Drug General Information (ID: D1513)
  Drug Name
Sulfadiazine
  Drug Type Small molecule
  Drug Synonymous
Adiazin; Adiazine; CocoDiazine; Codiazine; Cremodiazine; Cremotres; Debenal; Deltazina; Diazin; Diazolone; Diazovit; Diazyl; Eskadiazine; Liquadiazine; Microsulfon; Neazine; Neotrizine; Palatrize; Piridisir; Pirimal; Pyrimal; Quadetts; Quadramoid; Sanodiazine; Solfadiazina; Spofadrizine; Sterazine; Sulfadiazene; Sulfadiazin; Sulfadiazina; Sulfadiazinum; Sulfanilamidopyrimidine; Sulfapirimidin; Sulfapyrimidin; Sulfapyrimidine; Sulfatryl; Sulfazine; Sulfolex; Sulfonsol; Sulfose; Sulphadiazine; Terfonyl; Theradiazine; Trifonamide; Trisem; Truozine; Honey diazine; Solfadiazina [DCIT]; Sulfapyrimidin [German]; Sulfonamides Duplex; Sulphadiazine E; Triple Sulfas; Zinc Sulfadiazine; A 306; RP 2616; A-306; Coco-Diazine; Lantrisul (TN); Lipo-Diazine; Lipo-Levazine; Metha-Meridiazine; Neotrizine (TN); Pecta-Diazine; RBPI21 & Sulfa; Sulfadiazina [INN-Spanish]; Sulfadiazine (TN); Sulfadiazine, Zinc; Sulfadiazinum [INN-Latin]; Sulfaloid (TN); Sulfonamides Duplex (TN); Sulfose (TN); Terfonyl (TN); Tri-Sulfameth; Triple Sulfa (TN); Triple Sulfas (TN); Triple Sulfoid (TN); Trisulfapyrimidine, oral suspension; A-306 (VAN); CRL-8131 & Sulfadiazine; Di-Azo-Mul; Mixture of sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethazine; Pecta-diazine, suspension; S. N. 112; S.N. 112; Sulfadiazine [USAN:INN:JAN]; Thi-Di-Mer; N(1)-2-pyrimidinylsulfanilamide; N(1)-2-pyrimidylsulfanilamide; N(sup 1)-2-Pyrimidinylsulfanilamide; N(sup1)-2-Pyrimidinylsulfanilamide; N(sup1)-2-Pyrimidylsulfanilamide; N-(2-Pyrimidinyl)sulfanilamide; Recombinant bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein & Sulfadiazine; Sulfa-Triple #2 (TN); Sulfadiazine (JAN/USP/INN); N1-(Pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfanilamide; Sulfanilamide, N1-2-pyrimidinyl-(8CI); Adiazin, Adiazine, Debenal, Liquadiazine, Microsulfon, Sulfazine, Sulfolex, Sulfadiazine; 2-Sulfanilamido-pyrimidine; 2-Sulfanilamidopyrimidin; 2-Sulfanilamidopyrimidin [German]; 2-Sulfanilamidopyrimidine; 2-Sulfanilylaminopyrimidine; 2-Sulfapyrimidine; 4-AMINO-N-2-PYRIMIDINYLBENZENESULFONAMIDE; 4-Amino-N-(2-pyrimidinyl)benzenesulfonamide; 4-Amino-N-2-pyrimidinyl-benzenesulfonamide; SDZ
    Click to Show/Hide
  Disease Class 1B40: Rheumatic fever
  Therapeutic Class Antiinfective Agents
  Structure Could Not Find 2D Structure
3D Structure 2D Structure
  Formula C10H10N4O2S
  InChI 1S/C10H10N4O2S/c11-8-2-4-9(5-3-8)17(15,16)14-10-12-6-1-7-13-10/h1-7H,11H2,(H,12,13,14)
  InChIKey SEEPANYCNGTZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  Canonical SMILES C1=CN=C(N=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N
  External Link
Pubchem ID 5215
CAS Number 68-35-9
CHEBI ID 9328
TTD ID D05LKP
INTEDE ID DR1509

Drug-Drug Interaction Network
  Sunburst Graph
AM001  Affected gastrointestinal absorption
AM003  Affected organization distribution
AM004  Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
AM006  Pharmacodynamic additive effects
AM007  Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
BM002  Altered intestinal flora
BM013  Competitive binding of plasma proteins
BM014  Interference of cell/tissue uptake
BM017  CYP450 enzyme inhibition
BM043  Additive immunosuppressive effects
BM044  Additive myelosuppressive effects
BM055  Increased risk of hepatotoxicity
BM064  Increased risk of hypoglycemia
BM071  Increased risk of methemoglobinemia
BM072  Increased risk of nephrotoxicity
BM075  Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions
BM083  Potentiated the pharmacological effects (Unspecific)
BM100  Antagonize the effect of vaccine/toxoid
BM107  Attenuated pharmacological effects (Unspecific)
BM109  Increased risk of other adverse reactions (Unspecific)
  Relation Graph
 Full list of drugs interacting with Sulfadiazine
      Affected gastrointestinal absorption
   Altered intestinal flora Drug Num:  2
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1094
 
Mycophenolate mofetil
 
C23H31NO7
 
5281078 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[215], [216]
D1095
 
Mycophenolic acid
 
C17H20O6
 
446541 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[215], [216]
      Affected organization distribution
   Competitive binding of plasma proteins Drug Num:  4
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0481
 
Dicoumarol
 
C19H12O6
 
54676038 
Major    Inter Info   
[4], [5], [6]
D0087
 
Anisindione
 
C16H12O3
 
2197 
Major    Inter Info   
[10], [11], [12], [13], [4], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [5], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [6], [26], [27]
D1711
 
Warfarin
 
C19H16O4
 
54678486 
Major    Inter Info   
[10], [11], [12], [13], [4], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [5], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [6], [26], [27]
D1025
 
Methotrexate
 
C20H22N8O5
 
126941 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[197], [198], [28], [199], [200], [201], [202], [203], [204], [205], [206], [207], [208], [209], [210]
   Interference of cell/tissue uptake Drug Num:  2
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1817
 
Indium In-111 oxyquinoline
 
C27H18InN3O3
 
16685037 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[191]
D1822
 
Iodide I-123
 
I-
 
135300 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[192], [193], [194]
      Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
   CYP450 enzyme inhibition Drug Num:  8
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0298
 
Celecoxib
 
C17H14F3N3O2S
 
2662 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[178]
D0476
 
Diclofenac
 
C14H11Cl2NO2
 
3033 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[40], [28], [180]
D0628
 
Etravirine
 
C20H15BrN6O
 
193962 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[187]
D0905
 
Lesinurad
 
C17H14BrN3O2S
 
53465279 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[195]
D0946
 
Lonafarnib
 
C27H31Br2ClN4O2
 
148195 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[196]
D1087
 
Montelukast
 
C35H36ClNO3S
 
5281040 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[213], [214]
D1682
 
Vardenafil
 
C23H32N6O4S
 
135400189 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[228], [229]
D1611
 
Torasemide
 
C16H20N4O3S
 
41781 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[233], [234], [235]
      Pharmacodynamic additive effects
   Additive immunosuppressive effects Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1375
 
Radium Ra 223 dichloride
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[223]
   Additive myelosuppressive effects Drug Num:  3
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0370
 
