Drug General Information (ID: D0966)
  Drug Name
Macitentan
  Drug Type Small molecule
  Drug Synonymous
Macitentan; 441798-33-0; Opsumit; ACT-064992; ACT 064992; UNII-Z9K9Y9WMVL; ACT064992; Z9K9Y9WMVL; N-[5-(4-Bromophenyl)-6-[2-[(5-bromo-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]ethoxy]-4-pyrimidinyl]-N'-propylsulfamide; N-(5-(4-Bromophenyl)-6-(2-((5-bromo-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy)ethoxy)-4-pyrimidinyl)-N'-propylsulfamide; CHEBI:76607; Actelion-1; Macitentan [USAN:INN]; macitentanum; zlchem 5; Opsumit (TN); Macitentan (JAN/USAN); (non-labelled)Macitentan-d7; MLS006011174; C19H20Br2N6O4S; SCHEMBL1445625; GTPL7352; CHEMBL2103873; ZLA0005; EX-A544; DTXSID50196063
    Click to Show/Hide
  Disease Class BA00-BE2Z: Cardiovascular disease
  Therapeutic Class Agents For Pulmonary Hypertension
  Structure Could Not Find 2D Structure
3D Structure 2D Structure
  Formula C19H20Br2N6O4S
  InChI 1S/C19H20Br2N6O4S/c1-2-7-26-32(28,29)27-17-16(13-3-5-14(20)6-4-13)18(25-12-24-17)30-8-9-31-19-22-10-15(21)11-23-19/h3-6,10-12,26H,2,7-9H2,1H3,(H,24,25,27)
  InChIKey JGCMEBMXRHSZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  Canonical SMILES CCCNS(=O)(=O)NC1=C(C(=NC=N1)OCCOC2=NC=C(C=N2)Br)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Br
  External Link
Pubchem ID 16004692
CAS Number 441798-33-0
CHEBI ID 76607
TTD ID D0S7JH
INTEDE ID DR0998

Drug-Drug Interaction Network
  Sunburst Graph
AM004  Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
AM006  Pharmacodynamic additive effects
BM017  CYP450 enzyme inhibition
BM022  CYP450 enzyme induction
BM042  Additive hypotensive effects
BM055  Increased risk of hepatotoxicity
  Relation Graph
 Full list of drugs interacting with Macitentan
      Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
   CYP450 enzyme inhibition Drug Num:  71
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0080
 
