Details of Drug

Drug General Information (ID: D1364)
Drug Name	Pyrazinamide
Drug Type	Small molecule
Drug Synonymous	Aldinamid; Aldinamide; Braccopiral; Corsazinmid; Dipimide; Eprazin; Farmizina; Isopas; Lynamide; Novamid; Pezetamid; Pharozinamide; Piraldina; Pirazimida; Pirazinamid; Pirazinamida; Pirazinamide; Prazina; Pyrafat; Pyramide; Pyrazide; Pyrazinamdie; Pyrazinamidum; Pyrazineamide; Pyrazinecarboxamide; Rozide; Tebrazid; Tebrazio; Tisamid; Unipyranamide; Zinamide; Zinastat; P ezetamid; Pirazinamide [DCIT]; Pyrazine carboxamide; Pyrazine carboxylamide; Pyrazinecarboxylic acid amide; Pyrazinoic acid am ide; Pyrazinoic acid amide; DRG 0124; MK 56; P 7136; Pyrazinamide BP 2000; T 165; AZT + Pyrazinamide combination; D-50; Pirazinamida [INN-Spanish]; Pms-Pyrazinamide; Pyrazinamide (TN); Pyrazinamidum [INN-Latin]; D-50 (VAN); Pyrazinamide [INN:BAN:JAN]; Pyrazine-2-carboxamide; Pyrazinamide (JP15/USP/INN); Pyrazinoic acid amide, Pezetamid, Pyrafat, Zinamide, Tebrazid, Pyrafat, Pyrazinamide; 2-Carbamylpyrazine; 2-carbamyl pyrazine Click to Show/Hide
Disease Class	1B10-1B21: Mycobacterium infection
Therapeutic Class	Antitubercular Agents
Structure
Structure	3D Structure		2D Structure
Formula	C5H5N3O
InChI	1S/C5H5N3O/c6-5(9)4-3-7-1-2-8-4/h1-3H,(H2,6,9)
InChIKey	IPEHBUMCGVEMRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Canonical SMILES	C1=CN=C(C=N1)C(=O)N
External Link
	Pubchem ID	1046
	CAS Number	98-96-4
	CHEBI ID	45285
	TTD ID	D0XF8W
	INTEDE ID	DR1372

Drug-Drug Interaction Network
Sunburst Graph		Legend Information AM003 Affected organization distribution AM006 Pharmacodynamic additive effects AM007 Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects BM014 Interference of cell/tissue uptake BM055 Increased risk of hepatotoxicity BM075 Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions BM099 Antagonize the effect of uricosuric agents BM100 Antagonize the effect of vaccine/toxoid BM107 Attenuated pharmacological effects (Unspecific)
Relation Graph