Clozapine
 
C18H19ClN4
 
135398737 
Major    Inter Info   
[28], [29], [30]
D0710
 
Ganciclovir
 
C9H13N5O4
 
135398740 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[40], [28], [188], [189]
D1676
 
Valganciclovir
 
C14H22N6O5
 
135413535 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[40], [28], [188], [189]
   Increased risk of hepatotoxicity Drug Num:  21
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0944
 
Lomitapide
 
C39H37F6N3O2
 
9853053 
Major    Inter Info   
[31]
D1073
 
Mipomersen
 
C230H324N67O122P19S19
 
118984467 
Major    Inter Info   
[34]
D1258
 
Pexidartinib
 
C20H15ClF3N5
 
25151352 
Major    Inter Info   
[38]
D0114
 
Asparaginase Escherichia coli
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[49], [50], [51], [40], [28], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57], [58], [59]
D0826
 
Interferon beta-1a
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[168], [169], [170], [171]
D0827
 
Interferon beta-1b
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[168], [169], [170], [171]
D1234
 
Pegaspargase
 
C14H19NO
 
436058 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[49], [50], [51], [40], [28], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57], [58], [59]
D0113
 
Asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[49], [50], [51], [40], [28], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57], [58], [59]
D0149
 
Bedaquiline
 
C32H31BrN2O2
 
5388906 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[175]
D0199
 
Brentuximab vedotin
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[176]
D0232
 
Calaspargase pegol
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[49], [50], [51], [40], [28], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57], [58], [59]
D0248
 
Cannabidiol
 
C21H30O2
 
644019 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[28], [177]
D0357
 
Clofarabine
 
C10H11ClFN5O3
 
119182 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[179]
D0554
 
Efavirenz
 
C14H9ClF3NO2
 
64139 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[181], [182]
D0584
 
Epirubicin
 
C27H29NO11
 
41867 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[40], [28], [183]
D0789
 
Idelalisib
 
C22H18FN7O
 
11625818 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[190]
D1106
 
Naltrexone
 
C20H23NO4
 
5360515 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[217]
D1239
 
Peginterferon beta-1a
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[168], [169], [170], [171]
D1389
 
Remdesivir
 
C27H35N6O8P
 
121304016 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[40], [28], [224], [225], [226]
D1615
 
Trabectedin
 
C39H43N3O11S
 
108150 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[28], [227]
D1589
 
Tioguanine
 
C5H5N5S
 
2723601 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[231], [232]
   Increased risk of hypoglycemia Drug Num:  21
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0727
 
Glimepiride
 
C24H34N4O5S
 
3476 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76], [77], [78], [79], [80], [81], [82], [83], [84], [85], [86], [87], [88], [89], [90], [91], [92], [93], [94], [95], [96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [106], [107], [15], [108], [109], [110], [111], [112], [113], [114], [115], [116], [117], [118], [119], [120], [121], [122], [123], [124], [125], [126], [127], [128], [129], [130], [131], [132], [133], [134], [135], [136], [137], [138], [139], [140], [141], [142], [143], [144], [145], [146], [147], [148], [149], [150], [151], [152], [153], [154], [155], [156], [157], [158], [159], [160]
D0811
 
Insulin glargine
 
C267H404N72O78S6
 
118984454 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [161], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76], [77], [78], [79], [81], [82], [83], [85], [86], [87], [88], [90], [91], [92], [94], [96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [106], [108], [110], [111], [112], [115], [116], [118], [119], [120], [122], [162], [124], [163], [164], [129], [165], [166], [135], [137], [138], [139], [141], [143], [145], [147], [148], [152], [153], [154], [155], [167], [156], [157], [159], [160]
D0813
 
Insulin human
 
C257H383N65O77S6
 
118984375 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[68], [124], [141]
D0814
 
Insulin human (inhalation, rapid acting)
 
C257H383N65O77S6
 
118984375 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[68], [124], [141]
D0815
 
Insulin human (isophane)
 
C257H383N65O77S6
 
118984375 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[68], [124], [141]
D0816
 
Insulin human (regular)
 
C257H383N65O77S6
 
118984375 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[68], [124], [141]
D0817
 
Insulin human (zinc extended)
 
C257H383N65O77S6
 
118984375 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[68], [124], [141]
D0818
 
Insulin human (zinc)
 
C257H383N65O77S6
 
118984375 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[68], [124], [141]
D0820
 
Insulin lispro (protamine)
 
C257H389N65O77S6
 
16132438 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[68], [124], [141]
D0013
 
Acetohexamide
 
C15H20N2O4S
 
1989 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76], [77], [78], [79], [80], [81], [82], [83], [84], [85], [86], [87], [88], [89], [90], [91], [92], [93], [94], [95], [96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [106], [107], [15], [108], [109], [110], [111], [112], [113], [114], [115], [116], [117], [118], [119], [120], [121], [122], [123], [124], [125], [126], [127], [128], [129], [130], [131], [132], [133], [134], [135], [136], [137], [138], [139], [140], [141], [142], [143], [144], [145], [146], [147], [148], [149], [150], [151], [152], [153], [154], [155], [156], [157], [158], [159], [160]
D0325
 
Chlorpropamide
 
C10H13ClN2O3S
 
2727 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76], [77], [78], [79], [80], [81], [82], [83], [84], [85], [86], [87], [88], [89], [90], [91], [92], [93], [94], [95], [96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [106], [107], [15], [108], [109], [110], [111], [112], [113], [114], [115], [116], [117], [118], [119], [120], [121], [122], [123], [124], [125], [126], [127], [128], [129], [130], [131], [132], [133], [134], [135], [136], [137], [138], [139], [140], [141], [142], [143], [144], [145], [146], [147], [148], [149], [150], [151], [152], [153], [154], [155], [156], [157], [158], [159], [160]
D0728
 
Glipizide
 
C21H27N5O4S
 
3478 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76], [77], [78], [79], [80], [81], [82], [83], [84], [85], [86], [87], [88], [89], [90], [91], [92], [93], [94], [95], [96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [106], [107], [15], [108], [109], [110], [111], [112], [113], [114], [115], [116], [117], [118], [119], [120], [121], [122], [123], [124], [125], [126], [127], [128], [129], [130], [131], [132], [133], [134], [135], [136], [137], [138], [139], [140], [141], [142], [143], [144], [145], [146], [147], [148], [149], [150], [151], [152], [153], [154], [155], [156], [157], [158], [159], [160]
D0807
 
Insulin aspart (aspart protamine)
 
C256H381N65O79S6
 
118984445 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[68], [124], [141]
D0808
 
Insulin aspart (aspart)
 
C256H381N65O79S6
 
118984445 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[68], [124], [141]
D0809
 
Insulin degludec
 
C274H411N65O81S6
 
118984462 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [161], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76], [77], [78], [79], [81], [82], [83], [85], [86], [87], [88], [90], [91], [92], [94], [96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [106], [108], [110], [111], [112], [115], [116], [118], [119], [120], [122], [162], [124], [163], [164], [129], [165], [166], [135], [137], [138], [139], [141], [143], [145], [147], [148], [152], [153], [154], [155], [167], [156], [157], [159], [160]
D0810
 
Insulin detemir
 
C267H402N64O76S6
 
16137271 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [161], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76], [77], [78], [79], [81], [82], [83], [85], [86], [87], [88], [90], [91], [92], [94], [96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [106], [108], [110], [111], [112], [115], [116], [118], [119], [120], [122], [162], [124], [163], [164], [129], [165], [166], [135], [137], [138], [139], [141], [143], [145], [147], [148], [152], [153], [154], [155], [167], [156], [157], [159], [160]
D0812
 