Amprenavir
 
C25H35N3O6S
 
65016 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0192
 
Boceprevir
 
C27H45N5O5
 
10324367 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0349
 
Clarithromycin
 
C38H69NO13
 
84029 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0386
 
Conivaptan
 
C32H26N4O2
 
151171 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0439
 
Delavirdine
 
C22H28N6O3S
 
5625 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0597
 
Erythromycin
 
C37H67NO13
 
12560 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0692
 
Fosamprenavir
 
C25H36N3O9PS
 
131536 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0799
 
Indinavir
 
C36H47N5O4
 
5362440 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0867
 
Itraconazole
 
C35H38Cl2N8O4
 
55283 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0880
 
Ketoconazole
 
C26H28Cl2N4O4
 
456201 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0946
 
Lonafarnib
 
C27H31Br2ClN4O2
 
148195 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0302
 
Ceritinib
 
C28H36ClN5O3S
 
57379345 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0375
 
Cobicistat
 
C40H53N7O5S2
 
25151504 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0789
 
Idelalisib
 
C22H18FN7O
 
11625818 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D1653
 
Troleandomycin
 
C41H67NO15
 
202225 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D1660
 
Tucatinib
 
C26H24N8O2
 
51039094 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D1117
 
Nefazodone
 
C25H32ClN5O2
 
4449 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D1315
 
Posaconazole
 
C37H42F2N8O4
 
468595 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D1444
 
Saquinavir
 
C38H50N6O5
 
441243 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D1541
 
Telaprevir
 
C36H53N7O6
 
3010818 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D1544
 
Telithromycin
 
C43H65N5O10
 
3002190 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D1706
 
Voriconazole
 
C16H14F3N5O
 
71616 
Major    Inter Info   
[1]
D0066
 
Amiodarone
 
C25H29I2NO3
 
2157 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0313
 
Chloramphenicol
 
C11H12Cl2N2O5
 
5959 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0337
 
Cimetidine
 
C10H16N6S
 
2756 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0341
 
Ciprofloxacin
 
C17H18FN3O3
 
2764 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0367
 
Clotrimazole
 
C22H17ClN2
 
2812 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0393
 
Crizotinib
 
C21H22Cl2FN5O
 
11626560 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0413
 
Dalfopristin
 
C34H50N4O9S
 
6323289 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0416
 
Danazol
 
C22H27NO2
 
28417 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0426
 
Darunavir
 
C27H37N3O7S
 
213039 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0428
 
Dasatinib
 
C22H26ClN7O2S
 
3062316 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0497
 
Diltiazem
 
C22H26N2O4S
 
39186 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0534
 
Dronedarone
 
C31H44N2O5S
 
208898 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0667
 
Fluconazole
 
C13H12F2N6O
 
3365 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0687
 
Fluvoxamine
 
C15H21F3N2O2
 
5324346 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0693
 
Fosaprepitant
 
C23H22F7N4O6P
 
135413538 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0740
 
Grepafloxacin
 
C19H22FN3O3
 
72474 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0793
 
Imatinib
 
C29H31N7O
 
5291 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0852
 
Isavuconazonium
 
C35H35F2N8O5S+
 
6918606 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0858
 
Isoniazid
 
C6H7N3O
 
3767 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0869
 
Ivacaftor
 
C24H28N2O3
 
16220172 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0894
 
Lapatinib
 
C29H26ClFN4O4S
 
208908 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0002
 
Abametapir (topical)
 
C12H12N2
 
15664 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[32]
D0171
 
Berotralstat
 
C30H26F4N6O
 
137528262 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0543
 
Duvelisib
 
C22H17ClN6O
 
50905713 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0638
 
Fedratinib
 
C27H36N6O3S
 
16722836 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0696
 
Fosnetupitant
 
C31H35F6N4O5P
 
71544786 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0699
 
Fostamatinib
 
C23H26FN6O9P
 
11671467 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[35]
D0735
 
Goldenseal
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0896
 
Larotrectinib
 
C21H22F2N6O2
 
46188928 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0899
 
Lefamulin
 
C28H45NO5S
 
25185057 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36]
D0901
 
Lemborexant
 
C22H20F2N4O2
 
56944144 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0906
 
Letermovir
 
C29H28F4N4O4
 
45138674 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D1127
 
Netupitant
 
C30H32F6N4O
 
6451149 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D1214
 
Palbociclib
 
C24H29N7O2
 
5330286 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D1398
 
Ribociclib
 
C23H30N8O
 
44631912 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D1432
 
Rucaparib
 
C19H18FN3O
 
9931954 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D1459
 
Selpercatinib
 
C29H31N7O3
 
134436906 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D1505
 
Stiripentol
 
C14H18O3
 
5311454 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D1524
 
Suvorexant
 
C23H23ClN6O2
 
24965990 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D1709
 
Voxelotor
 
C19H19N3O3
 
71602803 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D1057
 
Miconazole
 
C18H14Cl4N2O
 
4189 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D1063
 
Mifepristone
 
C29H35NO2
 
55245 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D1134
 
Nifedipine
 
C17H18N2O6
 
4485 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D1136
 
Nilotinib
 
C28H22F3N7O
 
644241 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D1232
 
Pazopanib
 
C21H23N7O2S
 
10113978 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D1383
 
Ranolazine
 
C24H33N3O4
 
56959 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D1579
 
Ticagrelor
 
C23H28F2N6O4S
 
9871419 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D1690
 
Verapamil
 
C27H38N2O4
 
2520 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[1]
D0402
 
Cyclosporine
 
C62H111N11O12
 
5284373 
Minor    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
   CYP450 enzyme induction Drug Num:  50
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0255
 
