Drug General Information (ID: D1224)
  Drug Name
Paraldehyde
  Drug Type Small molecule
  Drug Synonymous
UNII-S6M3YBG8QA; S6M3YBG8QA
    Click to Show/Hide
  Disease Class 7A00-7A0Z: Insomnia
  Therapeutic Class Cns Depressants
  Structure Could Not Find 2D Structure
3D Structure 2D Structure
  Formula C6H12O3
  InChI 1S/C6H12O3/c1-4-7-5(2)9-6(3)8-4/h4-6H,1-3H3
  InChIKey SQYNKIJPMDEDEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  Canonical SMILES CC1OC(OC(O1)C)C
  External Link
Pubchem ID 31264
CAS Number 123-63-7
CHEBI ID 27909
TTD ID D0P9EA

Drug-Drug Interaction Network
  Sunburst Graph
AM004  Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
AM006  Pharmacodynamic additive effects
AM007  Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
BM017  CYP450 enzyme inhibition
BM018  Non-CYP450 enzyme inhibition
BM022  CYP450 enzyme induction
BM036  Additive cardiorespiratory depression effects
BM038  Additive CNS depression effects
BM042  Additive hypotensive effects
BM087  Antagonize the effect of antiepileptic agents
BM089  Antagonize the effect of antihypertensive agents
  Relation Graph
 Full list of drugs interacting with Paraldehyde
      Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
   Non-CYP450 enzyme inhibition Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0509
 
Disulfiram
 
C10H20N2S4
 
3117 
Major    Inter Info   
[21], [22], [23], [24]
   CYP450 enzyme induction Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1711
 
Warfarin
 
C19H16O4
 
54678486 
Minor    Inter Info   
[65]
      Pharmacodynamic additive effects
   Additive cardiorespiratory depression effects Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1356
 
Propofol
 
C12H18O
 
4943 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[57], [58], [59], [60], [61], [62]
   Additive CNS depression effects Drug Num:  192
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0035
 
Alfentanil
 
C21H32N6O3
 
51263 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0219
 
Buprenorphine
 
C29H41NO4
 
644073 
Major    Inter Info   
[2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [1], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16]
D0226
 
Butorphanol
 
C21H29NO2
 
5361092 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0379
 
Codeine
 
C18H21NO3
 
5284371 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0467
 
Dextropropoxyphene
 
C22H29NO2
 
10100 
Major    Inter Info   
[17], [18], [19]
D0493
 
Dihydrocodeine
 
C18H23NO3
 
5284543 
Major    Inter Info   
[20]
D0646
 
Fentanyl
 
C22H28N2O
 
3345 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0772
 
Hydrocodone
 
C18H21NO3
 
5284569 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0776
 
Hydromorphone
 
C17H19NO3
 
5284570 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0923
 
Levorphanol
 
C17H23NO
 
5359272 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D1001
 
Meperidine
 
C15H21NO2
 
4058 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D1017
 
Methadone
 
C21H27NO
 
4095 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D1089
 
Morphine
 
C17H19NO3
 
5288826 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D1100
 
Nalbuphine
 
C21H27NO4
 
5311304 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D1203
 
Oxycodone
 
C18H21NO4
 
5284603 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D1208
 
Oxymorphone
 
C17H19NO4
 
5284604 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0161
 
Benzhydrocodone
 
C25H25NO4
 
49836084 
Major    Inter Info   
[20]
D1169
 
Oliceridine
 
C22H30N2O2S
 
66553195 
Major    Inter Info   
[20]
D1247
 
Pentazocine
 
C19H27NO
 
441278 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D1390
 
Remifentanil
 
C20H28N2O5
 
60815 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D1485
 
Sodium oxybate
 
C4H7NaO3
 
23663870 
Major    Inter Info   
[25], [26]
D1512
 
Sufentanil
 
C22H30N2O2S
 
41693 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D1535
 
Tapentadol
 
C14H23NO
 
9838022 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D1616
 
Tramadol
 
C16H25NO2
 
33741 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0030
 
Aldesleukin
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[30], [31], [22]
D0045
 
Alprazolam
 
C17H13ClN4
 
2118 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0068
 
Amitriptyline
 
C20H23N
 
2160 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0071
 
Amobarbital
 
C11H18N2O3
 
2164 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0072
 
Amoxapine
 
C17H16ClN3O
 
2170 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0097
 
Apomorphine
 
C17H17NO2
 
6005 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[35], [36]
D0098
 
Apraclonidine
 
C9H10Cl2N4
 
2216 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[37], [22], [38]
D0105
 
Aripiprazole
 
C23H27Cl2N3O2
 
60795 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0143
 
Baclofen
 
C10H12ClNO2
 
2284 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0160
 
Benzatropine
 
C21H25NO
 
1201549 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0183
 
Biperiden
 
C21H29NO
 
2381 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0205
 
Brimonidine (ophthalmic)
 