Insulin glulisine
 
C258H384N64O78S6
 
16136701 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [161], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76], [77], [78], [79], [81], [82], [83], [85], [86], [87], [88], [90], [91], [92], [94], [96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [106], [108], [110], [111], [112], [115], [116], [118], [119], [120], [122], [162], [124], [163], [164], [129], [165], [166], [135], [137], [138], [139], [141], [143], [145], [147], [148], [152], [153], [154], [155], [167], [156], [157], [159], [160]
D1112
 
Nateglinide
 
C19H27NO3
 
5311309 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76], [77], [78], [79], [80], [81], [82], [83], [84], [85], [86], [87], [88], [89], [90], [91], [92], [93], [94], [95], [96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [106], [107], [15], [108], [109], [110], [111], [112], [113], [114], [115], [116], [117], [118], [119], [120], [121], [122], [123], [124], [125], [126], [127], [128], [129], [130], [131], [132], [133], [134], [135], [136], [137], [138], [139], [140], [141], [142], [143], [144], [145], [146], [147], [148], [149], [150], [151], [152], [153], [154], [155], [156], [157], [158], [159], [160]
D1392
 
Repaglinide
 
C27H36N2O4
 
65981 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76], [77], [78], [79], [80], [81], [82], [83], [84], [85], [86], [87], [88], [89], [90], [91], [92], [93], [94], [95], [96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [106], [107], [15], [108], [109], [110], [111], [112], [113], [114], [115], [116], [117], [118], [119], [120], [121], [122], [123], [124], [125], [126], [127], [128], [129], [130], [131], [132], [133], [134], [135], [136], [137], [138], [139], [140], [141], [142], [143], [144], [145], [146], [147], [148], [149], [150], [151], [152], [153], [154], [155], [156], [157], [158], [159], [160]
D1601
 
Tolazamide
 
C14H21N3O3S
 
5503 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76], [77], [78], [79], [80], [81], [82], [83], [84], [85], [86], [87], [88], [89], [90], [91], [92], [93], [94], [95], [96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [106], [107], [15], [108], [109], [110], [111], [112], [113], [114], [115], [116], [117], [118], [119], [120], [121], [122], [123], [124], [125], [126], [127], [128], [129], [130], [131], [132], [133], [134], [135], [136], [137], [138], [139], [140], [141], [142], [143], [144], [145], [146], [147], [148], [149], [150], [151], [152], [153], [154], [155], [156], [157], [158], [159], [160]
D1603
 
Tolbutamide
 
C12H18N2O3S
 
5505 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76], [77], [78], [79], [80], [81], [82], [83], [84], [85], [86], [87], [88], [89], [90], [91], [92], [93], [94], [95], [96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [106], [107], [15], [108], [109], [110], [111], [112], [113], [114], [115], [116], [117], [118], [119], [120], [121], [122], [123], [124], [125], [126], [127], [128], [129], [130], [131], [132], [133], [134], [135], [136], [137], [138], [139], [140], [141], [142], [143], [144], [145], [146], [147], [148], [149], [150], [151], [152], [153], [154], [155], [156], [157], [158], [159], [160]
   Increased risk of methemoglobinemia Drug Num:  8
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1148
 
Nitrous acid
 
HNO2
 
24529 
Major    Inter Info   
[35], [36], [37]
D1337
 
Prilocaine
 
C13H20N2O
 
4906 
Major    Inter Info   
[39], [40], [28], [41], [42], [43], [44]
D1338
 
Prilocaine (topical)
 
C13H20N2O
 
4906 
Major    Inter Info   
[45], [40], [44]
D0419
 
Dapsone
 
C12H12N2O2S
 
2955 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[40], [60]
D0420
 
Dapsone (topical)
 
C12H12N2O2S
 
2955 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[40], [60]
D0319
 
Chloroprocaine
 
C13H19ClN2O2
 
8612 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[28]
D1344
 
Procaine
 
C13H20N2O2
 
4914 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[28]
D1561
 
Tetracaine
 
C15H24N2O2
 
5411 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[28]
   Increased risk of nephrotoxicity Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0402
 
Cyclosporine
 
C62H111N11O12
 
5284373 
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3]
   Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions Drug Num:  6
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0062
 
Aminolevulinic acid
 
C5H9NO3
 
137 
Major    Inter Info   
[8], [9]
D0063
 
Aminolevulinic acid (topical)
 
C5H9NO3
 
137 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[40], [28], [173]
D1028
 
Methoxsalen
 
C12H8O4
 
4114 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[40], [172], [8], [211], [212]
D1033
 
Methyl aminolevulinate (topical)
 
C6H11NO3
 
157922 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[40], [28], [173]
D1314
 
Porfimer sodium
 
C68H74N8O11
 
135577896 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[221], [28], [222]
D1691
 
Verteporfin
 
C82H84N8O16
 
11980904 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[28], [172], [8], [230]
   Potentiated the pharmacological effects (Unspecific) Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1366
 
Pyrimethamine
 
C12H13ClN4
 
4993 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[28], [172]
   Increased risk of other adverse reactions (Unspecific) Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1020
 
Methenamine
 
C6H12N4
 
4101 
Major    Inter Info   
[32], [33]
      Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
   Antagonize the effect of vaccine/toxoid Drug Num:  2
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1914
 
Typhoid vaccine (live)
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[28], [46], [47]
D1693
 
Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR strain live antigen (live)
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[48]
   Attenuated pharmacological effects (Unspecific) Drug Num:  6
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0059
 
Aminobenzoic acid
 
C7H7NO2
 
978 
Major    Inter Info   
[7]
D0145
 
Balsalazide
 
C17H15N3O6
 
54585 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[174]
D0606
 
Estradiol
 
C18H24O2
 
5757 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[184], [185], [186]
D0619
 
Ethinylestradiol
 
C20H24O2
 
5991 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[184], [185], [186]
D1011
 
Mestranol
 
C21H26O2
 
6291 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[184], [185], [186]
D1287
 