Full list of drugs interacting with Pyrazinamide
Affected organization distribution
	Interference of cell/tissue uptake					Drug Num: 1
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D1817		Indium In-111 oxyquinoline	C27H18InN3O3	16685037	Moderate		Inter Info	[38]
Pharmacodynamic additive effects
	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity					Drug Num: 24
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0900		Leflunomide	C12H9F3N2O2	3899	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0944		Lomitapide	C39H37F6N3O2	9853053	Major		Inter Info	[4]
D1073		Mipomersen	C230H324N67O122P19S19	118984467	Major		Inter Info	[5]
D1258		Pexidartinib	C20H15ClF3N5	25151352	Major		Inter Info	[6]
D1400		Rifampicin	C43H58N4O12	135398735	Major		Inter Info	[7], [8], [9]
D1556		Teriflunomide	C12H9F3N2O2	54684141	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3]
D0114		Asparaginase Escherichia coli	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[14], [15], [16], [17], [10], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25]
D0826		Interferon beta-1a	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[26], [27], [28], [29]
D0827		Interferon beta-1b	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[26], [27], [28], [29]
D1234		Pegaspargase	C14H19NO	436058	Moderate		Inter Info	[14], [15], [16], [17], [10], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25]
D0113		Asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[14], [15], [16], [17], [10], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25]
D0149		Bedaquiline	C32H31BrN2O2	5388906	Moderate		Inter Info	[30]
D0199		Brentuximab vedotin	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[31]
D0232		Calaspargase pegol	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[14], [15], [16], [17], [10], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25]
D0248		Cannabidiol	C21H30O2	644019	Moderate		Inter Info	[10], [32]
D0357		Clofarabine	C10H11ClFN5O3	119182	Moderate		Inter Info	[33]
D0554		Efavirenz	C14H9ClF3NO2	64139	Moderate		Inter Info	[34], [35]
D0584		Epirubicin	C27H29NO11	41867	Moderate		Inter Info	[17], [10], [36]
D0789		Idelalisib	C22H18FN7O	11625818	Moderate		Inter Info	[37]
D1025		Methotrexate	C20H22N8O5	126941	Moderate		Inter Info	[10], [39]
D1106		Naltrexone	C20H23NO4	5360515	Moderate		Inter Info	[40]
D1389		Remdesivir	C27H35N6O8P	121304016	Moderate		Inter Info	[17], [10], [47], [48], [49]
D1589		Tioguanine	C5H5N5S	2723601	Moderate		Inter Info	[50], [51]
D1615		Trabectedin	C39H43N3O11S	108150	Moderate		Inter Info	[10], [52]
	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions					Drug Num: 1
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D1314		Porfimer sodium	C68H74N8O11	135577896	Moderate		Inter Info	[44], [10], [45]
Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
	Antagonize the effect of uricosuric agents					Drug Num: 2
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D1341		Probenecid	C13H19NO4S	4911	Moderate		Inter Info	[46], [10]
D1518		Sulfinpyrazone	C23H20N2O3S	5342	Moderate		Inter Info	[46], [10]
	Antagonize the effect of vaccine/toxoid					Drug Num: 2
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D1914		Typhoid vaccine (live)	NA	NA	Major		Inter Info	[10], [11], [12]
D1693		Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR strain live antigen (live)	NA	NA	Major		Inter Info	[13]
	Attenuated pharmacological effects (Unspecific)					Drug Num: 1
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D1287		Picosulfuric acid	C18H15NO8S2	5243	Moderate		Inter Info	[41], [42], [43]