Carbamazepine
 
C15H12N2O
 
2554 
Major    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0578
 
Enzalutamide
 
C21H16F4N4O2S
 
15951529 
Major    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0697
 
Fosphenytoin
 
C16H15N2O6P
 
56339 
Major    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0095
 
Apalutamide
 
C21H15F4N5O2S
 
24872560 
Major    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0958
 
Lumacaftor
 
C24H18F2N2O5
 
16678941 
Major    Inter Info   
[2], [7], [1]
D1078
 
Mitotane
 
C14H10Cl4
 
4211 
Major    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1265
 
Phenobarbital
 
C12H12N2O3
 
4763 
Major    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1283
 
Phenytoin
 
C15H12N2O2
 
1775 
Major    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1340
 
Primidone
 
C12H14N2O2
 
4909 
Major    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1399
 
Rifabutin
 
C46H62N4O11
 
135398743 
Major    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1400
 
Rifampicin
 
C43H58N4O12
 
135398735 
Major    Inter Info   
[2], [7], [1]
D1401
 
Rifapentine
 
C47H64N4O12
 
135403821 
Major    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1502
 
St. John's Wort
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0061
 
Aminoglutethimide
 
C13H16N2O2
 
2145 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0071
 
Amobarbital
 
C11H18N2O3
 
2164 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0178
 
Bexarotene
 
C24H28O2
 
82146 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0194
 
Bosentan
 
C27H29N5O6S
 
104865 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0224
 
Butabarbital
 
C10H16N2O3
 
2479 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0225
 
Butalbital
 
C11H16N2O3
 
2481 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0300
 
Cenobamate
 
C10H10ClN5O2
 
11962412 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0432
 
Deferasirox
 
C21H15N3O4
 
214348 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0453
 
Dexamethasone
 
C22H29FO5
 
5743 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0554
 
Efavirenz
 
C14H9ClF3NO2
 
64139 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0628
 
Etravirine
 
C20H15BrN6O
 
193962 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0639
 
Felbamate
 
C11H14N2O4
 
3331 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0741
 
Griseofulvin
 
C17H17ClO6
 
441140 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0545
 
Echinacea
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[13], [34]
D0555
 
Elagolix
 
C32H30F5N3O5
 
11250647 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0601
 
Eslicarbazepine
 
C15H14N2O2
 
9881504 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0872
 
Ivosidenib
 
C28H22ClF3N6O3
 
71657455 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0953
 
Lorlatinib
 
C21H19FN6O2
 
71731823 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1302
 
Pitolisant
 
C17H26ClNO
 
9948102 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [37]
D1493
 
Somapacitan
 
C54H95N13O20S2
 
129894493 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1495
 
Somatrem
 
C43H72N14O14
 
5487805 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1538
 
Tazemetostat
 
C34H44N4O4
 
66558664 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1546
 
Telotristat ethyl
 
C27H26ClF3N6O3
 
25181577 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [41]
D1040
 
Methylphenobarbital
 
C13H14N2O3
 
8271 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1099
 
Nafcillin
 
C21H22N2O5S
 
8982 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1128
 
Nevirapine
 
C15H14N4O
 
4463 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1198
 
Oxcarbazepine
 
C15H12N2O2
 
34312 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1248
 
Pentobarbital
 
C11H18N2O3
 
4737 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1274
 
Phenylbutazone
 
C19H20N2O2
 
4781 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1433
 
Rufinamide
 
C10H8F2N4O
 
129228 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1453
 
Secobarbital
 
C12H18N2O3
 
5193 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1494
 
Somatotropin
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1518
 
Sulfinpyrazone
 
C23H20N2O3S
 
5342 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1652
 
Troglitazone
 
C24H27NO5S
 
5591 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D1687
 
Vemurafenib
 
C23H18ClF2N3O3S
 
42611257 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[2], [1]
D0106
 
Armodafinil
 
C15H15NO2S
 
9690109 
Minor    Inter Info   
[47], [48], [49], [50], [51]
D1081
 
Modafinil
 
C15H15NO2S
 
4236 
Minor    Inter Info   
[47], [48], [49], [50], [51]
      Pharmacodynamic additive effects
   Additive hypotensive effects Drug Num:  1
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0942
 