Picosulfuric acid
 
C18H15NO8S2
 
5243 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[218], [219], [220]
References
1 Cockburn IT, Krupp P "An appraisal of drug interactions with sandimmun." Transplant Proc 21 (1989): 3845-50. [PMID: 2683269]
2 Ringden O, Myrenfors P, Klintmalm G, Tyden G, Ost L "Nephrotoxicity by co-trimoxazole and cyclosporin in transplanted patients." Lancet 1 (1984): 1016-7.[PMID: 6143932]
3 Berg K, Gjellestad A, Nordby G, et al "Renal effects of trimethoprim in ciclosporin- and azathioprine-treated kidney-allografted patients." Nephron 53 (1989): 218-22.[PMID: 2677807]
4 Hermida J, Zarza J, Alberca I, et al. "Differential effects of 2C9*3 and 2C9*2 variants of cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 on sensitivity to acenocoumarol." Blood 99 (2002): 4237-9. [PMID: 12010835]
5 O'Reilly RA, Motley CH "Racemic warfarin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole interaction in humans." Ann Intern Med 91 (1979): 34-6. [PMID: 464451]
6 Venkatakrishnan K, vonMoltke LL, Greenblatt DJ "Effects of the antifungal agents on oxidative drug metabolism - Clinical relevance." Clin Pharmacokinet 38 (2000): 111-80. [PMID: 10709776]
7 Product Information. Potaba (potassium aminobenzoate). Glenwood Inc, Englewood, NJ.
8 Product Information. Nulibry (fosdenopterin). Origin Biosciences Inc, Boston, MA.
9 Product Information. Gleolan (aminolevulinic acid). NX Development Corp, Lexington, KY.
10 Cook DE, Ponte CD "Suspected trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole induced hypoprothrombinemia." J Fam Pract 39 (1994): 589-91. [PMID: 7798864]
11 Fischer HD, Juurlink DN, Mamdani MM, Kopp A, Laupacis A "Hemorrhage during warfarin therapy associated with cotrimoxazole and other urinary tract anti-infective agents: a population-based study." Arch Intern Med 170 (2010): 617-21. [PMID: 20386005]
12 Glasheen JJ, Fugit RV, Prochazka AV "The risk of overanticoagulation with antibiotic use in outpatients on stable warfarin regimens." J Gen Intern Med 20 (2005): 653-6. [PMID: 16050864]
13 Hermans JJ, Thijssen HH "Human liver microsomal metabolism of the enantiomers of warfarin and acenocoumarol: P450 isozyme diversity determines the differences in their pharmacokinetics." Br J Pharmacol 110 (1993): 482-90. [PMID: 8220911]
14 Kelly JG, O'Malley K "Clinical pharmacokinetics of oral anticoagulants." Clin Pharmacokinet 4 (1979): 1-15. [PMID: 369763]
15 Lumholtz B, Siersbaek-Nielsen K, Skovsted L, Kampmann J, Hansen JM "Sulfamethizole-induced inhibition of diphenylhydantoin, tolbutamide, and warfarin metabolism." Clin Pharmacol Ther 17 (1975): 731-4. [PMID: 1139863]
16 Miners JO, Birkett DJ "Cytochrome P4502C9: an enzyme of major importance in human drug metabolism." Br J Clin Pharmacol 45 (1998): 525-38. [PMID: 9663807]
17 O'Donnell D "Antibiotic-induced potentiation of oral anticoagulant agents." Med J Aust 150 (1989): 163-4. [PMID: 2716588]
18 O'Reilly RA "Stereoselective interaction of trimethoprim-sulfamethaxazole with the separated enantiomorphs of racemic warfarin in man." N Engl J Med 302 (1980): 33-5. [PMID: 7350395]
19 Penning-van Beest F, Erkens J, Petersen KU, Koelz HR, Herings R "Main comedications associated with major bleeding during anticoagulant therapy with coumarins." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 61 (2005): 439-44. [PMID: 15947920]
20 Penning-van Beest FJ, van Meegen E, Rosendaal FR, Stricker BH "Drug interactions as a cause of overanticoagulation on phenprocoumon or acenocoumarol predominantly concern antibacterial drugs." Clin Pharmacol Ther 69 (2001): 451-7. [PMID: 11406743]
21 Self TH, Evans W, Ferguson T "Interaction of sulfisoxizole and warfarin." Circulation 52 (1975): 528. [PMID: 1157265]
22 Serlin MJ, Breckenridge AM "Drug interactions with warfarin." Drugs 25 (1983): 610-20. [PMID: 6347619]
23 Sioris LJ, Weibert RT, Pentel PR "Potentiation of warfarin anaticoagulation by sulfisoxazole." Arch Intern Med 140 (1980): 546-7. [PMID: 7362390]
24 Takahashi H, Wilkinson GR, Caraco Y, et al. "Population differences in S-warfarin metabolism between CYP2C9 genotype-matched Caucasian and Japanese patients." Clin Pharmacol Ther 73 (2003): 253-63. [PMID: 12621390]
25 Thijssen HH, Flinois JP, Beaune PH "Cytochrome P4502C9 is the principal catalyst of racemic acenocoumarol hydroxylation reactions in human liver microsomes." Drug Metab Disposition 28 (2000): 1284-90. [PMID: 11038154]
26 Visser LE, Penning-Van Bees FJ, Harrie Kasbergen AA, et al. "Overanticoagulation associated with combined use of antibacterial drugs and acenocoumarol or phenprocoumon anticoagulants." Thromb Haemost 88 (2002): 705-10. [PMID: 12428081]
27 Wells PS, Holbrook AM, Crowther NR, Hirsh J "Interactions of warfarin with drugs and food." Ann Intern Med 121 (1994): 676-83. [PMID: 7944078]
28 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
29 Product Information. Clozaril (clozapine). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
30 Canadian Pharmacists Association "e-CPS."
31 Product Information. Juxtapid (lomitapide). Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
32 Product Information. Hiprex (methenamine). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
33 Product Information. Urised (methenamine). Polymedica Pharmaceuticals USA Inc, Woburn, MA.
34 Product Information. Kynamro (mipomersen). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
35 Coleman MD, Coleman NA "Drug-induced methaemoglobinaemia: treatment issues." Drug Saf 14 (1996): 394-405. [PMID: 8828017]
36 Product Information. Sodium Nitrite (sodium nitrite). Hope Pharmaceuticals, Scottsdale, AZ.
37 Rehman HU "Methemoglobinemia." West J Med 175 (2001): 193-6. [PMID: 11527852]
38 Product Information. Turalio (pexidartinib). Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Parsippany, NJ.
39 Agencia Espaola de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios Healthcare "Centro de informacion online de medicamentos de la AEMPS - CIMA.".
40 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
41 Guay J "Methemoglobinemia related to local anesthetics: a summary of 242 episodes." Anesth Analg 108 (2009): 837-45. [PMID: 19224791]
42 Product Information. Citanest Forte (epinephrine-prilocaine) Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
43 Product Information. Citanest Plain (prilocaine) Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmingtoon, DE.
44 Skold A, Cosco DL, Klein R "Methemoglobinemia: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management." South Med J 104 (2011): 757-61. [PMID: 22024786]
45 Canadian Pharmacists Association.
46 UK government "Typhoid.".
47 American Medical Association, Division of Drugs and Toxicology "Drug evaluations annual 1994." Chicago, IL: American Medical Association (1994).
48 Product Information. Vaxchora (cholera vaccine, live). PaxVax, Miami, FL.
49 Al-Nawakil C, Willems L, Mauprivez C, et.al "Successful treatment of l-asparaginase-induced severe acute hepatotoxicity using mitochondrial cofactors." Leuk Lymphoma 55 (2014): 1670-4. [PMID: 24090500]
50 Bodmer M, Sulz M, Stadlmann S, Droll A, Terracciano L, Krahenbuhl S "Fatal liver failure in an adult patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia following treatment with L-asparaginase." Digestion 74 (2006): epub. [PMID: 16988508]