References
1	Canadian Pharmacists Association.
2	EMEA "EMEA public statement on leflunomide (ARAVA) - severe and serious hepatic reactions.".
3	Product Information. Arava (leflunomide). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
4	Product Information. Juxtapid (lomitapide). Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
5	Product Information. Kynamro (mipomersen). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
6	Product Information. Turalio (pexidartinib). Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Parsippany, NJ.
7	Kunimoto D, Warman A, Beckon A, Doering D, Melenka L "Severe hepatotoxicity associated with rifampin-pyrazinamide preventative therapy requiring transplantation in an individual at low risk for hepatotoxicity." Clin Infect Dis 36 (2003): E158-61. [PMID: 12802781]
8	Update: Fatal and severe liver injuries associated with rifampin and pyrazinamide treatment for latent tuberculosis infection. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 51 (2002): 998-9. [PMID: 12455909]
9	CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Update: Adverse event data and revised American Thoracic Society/CDC recommendations against the use of rifampin and pyrazinamide for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection--United States, 2003." MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 52 (2003): 735-9. [PMID: 12904741]
10	Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
11	UK government "Typhoid.".
12	American Medical Association, Division of Drugs and Toxicology "Drug evaluations annual 1994." Chicago, IL: American Medical Association (1994).
13	Product Information. Vaxchora (cholera vaccine, live). PaxVax, Miami, FL.
14	Al-Nawakil C, Willems L, Mauprivez C, et.al "Successful treatment of l-asparaginase-induced severe acute hepatotoxicity using mitochondrial cofactors." Leuk Lymphoma 55 (2014): 1670-4. [PMID: 24090500]
15	Bodmer M, Sulz M, Stadlmann S, Droll A, Terracciano L, Krahenbuhl S "Fatal liver failure in an adult patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia following treatment with L-asparaginase." Digestion 74 (2006): epub. [PMID: 16988508]
16	Cerner Multum, Inc "ANVISA Bulario Eletrnico.".
17	Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
18	Christ TN, Stock W, Knoebel RW "Incidence of asparaginase-related hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, and thrombotic events in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with a pediatric-inspired regimen." J Oncol Pharm Pract 24 (2018): 299-308. [PMID: 28355969]
19	Jenkins R, Perlin E "Severe hepatotoxicity from Escherichia coli L-asparaginase." J Natl Med Assoc 79 (1987): 775-9. [PMID: 3305969]
20	Lu G, Karur V, Herrington JD, Walker MG "Successful treatment of pegaspargase-induced acute hepatotoxicity with vitamin B complex and L-carnitine" Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 29 (2016): 46-7. [PMID: 26722167]
21	Product Information. Asparlas (calaspargase pegol). Servier, Boston, MA.
22	Product Information. Elspar (asparaginase). Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
23	Product Information. Erwinaze (asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi). EUSA Pharma, Newtown, PA.
24	Product Information. Oncaspar (pegaspargase). Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA.
25	Burke PW, Aldoss I, Lunning MA, et.al "High-grade PEGylated asparaginase-related hepatotoxicity occurrence in a pediatric-inspired adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia regimen does not necessarily predict recurrent hepatotoxicity in subsequent cycles." Blood 122 (2013): 2671. [PMID: 29407583]
26	Product Information. Avonex (interferon beta-1a). Biogen, Cambridge, MA.
27	Product Information. Betaseron (interferon beta-1b). Berlex, Richmond, CA.
28	Product Information. Plegridy (peginterferon beta-1a). Biogen Idec Inc, Cambridge, MA.
29	Product Information. Rebif (interferon beta-1a). Serono Laboratories Inc, Norwell, MA.
30	Product Information. Sirturo (bedaquiline). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
31	Product Information. Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
32	Product Information. Epidiolex (cannabidiol). Greenwich Biosciences Inc, Carlsbad, CA.
33	Product Information. Clolar (clofarabine). sanofi-aventis, Bridgewater, NJ.
34	Elsharkawy AM, Schwab U, McCarron B, et al. "Efavirenz induced acute liver failure requiring liver transplantation in a slow drug metaboliser." J Clin Virol 58 (2013): 331-3. [PMID: 23763943]
35	Product Information. Sustiva (efavirenz). DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
36	Product Information. Ellence (epirubicin) Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
37	Product Information. Zydelig (idelalisib). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
38	Product Information. Indium Oxyquinoline In-111 (indium oxyquinoline In-111). GE Healthcare, Princeton, NJ.
39	Product Information. Methotrexate (methotrexate). Lederle Laboratories, Wayne, NJ.
40	Product Information. ReVia (naltrexone). DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
41	Product Information. Prepopik (citric acid/Mg oxide/Na picosulfate). Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY.
42	MHRA. Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Agency (general site Reference).
43	Product Information. Clenpiq (citric acid/Mg oxide/Na picosulfate). Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY.
44	Blakely KM, Drucker AM, Rosen CF "Drug-induced photosensitivity-an update: Culprit drugs, prevention and management." Drug Saf 42 (2019): 827-47. [PMID: 30888626]
45	Product Information. Photofrin (porfimer). Sanofi Winthrop Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
46	Agencia Espaola de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios Healthcare "Centro de informacion online de medicamentos de la AEMPS - CIMA.".
47	European Medicines Agency "Summary on compassionate use. Remdesivir Gilead.".
48	Gilead Sciences, Inc "About Remdesivir.".
49	US Food and Drug Administration "Fact sheet for health care providers emergency use authorization (EUA) of remdesivir (GS-5734TM)".
50	Product Information. Aubagio (teriflunomide). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
51	Product Information. Tabloid (thioguanine). Prasco Laboratories, Cincinnati, OH.
52	Product Information. Yondelis (trabectedin). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.

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