C11H10BrN5
 
2435 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[37], [22], [38]
D0206
 
Brimonidine (topical)
 
C11H10BrN5
 
2435 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[37], [22], [38]
D0208
 
Brivaracetam
 
C11H20N2O2
 
9837243 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0212
 
Bromocriptine
 
C32H40BrN5O5
 
31101 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0214
 
Brompheniramine
 
C16H19BrN2
 
6834 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0222
 
Buspirone
 
C21H31N5O2
 
2477 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0224
 
Butabarbital
 
C10H16N2O3
 
2479 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0225
 
Butalbital
 
C11H16N2O3
 
2481 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0248
 
Cannabidiol
 
C21H30O2
 
644019 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0255
 
Carbamazepine
 
C15H12N2O
 
2554 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0259
 
Carbinoxamine
 
C16H19ClN2O
 
2564 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0262
 
Cariprazine
 
C21H32Cl2N4O
 
11154555 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0263
 
Carisoprodol
 
C12H24N2O4
 
2576 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0300
 
Cenobamate
 
C10H10ClN5O2
 
11962412 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0305
 
Cetirizine
 
C21H25ClN2O3
 
2678 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[42], [43]
D0317
 
Chlordiazepoxide
 
C16H14ClN3O
 
2712 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0323
 
Chlorpheniramine
 
C16H19ClN2
 
2725 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0324
 
Chlorpromazine
 
C17H19ClN2S
 
2726 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0327
 
Chlorzoxazone
 
C7H4ClNO2
 
2733 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0345
 
Citalopram
 
C20H21FN2O
 
2771 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0351
 
Clemastine
 
C21H26ClNO
 
26987 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0356
 
Clobazam
 
C16H13ClN2O2
 
2789 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0361
 
Clomipramine
 
C19H23ClN2
 
2801 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0362
 
Clonazepam
 
C15H10ClN3O3
 
2802 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0365
 
Clorazepic acid
 
C16H11ClN2O3
 
2809 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0370
 
Clozapine
 
C18H19ClN4
 
135398737 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0398
 
Cyclobenzaprine
 
C20H21N
 
2895 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0403
 
Cyproheptadine
 
C21H21N
 
2913 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0417
 
Dantrolene
 
C14H10N4O5
 
6914273 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0446
 
Desipramine
 
C18H22N2
 
2995 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0451
 
Desvenlafaxine
 
C16H25NO2
 
125017 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0456
 
Dexbrompheniramine
 
C16H19BrN2
 
16960 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0459
 
Dexmedetomidine
 
C13H16N2
 
5311068 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0466
 
Dextromethorphan
 
C18H25NO
 
5360696 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0473
 
Diazepam
 
C16H13ClN2O
 
3016 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0475
 
Dichloralphenazone
 
C15H18Cl6N2O5
 
10188 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0502
 
Diphenhydramine
 
C17H21NO
 
3100 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0525
 
Doxepin
 
C19H21NO
 
667477 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0526
 
Doxepin (topical)
 
C19H21NO
 
667477 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0532
 
Doxylamine
 
C17H22N2O
 
3162 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0533
 
Dronabinol
 
C21H30O2
 
16078 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0535
 
Droperidol
 
C22H22FN3O2
 
3168 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0539
 
Duloxetine
 
C18H19NOS
 
60835 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0575
 
Entacapone
 
C14H15N3O5
 
5281081 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0599
 
Escitalopram
 
C20H21FN2O
 
146570 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0612
 
Eszopiclone
 
C17H17ClN6O3
 
969472 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0617
 
Ethanol
 
C2H6O
 
702 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[44], [39], [45], [22], [46]
D0620
 