51 Cerner Multum, Inc "ANVISA Bulario Eletrnico.".
52 Christ TN, Stock W, Knoebel RW "Incidence of asparaginase-related hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, and thrombotic events in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with a pediatric-inspired regimen." J Oncol Pharm Pract 24 (2018): 299-308. [PMID: 28355969]
53 Jenkins R, Perlin E "Severe hepatotoxicity from Escherichia coli L-asparaginase." J Natl Med Assoc 79 (1987): 775-9. [PMID: 3305969]
54 Lu G, Karur V, Herrington JD, Walker MG "Successful treatment of pegaspargase-induced acute hepatotoxicity with vitamin B complex and L-carnitine" Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 29 (2016): 46-7. [PMID: 26722167]
55 Product Information. Asparlas (calaspargase pegol). Servier, Boston, MA.
56 Product Information. Elspar (asparaginase). Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
57 Product Information. Erwinaze (asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi). EUSA Pharma, Newtown, PA.
58 Product Information. Oncaspar (pegaspargase). Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA.
59 Burke PW, Aldoss I, Lunning MA, et.al "High-grade PEGylated asparaginase-related hepatotoxicity occurrence in a pediatric-inspired adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia regimen does not necessarily predict recurrent hepatotoxicity in subsequent cycles." Blood 122 (2013): 2671. [PMID: 29407583]
60 Product Information. Aczone (dapsone topical). QLT USA, Inc, Fort Collins, CO.
61 Abad S, Moachon L, Blanche P, Bavoux F, Sicard D, Salmon-Ceron D "Possible interaction between glicazide, fluconazole and sulfamethoxazole resulting in severe hypoglycaemia." Br J Clin Pharmacol 52 (2001): 456-7. [PMID: 11678792]
62 Ahmad S "Drug interaction induces hypoglycemia." J Fam Pract 40 (1995): 540-1. [PMID: 7775905]
63 Ahmad S "Gemfibrozil: interaction with glyburide." South Med J 84 (1991): 102. [PMID: 1898783]
64 Aleyassine H, Gardiner RJ "Dual action of antidepressant drugs (MAO inhibitors) on insulin release." Endocrinology 96 (1975): 702-10. [PMID: 1090438]
65 Aleyassine H, Lee SH "Inhibition of insulin release by substrates and inhibitors of monoamine oxidase." Am J Physiol 222 (1972): 565-9. [PMID: 5022664]
66 Almirall J, Montoliu J, Torras A, Revert L "Propoxyphene-induced hypoglycemia in a patient with chronic renal failure." Nephron 53 (1989): 273-5. [PMID: 2797348]
67 Arauz-Pacheco C, Ramirez LC, Rios JM, Raskin P "Hypoglycemia induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes receiving sulfonylurea therapy." Am J Med 89 (1990): 811-3. [PMID: 2123605]
68 Asplund K, Wiholm BE, Lithner F "Glibenclamide-associated hypoglycaemia: a report on 57 cases." Diabetologia 24 (1983): 412-7. [PMID: 6411511]
69 Baciewicz AM, Swafford WB Jr "Hypoglycemia induced by the interaction of chlorpropamide and co-trimoxazole." Drug Intell Clin Pharm 18 (1984): 309-10. [PMID: 6609055]
70 Barbato M "Another problem with Kinidin." Med J Aust 141 (1984): 685. [PMID: 6436654]
71 Baron SH "Salicylates as hypoglycemic agents." Diabetes Care 5 (1982): 64-71. [PMID: 6754304]
72 Cacoub P, Deray G, Baumelou A, Grimaldi A, Soubrie C, Jacobs C "Disopyramide-induced hypoglycemia: case report and review of the literature." Fundam Clin Pharmacol 3 (1989): 527-35. [PMID: 2691378]
73 Cattaneo AG, Caviezel F, Pozza G "Pharmacological interaction between tolbutamide and acetylsalicylic acid: study on insulin secretion in man." Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 28 (1990): 229-34. [PMID: 2198232]
74 Christensen LK, Hansen JM, Kristensen M "Sulphaphenazole-induced hypoglycemic attacks in tolbutamide-treated diabetics." Lancet 2 (1963): 1298-301. [PMID: 14071924]
75 Cooper AJ, Ashcroft G "Potentiation of insulin hypoglycaemia by M.A.O.I. antidepressant drugs." Lancet 1 (1966): 407-9. [PMID: 4159787]
76 Croxson MS, Shaw DW, Henley PG, Gabriel HDLL "Disopyramide-induced hypoglycaemia and increased serum insulin." N Z Med J July (1987): 407-8. [PMID: 3330586]
77 Darcy PF, Griffin JP "Interactions with drugs used in the treatment of depressive illness." Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev 14 (1995): 211-31. [PMID: 8845455]
78 Daubresse JC, Daigneux D, Bruwier M, Luyckx A, Lefebvre PJ "Clofibrate and diabetes control in patients treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents." Br J Clin Pharmacol 7 (1979): 599-603. [PMID: 380614]
79 Daubresse JC, Luyckx AS, Lefebvre PJ "Potentiation of hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas by clofibrate." N Engl J Med 294 (1976): 613. [PMID: 1246250]
80 David DS, Steere AC Jr, Pi-Sunyer XF, Sakai S, Clark SB "Aspirin-induced hypoglycaemia in a patient on haemodialysis." Lancet 2 (1971): 1092-3. [PMID: 4106934]
81 Davis TM, Karbwang J, Looareesuwan S, et al "Comparative effects of quinine and quinidine on glucose metabolism in healthy volunteers." Br J Clin Pharmacol 30 (1990): 397-403. [PMID: 2223418]
82 de Salcedo I, Gorringe AL, Silva JL, Santos JA "Gemfibrozil in a group of diabetics." Proc R Soc Med 69 (1976): 64-70. [PMID: 1019155]
83 Deeg MA, Lipkin EW "Hypoglycemia associated with the use of fluoxetine." West J Med 164 (1996): 262-3. [PMID: 8775944]
84 Diwan PV, Sastry MS, Satyanarayana NV "Potentiation of hypoglycemic response of glibenclamide by piroxicam in rats and humans." Indian J Exp Biol 30 (1992): 317-9. [PMID: 1459600]
85 Feher MD, Amiel S "ACE inhibitors and hypoglycaemia." Lancet 346 (1995): 125-6. [PMID: 7603199]
86 Feldman JM, Chapman B "Monoamine oxidase inhibitors: nature of their interaction with rabbit pancreatic islets to alter insulin secretion." Diabetologia 11 (1975): 487-94. [PMID: 1107123]
87 Ferrari C, Fressati S, Romussi M, et al. "Effects of short-term clofibrate administration on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in patients with chemical diabetes or hypertriglyceridemia." Metabolism 26 (1977): 129-39. [PMID: 834147]
88 Ferriere M, Lachkar H, Richard JL, Bringer J, Orsetti A, Mirouze J "Captopril and insulin sensitivity." Ann Intern Med 102 (1985): 134-5. [PMID: 3881067]
89 Field JB, Ohta M, Boyle C, Remer A "Potentiation of acetohexamide hypoglycemia by phenylbutazone." N Engl J Med 277 (1967): 889-94. [PMID: 6061822]
90 Fogari R, Zoppi A, Corradi L, Pierangelo L, Mugellini A, Lusardi P "Comparative effects of lisinopril and losartan on insulin sensitivity in the treatment of non diabetic hypertension." Br J Clin Pharmacol 46 (1998): 467-71. [PMID: 9833600]
91 Giugliano D, Ceriello A, Saccomanno F, et al "Effects of salicylate, tolbutamide, and prostaglandin E2 on insulin responses to glucose in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." J Clin Endocrinol Metab 61 (1985): 160-6. [PMID: 3923028]
92 Goldberg IJ, Brown LK, Rayfield EJ "Disopyramide (norpace)-induced hypoglycemia." Am J Med 69 (1980): 463-6. [PMID: 6998294]
93 Harris EL "Adverse reactions to oral antidiabetic agents." Br Med J 3 (1971): 29-30. [PMID: 5091891]
