IL.
485	Hellmann A, Rule S, Walewski J, et al. "Effect of cytochrome P450 3A4 inducers on the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety profiles of bortezomib in patients with multiple myeloma or Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma." Clin Pharmacokinet 50 (2011): 781-91. [PMID: 22087865]
486	Pekol T, Daniels JS, Labutti J, et al "Human metabolism of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib: identification of circulating metabolites." Drug Metab Dispos 33 (2005): 771-7. [PMID: 15764713]
487	Product Information. Velcade (bortezomib). Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
488	Uttamsingh V, Lu C, Miwa GT, Gan LS "Relative contributions of the five major human cytochromes P450, 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4 to the hepatic metabolism of teh protosome inhibitor bortezomib." Drug Metab Dispos 33 (2005): 1723-8. [PMID: 16103134]
489	Benetello P, Furlanut M "Primidone-carbamazepine interaction: clinical consequences." Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 7 (1987): 165-8. [PMID: 3583497]
490	Cereghino JJ, Brock JT, Van Meter JC, et al "The efficacy of carbamazepine combinations in epilepsy." Clin Pharmacol Ther 18 (1975): 733-41. [PMID: 1106934]
491	Dam M, Jensen A, Christiansen J "Plasma level and effect of carbamazepine in grand mal and psychomotor epilepsy." Acta Neurol Scand S75 (1975): 33-8. [PMID: 811075]
492	Eichelbaum M, Kothe KW, Hoffmann F, von Unruh GE "Kinetics and metabolism of carbamazepine during combined antiepileptic drug therapy." Clin Pharmacol Ther 26 (1979): 366-71. [PMID: 466929]
493	Liu H, Delgado MR "Interactions of phenobarbital and phenytoin with carbamazepine and its metabolites' concentrations, concentration ratios, and level dose ratios in epileptic children." Epilepsia 36 (1995): 249-54. [PMID: 7614908]
494	Product Information. Tegretol (carbamazepine). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
495	Ramsay RE, McManus DQ, Guterman A, et al "Carbamazepine metabolism in humans: effect of concurrent anticonvulsant therapy." Ther Drug Monit 12 (1990): 235-41. [PMID: 2112276]
496	Spina E, Martines C, Fazio A, Trio R, Pisani F, Tomson T "Effect of phenobarbital on the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide, an active metabolite of carbamazepine." Ther Drug Monit 13 (1991): 109-12. [PMID: 2053116]
497	Tomson T, Spina E, Wedlund JE "Minor additive inducing effects of phenobarbital on carbamazepine clearance in patients on combined carbamazepine-phenytoin therapy." Ther Drug Monit 9 (1987): 117-9. [PMID: 3576657]
498	Product Information. Evoxac (cevimeline) Daiichi Pharmaceuticals, Fort lee, NJ.
499	Somogyi A, Thielscher S, Gugler R "Influence of phenobarbital treatment on cimetidine kinetics." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 19 (1981): 343-7. [PMID: 7238562]
500	Product Information. Aczone (dapsone topical). QLT USA, Inc, Fort Collins, CO.
501	Helleberg L, Rubin A, Wolen RL, et al "A pharmacokinetic interaction in man between phenobarbitone and fenoprofen, a new anti-inflammatory agent." Br J Clin Pharmacol 1 (1974): 371-4. [PMID: 22454912]
502	Product Information. Nalfon (fenoprofen). Xspire Pharma, Ridgeland, MS.
503	Ciraulo DA, Shader RI "Fluoxetine drug-drug interactions. II." J Clin Psychopharmacol 10 (1990): 213-7. [PMID: 2198298]
504	Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P, eds. "Goodman and Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 8th ed." New York, NY: Pergamon Press Inc. (1990):.
505	Product Information. Chirocaine (levobupivacaine) Organon, West Orange, NJ.
506	Heinonen J, Takki S, Jarho L "Plasma lidocaine levels in patients treated with potential inducers of microsomal enzymes." Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 14 (1970): 89-95. [PMID: 5428253]
507	Perucca E, Richens A "Reduction of oral bioavailability of lignocaine by induction of first pass metabolism in epileptic patients." Br J Clin Pharmacol 8 (1979): 21-31. [PMID: 552293]
508	Perucca E, Ruprah M, Richens A, Park BK, Betteridge DJ, Hedges AM "Effect of low-dose phenobarbitone on five indirect indices of hepatic microsomal enzyme induction and plasma lipoproteins in normal subjects." Br J Clin Pharmacol 12 (1981): 592-6. [PMID: 6117310]
509	Goldberg MR, Lo MW, Deutsch PJ, Wilson SE, Mcwilliams EJ, Mccrea JB "Phenobarbital minimally alters plasma concentrations of losartan and its active metabolite e-3174." Clin Pharmacol Ther 59 (1996): 268-74. [PMID: 8653989]
510	Product Information. Lysodren (mitotane). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
511	Product Information. Paxil (paroxetine). GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
512	Sams RA, Muir WW. Effects of phenobarbital on thiopental pharmacokinetics in greyhounds. Am J Vet Res. 1988;49(2):245-249. [PMID: 3348533]

Details of Drug

Details of Drug

Cite MecDDI

About MecDDI

Correspondence