Ethosuximide
 
C7H11NO2
 
3291 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0621
 
Ethotoin
 
C11H12N2O2
 
3292 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0632
 
Ezogabine
 
C16H18FN3O2
 
121892 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0639
 
Felbamate
 
C11H14N2O4
 
3331 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0662
 
Flavoxate
 
C24H25NO4
 
3354 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0665
 
Flibanserin
 
C20H21F3N4O
 
6918248 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[47]
D0676
 
Fluoxetine
 
C17H18F3NO
 
3386 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0678
 
Fluphenazine
 
C22H26F3N3OS
 
3372 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0687
 
Fluvoxamine
 
C15H21F3N2O2
 
5324346 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0697
 
Fosphenytoin
 
C16H15N2O6P
 
56339 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0705
 
Gabapentin
 
C9H17NO2
 
3446 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0750
 
Haloperidol
 
C21H23ClFNO2
 
3559 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0781
 
Hydroxyzine
 
C21H27ClN2O2
 
3658 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0790
 
Ifosfamide
 
C7H15Cl2N2O2P
 
3690 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51], [44], [52]
D0791
 
Iloperidone
 
C24H27FN2O4
 
71360 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0853
 
Isocarboxazid
 
C12H13N3O2
 
3759 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0878
 
Kava
 
C14H16O3
 
5281052 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0879
 
Ketamine
 
C13H16ClNO
 
3821 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0890
 
Lamotrigine
 
C9H7Cl2N5
 
3878 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0912
 
Levetiracetam
 
C8H14N2O2
 
5284583 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0917
 
Levocetirizine
 
C21H25ClN2O3
 
1549000 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[42], [43]
D0951
 
Lorazepam
 
C15H10Cl2N2O2
 
3958 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0957
 
Loxapine
 
C18H18ClN3O
 
3964 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0959
 
Lumateperone
 
C24H28FN3O
 
21302490 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0961
 
Lurasidone
 
C28H36N4O2S
 
213046 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0979
 
Maprotiline
 
C20H23N
 
4011 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1003
 
Mephenytoin
 
C12H14N2O2
 
4060 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1005
 
Meprobamate
 
C9H18N2O4
 
4064 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1006
 
Mepyramine
 
C17H23N3O
 
4992 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1010
 
Mesoridazine
 
C21H26N2OS2
 
4078 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1014
 
Metaxalone
 
C12H15NO3
 
15459 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1023
 
Methocarbamol
 
C11H15NO5
 
4107 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1032
 
Methsuximide
 
C12H13NO2
 
6476 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1040
 
Methylphenobarbital
 
C13H14N2O3
 
8271 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1046
 
Metoclopramide
 
C14H22ClN3O2
 
4168 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1053
 
Metyrosine
 
C10H13NO3
 
441350 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1060
 
Midazolam
 
C18H13ClFN3
 
4192 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1075
 
Mirtazapine
 
C17H19N3
 
4205 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1084
 
Molindone
 
C16H24N2O2
 
23897 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1096
 
Nabilone
 
C24H36O3
 
5284592 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1117
 
Nefazodone
 
C25H32ClN5O2
 
4449 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1158
 
Nortriptyline
 
C19H21N
 
4543 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1166
 
Olanzapine
 
C17H20N4S
 
135398745 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1172
 
Olopatadine (nasal)
 
C21H23NO3
 
5281071 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[44], [53], [46]
D1188
 