94 Harrison LC, King-Roach A, Martin FI, Melick RA "The effect of fenfluramine on insulin binding and on basal and insulin-stimulated oxidation of 1-C-glucose by human adipose tissue." Postgrad Med J 51 Suppl 1 (1975): 110-4. [PMID: 1219664]
95 Hartmann D, Korn A, Komjati M, Heinz G, Haefelfinger P, Defoin R, Waldhausl WK "Lack of effect of tenoxicam on dynamic responses to concurrent oral doses of glucose and glibenclamide." Br J Clin Pharmacol 30 (1990): 245-52. [PMID: 2119677]
96 Hayashi S, Horie M, Tsuura Y, Ishida H, Okada Y, Seino Y, Sasayama S "Disopyramide blocks pancreatic ATP-sensitive K+ channels and enhances insulin release." Am J Physiol 265 (1993): c337-42. [PMID: 8368263]
97 Hekimsoy Z, Biberoglu S, Comlekci A, Tarhan O, Mermut C, Biberoglu K "Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-induced hypoglycemia in a malnourished patient with severe infection." Eur J Endocrinol 136 (1997): 3046. [PMID: 9100556]
98 Hellman B "Potentiating effects of drugs on the binding of glibenclamide to pancreatic beta cells." Metabolism 23 (1974): 839-46. [PMID: 4212254]
99 Herings RMC, Deboer A, Stricker BHC, Leufkens HGM, Porsius A "Hypoglycaemia associated with use of inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme." Lancet 345 (1995): 1195-8. [PMID: 7739305]
100 Hundal RS, Petersen KF, Mayerson AB, et al "Mechanism by which high-dose aspirin improves glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes." J Clin Invest 109 (2002): 1321-6. [PMID: 12021247]
101 Iida H, Morita T, Suzuki E, Iwasawa K, Toyooka T, Nakajima T "Hypoglycemia induced by interaction between clarithromycin and disopyramide." Jpn Heart J 40 (1999): 91-6. [PMID: 10370402]
102 Johnson J, Dobmeier M "Symptomatic hypoglycemia secondary to a glipizide-trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole drug interaction." DICP 24 (1990): 250-1. [PMID: 2316232]
103 Johnson JA, Kappel JE, Sharif MN "Hypoglycemia secondary to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole administration in a renal transplant patient." Ann Pharmacother 27 (1993): 304-6. [PMID: 8453166]
104 Konttinen A, Kuisma I, Ralli R, Pohjola S, Ojala K "The effect of gemfibrozil on serum lipids in diabetic patients." Ann Clin Res 11 (1979): 240-5. [PMID: 398183]
105 Kradjan WA, Witt DM, Opheim KE, Wood FC "Lack of interaction between glipizide and co-trimoxazole." J Clin Pharmacol 34 (1994): 997-1002. [PMID: 7836551]
106 Kubacka RT, Antla EJ, Juhl RP, Welshman IR "Effects of aspirin and ibuprofen on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glyburide in healthy subjects." Ann Pharmacother 30 (1996): 20-6. [PMID: 8773160]
107 Lozada A, Dujovne CA "Drug interactions with fibric acids." Pharmacol Ther 63 (1994): 163-76. [PMID: 7809177]
108 Morris AD, Newton RW, Boyle DI, et al. "ACE inhibitor use is associated with hospitalization for severe hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes." Diabetes Care 20 (1997): 1363-7. [PMID: 9283780]
109 Morrison PJ, Rogers HJ, Spector RG, Bradbrook ID, John VA "Effect of pirprofen on glibenclamide kinetics and response." Br J Clin Pharmacol 14 (1982): 123-6. [PMID: 6809024]
110 Murakami K, Nambu S, Koh H, Kobayashi M, Shigeta Y "Clofibrate enhances the affinity of insulin receptors in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus." Br J Clin Pharmacol 17 (1984): 89-91. [PMID: 6362704]
111 Nakabayashi H, Ito T, Igawa T, Hiraiwa Y, Imamura T, Seta T, Kawato M, Usukura N, Takeda R "Disopyramide induces insulin secretion and plasma glucose diminution: studies using the in situ canine pancreas." Metabolism 38 (1989): 179-83. [PMID: 2643753]
112 Nappi JM, Dhanani S, Lovejoy JR, VanderArk C "Severe hypoglycemia associated with disopyramide." West J Med 138 (1983): 95-7. [PMID: 6404062]
113 Niemi M, Backman JT, Neuvonen M, Laitila J, Neuvonen PJ, Kivisto KT "Effects of fluconazole and fluvoxamine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glimepiride." Clin Pharmacol Ther 69 (2001): 194-200. [PMID: 11309547]
114 Nikkila EA, Ylikahri R, Huttunen JK "Gemfibrozil: effect on serum lipids, lipoproteins, postheparin plasma lipase activities and glucose tolerance in primary hypertriglyceridaemia." Proc R Soc Med 69 (1976): 58-63. [PMID: 190608]
115 Paolisso G, Balbi V, Gambardella A, Varricchio G, Tortoriello R, Saccomanno F, Amato L, Varricchio M "Lisinopril administration improves insulin action in aged patients with hypertension." J Hum Hypertens 9 (1995): 541-6. [PMID: 7562882]
116 Pestell RG, Crock PA, Ward GM, Alford FP, Best JD "Fenfluramine increases insulin action in patients with NIDDM." Diabetes Care 12 (1989): 252-8. [PMID: 2495916]
117 Petitpierre B, Perrin L, Rudhardt M, et al "Behaviour of chlorpropamide in renal insufficiency and under the effect of associated drug therapy." Int J Clin Pharmacol 6 (1972): 120-4. [PMID: 4638970]
118 Phillips AF, Matty PJ, Porte PJ, Raye JR "Inhibition of glucose-induced insulin secretion by indomethacin and sodium salicylate in the fetal lamb." Am J Obstet Gynecol 148 (1984): 481-7. [PMID: 6364813]
119 Phillips RE, Looareesuwan S, White NJ, et al "Hypoglycaemia and antimalarial drugs: quinidine and release of insulin." Br Med J 292 (1986): 1319-21. [PMID: 3085830]
120 Pollak PT, Mukherjee SD, Fraser AD "Sertraline-induced hypoglycemia." Ann Pharmacother 35 (2001): 1371-4. [PMID: 11724085]
121 Pond SM, Birkett DJ, Wade DN "Mechanisms of inhibition of tolbutamide metabolism: phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone, sulfaphenazole." Clin Pharmacol Ther 22 (1977): 573-9. [PMID: 913025]
122 Prince RL, Larkins RG, Alford FP "The effect of acetylsalicylic acid on plasma glucose and the response of glucose regulatory hormones to intravenous glucose and arginine in insulin treated diabetics and normal subjects." Metabolism 30 (1981): 293-8. [PMID: 7010074]
123 Product Information. Amaryl (glimepiride). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
124 Product Information. Apidra (insulin glulisine). Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ.
125 Product Information. Diabeta (glyburide). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
126 Product Information. Diabinese (chlorpropamide). Pfizer US Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
127 Product Information. Dymelor (acetohexamide) Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
128 Product Information. Glucotrol (glipizide). Pfizer US Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
129 Product Information. Increlex (mecasermin). Tercica Inc, Brisbane, CA.
130 Product Information. Micronase (glyburide). Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
131 Product Information. Orinase (tolbutamide) Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
132 Product Information. Prandin (repaglinide). Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals Inc, Princeton, NJ.
133 Product Information. Starlix (nateglinide) Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
134 Product Information. Tolinase (tolazamide) Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
135 Quevedo SF, Krauss DS, Chazan JA, et al "Fasting hypoglycemia secondary to disopyramide therapy." JAMA 245 (1981): 2424. [PMID: 6785461]