Lofexidine
 
C11H12Cl2N2O
 
30668 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [30], [31]
   Increased risk of hepatotoxicity Drug Num:  21
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0900
 
Leflunomide
 
C12H9F3N2O2
 
3899 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [4], [5]
D0944
 
Lomitapide
 
C39H37F6N3O2
 
9853053 
Major    Inter Info   
[6]
D1258
 
Pexidartinib
 
C20H15ClF3N5
 
25151352 
Major    Inter Info   
[8]
D1073
 
Mipomersen
 
C230H324N67O122P19S19
 
118984467 
Major    Inter Info   
[9]
D1556
 
Teriflunomide
 
C12H9F3N2O2
 
54684141 
Major    Inter Info   
[3], [4], [5]
D0113
 
Asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]
D0114
 
Asparaginase Escherichia coli
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]
D0149
 
Bedaquiline
 
C32H31BrN2O2
 
5388906 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23]
D0199
 
Brentuximab vedotin
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[24]
D0357
 
Clofarabine
 
C10H11ClFN5O3
 
119182 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[25]
D0826
 
Interferon beta-1a
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [27], [28], [29]
D0827
 
Interferon beta-1b
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [27], [28], [29]
D0232
 
Calaspargase pegol
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]
D0248
 
Cannabidiol
 
C21H30O2
 
644019 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [33]
D1239
 
Peginterferon beta-1a
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[26], [27], [28], [29]
D1389
 
Remdesivir
 
C27H35N6O8P
 
121304016 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[13], [14], [38], [39], [40]
D1025
 