Orphenadrine
 
C18H23NO
 
4601 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1197
 
Oxazepam
 
C15H11ClN2O2
 
4616 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1198
 
Oxcarbazepine
 
C15H12N2O2
 
34312 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1215
 
Paliperidone
 
C23H27FN4O3
 
115237 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0201
 
Brexanolone
 
C21H34O2
 
92786 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[54]
D0202
 
Brexpiprazole
 
C25H27N3O2S
 
11978813 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0452
 
Deutetrabenazine
 
C19H27NO3
 
73437646 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0600
 
Esketamine
 
C13H16ClNO
 
182137 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[21], [55]
D0601
 
Eslicarbazepine
 
C15H14N2O2
 
9881504 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0897
 
Lasmiditan
 
C19H18F3N3O2
 
11610526 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[56]
D0901
 
Lemborexant
 
C22H20F2N4O2
 
56944144 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D0940
 
Lithium carbonate
 
CLi2O3
 
11125 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1182
 
Opicapone
 
C15H10Cl2N4O6
 
135565903 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1183
 
Opium
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1282
 
Phenyltoloxamine
 
C17H21NO
 
7077 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1391
 
Remimazolam
 
C21H19BrN4O2
 
9867812 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1505
 
Stiripentol
 
C14H18O3
 
5311454 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1673
 
Valbenazine
 
C24H38N2O4
 
24795069 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1675
 
Valerian
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1229
 
Paroxetine
 
C19H20FNO3
 
43815 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1253
 
Perampanel
 
C23H15N3O
 
9924495 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1255
 
Pergolide
 
C19H26N2S
 
47811 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1263
 
Phenelzine
 
C8H12N2
 
3675 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1265
 
Phenobarbital
 
C12H12N2O3
 
4763 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1283
 
Phenytoin
 
C15H12N2O2
 
1775 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1292
 
Pimozide
 
C28H29F2N3O
 
16362 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1325
 
Pramipexole
 
C10H17N3S
 
119570 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1335
 
Pregabalin
 
C8H17NO2
 
5486971 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1340
 
Primidone
 
C12H14N2O2
 
4909 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1346
 
Prochlorperazine
 
C20H24ClN3S
 
4917 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1347
 
Procyclidine
 
C19H29NO
 
4919 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1352
 
Promethazine
 
C17H20N2S
 
4927 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1361
 
Protriptyline
 
C19H21N
 
4976 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1368
 
Quetiapine
 
C21H25N3O2S
 
5002 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1378
 
Ramelteon
 
C16H21NO2
 
208902 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1385
 
Rasagiline
 
C12H13N
 
3052776 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1413
 
Risperidone
 
C23H27FN4O2
 
5073 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1427
 
Ropinirole
 
C16H24N2O
 
5095 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1431
 
Rotigotine
 
C19H25NOS
 
59227 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1433
 
Rufinamide
 
C10H8F2N4O
 
129228 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1453
 
Secobarbital
 
C12H18N2O3
 
5193 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1461
 
Sertraline
 
C17H17Cl2N
 
68617 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1464
 
Sibutramine
 
C17H26ClN
 
5210 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1502
 
St. John's Wort
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1524
 
Suvorexant
 
C23H23ClN6O2
 
24965990 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1536
 
Tasimelteon
 
C15H19NO2
 
10220503 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1560
 
Tetrabenazine
 
C19H27NO3
 
6018 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1569
 
Thalidomide
 
C13H10N2O4
 
5426 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[44], [46], [63]
D1576
 
Thiothixene
 
C23H29N3O2S2
 
941651 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1578
 
Tiagabine
 
C20H25NO2S2
 
60648 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1596
 
Tizanidine
 
C9H8ClN5S
 
5487 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[64]
D1604
 
Tolcapone
 
C14H11NO5
 
4659569 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1609
 
Topiramate
 
C12H21NO8S
 
5284627 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1620
 
Tranylcypromine
 
C9H11N
 
19493 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1624
 
Trazodone
 
C19H22ClN5O
 
5533 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1637
 
Trifluoperazine
 
C21H24F3N3S
 
5566 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1641
 
Trihexyphenidyl
 
C20H31NO
 
5572 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1644
 
Trimethobenzamide
 
C21H28N2O5
 
5577 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1647
 
Trimipramine
 
C20H26N2
 
5584 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1650
 
Triprolidine
 
C19H22N2
 
5282443 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1677
 
Valproic acid
 
C8H16O2
 
3121 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1689
 
Venlafaxine
 
C17H27NO2
 
5656 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1694
 
Vigabatrin
 
C6H11NO2
 
5665 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1719
 
Ziconotide
 
C102H172N36O32S7
 
16135415 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1726
 
Ziprasidone
 
C21H21ClN4OS
 
60854 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
D1730
 
Zonisamide
 
C8H8N2O3S
 
5734 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32], [33], [34]
   Additive hypotensive effects Drug Num:  70
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0010
 