136 Ravic M, Johnston A, Turner P "Clinical pharmacological studies of some possible interactions of lornoxicam with other drugs." Postgrad Med J 66 (1990): s30-4. [PMID: 2126624]
137 Richardson T, Foster J, Mawer GE "Enhancement by sodium salicylate of the blood glucose lowering effect of chlorpropamide-drug interaction or summation of similar effects." Br J Clin Pharmacol 22 (1986): 43-8. [PMID: 3527244]
138 Rubin M, Zakheim B, Pitchumoni C "Disopyramide-induced profound hypoglycemia." N Y State J Med July,Aug,S (1983): 1057-8. [PMID: 6579404]
139 Salmela PI, Sotaniemi EA, Viikari J, et al "Fenfluramine therapy in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients effects on body weight, glucose homeostasis, serum lipoproteins, and antipyrine metabolism." Diabetes Care 4 (1981): 535-40. [PMID: 6751729]
140 Sawka AM, Burgart V, Zimmerman D "Loss of awareness of hypoglycemia temporally associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors." Diabetes Care 24 (2001): 1845-6. [PMID: 11574457]
141 Semel JD, Wortham E, Karl DM "Fasting hypoglycemia associated with disopyramide." Am Heart J 106 (1983): 1160-1. [PMID: 6356848]
142 Shah SJ, Bhandarkar SD, Satoskar RS "Drug interaction between chlorpropamide and non-steroidal anti-flammatory drugs, ibuprofen and phenylbutazone." Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 22 (1984): 470-2. [PMID: 6500764]
143 Sievenpiper JL, Arnason JT, Leiter LA, Vuksan V "Variable effects of American ginseng: a batch of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) with a depressed ginsenoside profile does not affect postprandial glycemia." Eur J Clin Nutr 57 (2003): 243-8. [PMID: 12571655]
144 Sjoberg S, Wiholm BE, Gunnarsson R, Emilsson H, Thunberg E, Christenson I, Ostman J "Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between glibenclamide and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole." Diabet Med 4 (1987): 245-7. [PMID: 2956028]
145 Slade IH, and Iosefa RN "Fatal hypoglycemic coma from the use of tolbutamide in elderly patients: report of two cases." J Am Geriatr Soc 15 (1967): 948-50. [PMID: 6046558]
146 Sone H, Takahashi A, Yamada N "Ibuprofen-related hypoglycemia in a patient receiving sulfonylurea." Ann Intern Med 134 (2001): 344. [PMID: 11182854]
147 Storlien LH, Thorburn AW, Smythe GA, Jenkins AB, Chisholm DJ, Kraegen EW "Effect of d-fenfluramine on basal glucose turnover and fat-feeding-induced insulin resistance in rats." Diabetes 38 (1989): 499-503. [PMID: 2647557]
148 Strathman I, Schubert EN, Cohen A, Nitzberg DM "Hypoglycemia in patients receiving disopyramide phosphate." Drug Intell Clin Pharm 17 (1983): 635-8. [PMID: 6413187]
149 Tannenbaum H, Anderson LG, Soeldner JS "Phenylbutazone-tolbutamide drug interaction." N Engl J Med 290 (1974): 344. [PMID: 4809290]
150 Tran PO, Gleason CE, Robertson RP "Inhibition of interleukin-1beta-induced COX-2 and EP3 gene expression by sodium salicylate enhances pancreatic islet beta-cell function." Diabetes 51 (2002): 1772-8. [PMID: 12031964]
151 Tremaine LM, Wilner KD, Preskorn SH "A study of the potential effect of sertraline on the pharmacokinetics and protein binding of tolbutamide." Clin Pharmacokinet 32(Suppl 1) (1997): 31-36. [PMID: 9068933]
152 Turtle JR, Burgess JA "Hypoglycemic action of fenfluramine in diabetes mellitus." Diabetes 22 (1973): 858-67. [PMID: 4749404]
153 Verdy M, Charbonneau L, Verdy I, Belanger R, Bolte E, Chiasson JL "Fenfluramine in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetics: hypoglycemic versus anorectic effect." Int J Obes 7 (1983): 289-97. [PMID: 6629637]
154 Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Koo VY, et al "American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L) reduces postprandial glycemia in nondiabetic subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus." Arch Intern Med 160 (2000): 1009-13. [PMID: 10761967]
155 Vuksan V, Stavro MP, Sievenpiper JL, et al "Similar postprandial glycemic reductions with escalation of dose and administration time of American ginseng in type 2 diabetes." Diabetes Care 23 (2000): 1221-6. [PMID: 10977009]
156 Whitcroft IA, Thomas JM, Rawsthorne A, et al "Effects of alpha and beta adrenoceptor blocking drugs and ACE inhibitors on long term glucose and lipid control in hypertensive non-insulin dependent diabetics." Horm Metab Res Suppl 22 (1990): 42-6. [PMID: 1975246]
157 Wiederholt IC, Genco M, Foley JM "Recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia induced by propoxyphene." Neurology 17 (1967): 703-6. [PMID: 6067489]
158 Wing LM, Miners JO "Cotrimoxazole as an inhibitor of oxidative drug metabolism: effects of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole separately and combined on tolbutamide disposition." Br J Clin Pharmacol 20 (1985): 482-5. [PMID: 3878154]
159 World Health Organization "WHO Public Assessment Reports (WHOPARs).".
160 Wu B, Sato T, Kiyosue T, Arita M "Blockade of 2,4-dinitrophenol induced ATP sensitive potassium current in guinea pig ventricular myocytes by class I antiarrhythmic drugs." Cardiovasc Res 26 (1992): 1095-101. [PMID: 1291087]
161 Ben Salem C, Fathallah N, Hmouda H, Bouraoui K "Drug-induced hypoglycaemia: an update." Drug Saf 34 (2011): 21-45. [PMID: 20942513]
162 Product Information. Afrezza (insulin inhalation, rapid acting). MannKind Corporation, Valencia, CA.
163 Product Information. Humalog (insulin lispro). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
164 Product Information. Humulin 70/30 (insulin isophane-insulin regular). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
165 Product Information. Ryzodeg 70/30 FlexTouch (insulin aspart-insulin degludec). Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals Inc, Princeton, NJ.
166 Product Information. Tresiba FlexTouch (insulin degludec). Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals Inc, Princeton, NJ.
167 Vuorinen-Markkola H, Yki-Jarvinen H "Antihypertensive therapy with enalapril improves glucose storage and insulin sensitivity in hypertensive patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." Metabolism 44 (1995): 85-9. [PMID: 7854171]
168 Product Information. Avonex (interferon beta-1a). Biogen, Cambridge, MA.
169 Product Information. Betaseron (interferon beta-1b). Berlex, Richmond, CA.
170 Product Information. Plegridy (peginterferon beta-1a). Biogen Idec Inc, Cambridge, MA.
171 Product Information. Rebif (interferon beta-1a). Serono Laboratories Inc, Norwell, MA.
172 Multum Information Services, Inc. Expert Review Panel.
173 Product Information. Metvixia (methyl aminolevulinate topical). Galderma Laboratories Inc, Cranbury, NJ.
174 Product Information. Colazal (balsalazide) Salix Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA.
175 Product Information. Sirturo (bedaquiline). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
176 Product Information. Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
177 Product Information. Epidiolex (cannabidiol). Greenwich Biosciences Inc, Carlsbad, CA.
178 Product Information. Celebrex (celecoxib). Searle, Chicago, IL.
179 Product Information. Clolar (clofarabine). sanofi-aventis, Bridgewater, NJ.
180 Product Information. Arthrotec (diclofenac-misoprostol). Searle, Skokie, IL.