Methotrexate
 
C20H22N8O5
 
126941 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [42]
D1106
 
Naltrexone
 
C20H23NO4
 
5360515 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43]
D1234
 
Pegaspargase
 
C14H19NO
 
436058 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]
D1589
 
Tioguanine
 
C5H5N5S
 
2723601 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[44], [45]
D1615
 
Trabectedin
 
C39H43N3O11S
 
108150 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [46]
References
1 Product Information. Opsumit (macitentan). Actelion Pharmaceuticals US Inc, South San Francisco, CA.
2 Bruderer S, Aanismaa P, Homery MC, et al. "Effect of cyclosporine and rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of macitentan, a tissue-targeting dual endothelin receptor antagonist." AAPS J 14 (2012): 68-78. [PMID: 22189899]
3 Canadian Pharmacists Association.
4 EMEA "EMEA public statement on leflunomide (ARAVA) - severe and serious hepatic reactions.".
5 Product Information. Arava (leflunomide). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
6 Product Information. Juxtapid (lomitapide). Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
7 Patel S, Robinson R, Burk M "Hypertensive crisis associated with St. John's Wort." Am J Med 112 (2002): 507-8. [PMID: 11959071]
8 Product Information. Turalio (pexidartinib). Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Parsippany, NJ.
9 Product Information. Kynamro (mipomersen). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
10 Al-Nawakil C, Willems L, Mauprivez C, et.al "Successful treatment of l-asparaginase-induced severe acute hepatotoxicity using mitochondrial cofactors." Leuk Lymphoma 55 (2014): 1670-4. [PMID: 24090500]
11 Bodmer M, Sulz M, Stadlmann S, Droll A, Terracciano L, Krahenbuhl S "Fatal liver failure in an adult patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia following treatment with L-asparaginase." Digestion 74 (2006): epub. [PMID: 16988508]
12 Cerner Multum, Inc "ANVISA Bulario Eletrnico.".
13 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
14 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
15 Christ TN, Stock W, Knoebel RW "Incidence of asparaginase-related hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, and thrombotic events in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with a pediatric-inspired regimen." J Oncol Pharm Pract 24 (2018): 299-308. [PMID: 28355969]
16 Jenkins R, Perlin E "Severe hepatotoxicity from Escherichia coli L-asparaginase." J Natl Med Assoc 79 (1987): 775-9. [PMID: 3305969]
17 Lu G, Karur V, Herrington JD, Walker MG "Successful treatment of pegaspargase-induced acute hepatotoxicity with vitamin B complex and L-carnitine" Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 29 (2016): 46-7. [PMID: 26722167]
18 Product Information. Asparlas (calaspargase pegol). Servier, Boston, MA.
19 Product Information. Elspar (asparaginase). Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
20 Product Information. Erwinaze (asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi). EUSA Pharma, Newtown, PA.
21 Product Information. Oncaspar (pegaspargase). Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA.
22 Burke PW, Aldoss I, Lunning MA, et.al "High-grade PEGylated asparaginase-related hepatotoxicity occurrence in a pediatric-inspired adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia regimen does not necessarily predict recurrent hepatotoxicity in subsequent cycles." Blood 122 (2013): 2671. [PMID: 29407583]
23 Product Information. Sirturo (bedaquiline). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
24 Product Information. Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
25 Product Information. Clolar (clofarabine). sanofi-aventis, Bridgewater, NJ.
26 Product Information. Avonex (interferon beta-1a). Biogen, Cambridge, MA.
27 Product Information. Betaseron (interferon beta-1b). Berlex, Richmond, CA.
28 Product Information. Plegridy (peginterferon beta-1a). Biogen Idec Inc, Cambridge, MA.
29 Product Information. Rebif (interferon beta-1a). Serono Laboratories Inc, Norwell, MA.
30 Product Information. Lucemyra (lofexidine). US WorldMeds LLC, Louisville , KY.
31 Warrington SJ, Ankier SI, Turner P "Evaluation of possible interactions between ethanol and trazodone or amitriptyline." Neuropsychobiology 15 (1986): 31-7. [PMID: 3725002]
32 Product Information. Xeglyze (abametapir topical). Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
33 Product Information. Epidiolex (cannabidiol). Greenwich Biosciences Inc, Carlsbad, CA.
34 Gorski JC, Huang SM, Pinto A, et al. "The effect of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome P450 activity in vivo." Clin Pharmacol Ther 75 (2004): 89-100. [PMID: 14749695]
35 Product Information. Tavalisse (fostamatinib). Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA.
36 Product Information. Xenleta (lefamulin). Nabriva Therapeutics US, Inc., King of Prussia, PA.
37 Product Information. Wakix (pitolisant). Harmony Biosciences, LLC, Plymouth Meeting, PA.
38 European Medicines Agency "Summary on compassionate use. Remdesivir Gilead.".
39 Gilead Sciences, Inc "About Remdesivir.".
40 US Food and Drug Administration "Fact sheet for health care providers emergency use authorization (EUA) of remdesivir (GS-5734TM)".
41 Product Information. Xermelo (telotristat ethyl). Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., The Woodlands, TX.
42 Product Information. Methotrexate (methotrexate). Lederle Laboratories, Wayne, NJ.
43 Product Information. ReVia (naltrexone). DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
44 Product Information. Aubagio (teriflunomide). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
45 Product Information. Tabloid (thioguanine). Prasco Laboratories, Cincinnati, OH.
46 Product Information. Yondelis (trabectedin). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
47 Doherty MM, Charman WN "The mucosa of the small intestine: how clinically relevant as an organ of drug metabolism?" Clin Pharmacokinet 41 (2002): 235-53. [PMID: 11978143]
48 Product Information. Nuvigil (armodafinil). Cephalon Inc, West Chester, PA.
49 Product Information. Provigil (modafinil). Cephalon, Inc, West Chester, PA.
50 Robertson P Jr, Hellriegel ET, Arora S, Nelson M "Effect of modafinil on the pharmacokinetics of ethinyl estradiol and triazolam in healthy volunteers." Clin Pharmacol Ther 71 (2002): 46-56. [PMID: 11823757]
51 Robertson P, Decory HH, Madan A, Parkinson A "In vitro inhibition and induction of human hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes by modafinil." Drug Metab Dispos 28 (2000): 664-71. [PMID: 10820139]