Acebutolol
 
C18H28N2O4
 
1978 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0036
 
Alfuzosin
 
C19H27N5O4
 
2092 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0058
 
Amiloride
 
C6H8ClN7O
 
16231 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0083
 
Amyl Nitrite
 
C5H11NO2
 
10026 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0117
 
Atenolol
 
C14H22N2O3
 
2249 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0138
 
Azilsartan medoxomil
 
C30H24N4O8
 
135409642 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0156
 
Benazepril
 
C24H28N2O5
 
5362124 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0173
 
Betaxolol
 
C18H29NO3
 
2369 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0188
 
Bisoprolol
 
C18H31NO4
 
2405 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0217
 
Bumetanide
 
C17H20N2O5S
 
2471 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0254
 
Captopril
 
C9H15NO3S
 
44093 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0267
 
Carvedilol
 
C24H26N2O4
 
2585 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0321
 
Chlorothiazide
 
C7H6ClN3O4S2
 
2720 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0326
 
Chlorthalidone
 
C14H11ClN2O4S
 
2732 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0352
 
Clevidipine
 
C21H23Cl2NO6
 
153994 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0363
 
Clonidine
 
C9H9Cl2N3
 
2803 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0474
 
Diazoxide
 
C8H7ClN2O2S
 
3019 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0497
 
Diltiazem
 
C22H26N2O4S
 
39186 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0524
 
Doxazosin
 
C23H25N5O5
 
3157 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0567
 
Enalapril
 
C20H28N2O5
 
5388962 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0585
 
Eplerenone
 
C24H30O6
 
443872 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0587
 
Eprosartan
 
C23H24N2O4S
 
5281037 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0602
 
Esmolol
 
C16H25NO4
 
59768 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0613
 
Etacrynic acid
 
C13H12Cl2O4
 
3278 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0644
 
Fenoldopam
 
C16H16ClNO3
 
3341 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0695
 
Fosinopril
 
C30H46NO7P
 
55891 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0704
 
Furosemide
 
C12H11ClN2O5S
 
3440 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0742
 
Guanabenz
 
C8H8Cl2N4
 
5702063 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0745
 
Guanfacine
 
C9H9Cl2N3O
 
3519 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0770
 
Hydralazine
 
C8H8N4
 
3637 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0771
 
Hydrochlorothiazide
 
C7H8ClN3O4S2
 
3639 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0775
 
Hydroflumethiazide
 
C8H8F3N3O4S2
 
3647 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0798
 
Indapamide
 
C16H16ClN3O3S
 
3702 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0844
 
Irbesartan
 
C25H28N6O
 
3749 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0861
 
Isosorbide dinitrate
 
C6H8N2O8
 
6883 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0862
 
Isosorbide mononitrate
 
C6H9NO6
 
27661 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0884
 
Labetalol
 
C19H24N2O3
 
3869 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0938
 
Lisinopril
 
C21H31N3O5
 
5362119 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0942
 
Lofexidine
 
C11H12Cl2N2O
 
30668 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0954
 
Losartan
 
C22H23ClN6O
 
3961 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1048
 
Metolazone
 
C16H16ClN3O3S
 
4170 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1072
 
Minoxidil
 
C9H15N5O
 
4201 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1082
 
Moexipril
 
C27H34N2O7
 
91270 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1098
 
Nadolol
 
C17H27NO4
 
39147 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1114
 
Nebivolol
 
C22H25F2NO4
 
71301 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1138
 
Nimodipine
 
C21H26N2O7
 
4497 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1146
 
Nitroglycerin
 
C3H5N3O9
 
4510 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1147
 
Nitroprusside
 
C5FeN6O
 
11953891 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1170
 
Olmesartan
 
C24H26N6O3
 
158781 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D0911
 
Levamlodipine
 
C20H25ClN2O5
 
9822750 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1256
 
Perindopril
 
C19H32N2O5
 
107807 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1267
 
Phenoxybenzamine
 
C18H22ClNO
 
4768 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1271
 
Phentolamine
 
C17H19N3O
 
5775 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1293
 
Pindolol
 
C14H20N2O2
 
4828 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1311
 
Polythiazide
 
C11H13ClF3N3O4S3
 
4870 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1331
 
Prazosin
 
C19H21N5O4
 
4893 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1357
 
Propranolol
 
C16H21NO2
 
4946 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1369
 
Quinapril
 
C25H30N2O5
 
54892 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1379
 
Ramipril
 
C23H32N2O5
 
5362129 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1393
 
Reserpine
 
C33H40N2O9
 
5770 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1466
 
Silodosin
 
C25H32F3N3O4
 
5312125 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1498
 
Sotalol
 
C12H20N2O3S
 
5253 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1501
 
Spironolactone
 
C24H32O4S
 
5833 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1534
 
Tamsulosin
 
C20H28N2O5S
 
129211 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1545
 
Telmisartan
 
C33H30N4O2
 
65999 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1552
 
Terazosin
 
C19H25N5O4
 
5401 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1585
 
Timolol
 
C13H24N4O3S
 
33624 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1611
 
Torasemide
 
C16H20N4O3S
 
41781 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1618
 
Trandolapril
 
C24H34N2O5
 
5484727 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
D1631
 
Triamterene
 
C12H11N7
 
5546 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[27], [28], [29]
      Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
   Antagonize the effect of antiepileptic agents Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0220
 
Bupropion
 
C13H18ClNO
 
444 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[39], [40], [41]
   Antagonize the effect of antihypertensive agents Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0722
 
Ginkgo biloba
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[48], [49], [50]
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