181 Elsharkawy AM, Schwab U, McCarron B, et al. "Efavirenz induced acute liver failure requiring liver transplantation in a slow drug metaboliser." J Clin Virol 58 (2013): 331-3. [PMID: 23763943]
182 Product Information. Sustiva (efavirenz). DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
183 Product Information. Ellence (epirubicin) Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
184 Back DJ, Breckenridge AM, Crawford FE, MacIver M, Orne ML, Rowe PH "Interindividual variation and drug interactions with hormonal steroid contraceptives." Drugs 21 (1981): 46-61. [PMID: 7009137]
185 Barnett ML "Inhibition of oral contraceptive effectiveness by concurrent antibiotic administration." J Periodontol 56 (1985): 18-20. [PMID: 3882930]
186 King VJ "OC failure rates and oral antibiotics." J Fam Pract 45 (1997): 104-5. [PMID: 9267366]
187 Product Information. Intelence (etravirine). Ortho Biotech Inc, Bridgewater, NJ.
188 Product Information. Cytovene (ganciclovir). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
189 Product Information. Valcyte (valganciclovir) Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
190 Product Information. Zydelig (idelalisib). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
191 Product Information. Indium Oxyquinoline In-111 (indium oxyquinoline In-111). GE Healthcare, Princeton, NJ.
192 Product Information. Rexulti (brexpiprazole). Otsuka American Pharmaceuticals Inc, Rockville, MD.
193 Warrington SJ, Ankier SI, Turner P "Evaluation of possible interactions between ethanol and trazodone or amitriptyline." Neuropsychobiology 15 (1986): 31-7. [PMID: 3725002]
194 Product Information. Sodium Iodide I-123 (sodium iodide I-123). GE Healthcare, Princeton, NJ.
195 Product Information. Zurampic (lesinurad). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
196 Product Information. Zokinvy (lonafarnib). Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA.
197 Bannwarth B, Pehourcq F, Schaeverbeke T, Dehais J "Clinical pharmacokinetics of low-dose pulse methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis." Clin Pharmacokinet 30 (1996): 194-210. [PMID: 8882301]
198 Beach BJ, Woods WG, Howell SB "Influence of co-trimoxazole on methotrexate pharmacokinetics in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia." Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 3 (1981): 115-9. [PMID: 6975580]
199 Ferrazzini G, Klein J, Sulh H, Chung D, Griesbrecht E, Koren G "Interaction between trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and methotrexate in children with leukemia." J Pediatr 117 (1990): 823-6. [PMID: 2231218]
200 Frain JB "Methotrexate toxicity in a patient receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole." J Rheumatol 14 (1987): 176-7. [PMID: 3494846]
201 Govert JA, Patton S, Fine RL "Pancytopenia from using trimethoprim and methotrexate." Ann Intern Med 117 (1992): 877-8. [PMID: 1416570]
202 Jeurissen ME, Boerbooms AM, van de Putte LB "Pancytopenia and methotrexate with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole." Ann Intern Med 111 (1989): 261. [PMID: 2787612]
203 Liegler DG, Henderson ES, Hahn MA, Oliverio VT "The effect of organic acids on renal clearance of methotrexate in man." Clin Pharmacol Ther 10 (1969): 849-57. [PMID: 5349626]
204 Ng HW, Macfarlane AW, Graham RM, Verbov JL "Near fatal drug interactions with methotrexate given for psoriasis." Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 295 (1987): 752-3. [PMID: 3119023]
205 Product Information. Bactrim (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
206 Product Information. Rheumatrex (methotrexate). Lederle Laboratories, Wayne, NJ.
207 Product Information. Sulfadiazine (sulfadiazine). Eon Labs Manufacturing Inc, Laurelton, NY.
208 Thomas DR, Dover JS, Camp RD "Pancytopenia induced by the interaction between methotrexate and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole." J Am Acad Dermatol 17 (1987): 1055-6. [PMID: 3501437]
209 Thomas MH, Gutterman LA "Methotrexate toxicity in a patient receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole." J Rheumatol 13 (1986): 440-1. [PMID: 3487652]
210 Verbov JL "Methotrexate and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole." Clin Exp Dermatol 16 (1991): 231. [PMID: 1934583]
211 Product Information. Oxsoralen (methoxsalen). ICN Pharmaceuticals Inc, Costa Mesa, CA.
212 Product Information. Uvadex (methoxsalen). Therakos Inc, Exton, PA.
213 Karonen T, Filppula A, Laitila J, Niemi M, Neuvonen PJ, Backman JT "Gemfibrozil Markedly Increases the Plasma Concentrations of Montelukast: A Previously Unrecognized Role for CYP2C8 in the Metabolism of Montelukast." Clin Pharmacol Ther (2010):. [PMID: 20592724]
214 Product Information. Singulair (montelukast). Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
215 Product Information. CellCept (mycophenolate mofetil). Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
216 Product Information. Myfortic (mycophenolic acid). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
217 Product Information. ReVia (naltrexone). DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
218 Product Information. Prepopik (citric acid/Mg oxide/Na picosulfate). Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY.
219 MHRA. Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Agency (general site Reference).
220 Product Information. Clenpiq (citric acid/Mg oxide/Na picosulfate). Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY.
221 Blakely KM, Drucker AM, Rosen CF "Drug-induced photosensitivity-an update: Culprit drugs, prevention and management." Drug Saf 42 (2019): 827-47. [PMID: 30888626]
222 Product Information. Photofrin (porfimer). Sanofi Winthrop Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
223 Product Information. Xofigo (radium Ra 223 dichloride). Bayer Pharmaceutical Inc, West Haven, CT.
224 European Medicines Agency "Summary on compassionate use. Remdesivir Gilead.".
225 Gilead Sciences, Inc "About Remdesivir.".
226 US Food and Drug Administration "Fact sheet for health care providers emergency use authorization (EUA) of remdesivir (GS-5734TM)".
227 Product Information. Yondelis (trabectedin). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
228 Product Information. Levitra (vardenafil). Bayer, West Haven, CT.
229 Product Information. Qelbree (viloxazine). Supernus Pharmaceuticals Inc, Rockville, MD.
230 Product Information. Visudyne (verteporfin) Valeant Pharmaceuticals, Costa Mesa, CA.
231 Product Information. Aubagio (teriflunomide). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
232 Product Information. Tabloid (thioguanine). Prasco Laboratories, Cincinnati, OH.
233 Miners JO, Rees DLP, Valente L, Veronese ME, Birkett DJ "Human hepatic cytochrome p450 2c9 catalyzes the rate-limiting pathway of torsemide metabolism." J Pharmacol Exp Ther 272 (1995): 1076-81. [PMID: 7891318]
234 Product Information. Demedex (torsemide). Boehringer Mannheim, Gaithersburg, MD.
235 Vormfelde SV, Engelhardt S, Zirk A, et al. "CYP2C9 polymorphisms and the interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the loop diuretic drug torsemide." Clin Pharmacol Ther 76 (2004): 557-66. [PMID: 15592327]