Details of Drug

Drug General Information (ID: D0910)
Drug Name	Levamisole
Drug Type	Small molecule
Drug Synonymous	Ketrax; LEVOMYSOL; Lepuron; Levamisol; Levamisolum; Levotetramisole; Tetramisol; Wormicid; Levamisole Base;Nilverm base; P00039; Vermisol 150; Dl-Tetramisol; Dl-Tetramisole; Ergamisol (TN); Ketrax (TN); L-Tetramisole; Levamisol [INN-Spanish]; Levamisole (INN); Levamisole [INN:BAN]; Levamisolum [INN-Latin]; TCMDC-125847; L(-)-Levamisole; L-2,3,5,6-Tetrahyro-6-phenylimidazo(2,1-b)thiazole; (-)-Tetramisole; (6S)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole; (S)-(-)-Levamisole Click to Show/Hide
Disease Class	1D0Y-1G2Z: Parasitic infection; 2B90: Colon cancer
Therapeutic Class	Antineoplastics
Structure
Structure	3D Structure		2D Structure
Formula	C11H12N2S
InChI	1S/C11H12N2S/c1-2-4-9(5-3-1)10-8-13-6-7-14-11(13)12-10/h1-5,10H,6-8H2/t10-/m1/s1
InChIKey	HLFSDGLLUJUHTE-SNVBAGLBSA-N
Canonical SMILES	C1CSC2=NC(CN21)C3=CC=CC=C3
External Link
	Pubchem ID	26879
	CAS Number	14769-73-4
	CHEBI ID	6432
	TTD ID	D0CF2Q
	INTEDE ID	DR2400

Drug-Drug Interaction Network
Sunburst Graph		Legend Information AM006 Pharmacodynamic additive effects AM007 Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects BM043 Additive immunosuppressive effects BM044 Additive myelosuppressive effects BM100 Antagonize the effect of vaccine/toxoid BM105 Antagonize the effect of probiotics BM106 Diminish the response to diagnostic skin test antigens BM107 Attenuated pharmacological effects (Unspecific)
Relation Graph

Full list of drugs interacting with Levamisole
Pharmacodynamic additive effects
	Additive immunosuppressive effects					Drug Num: 36
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0023		Adalimumab	NA	NA	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]
D0348		Cladribine	C10H12ClN5O3	20279	Major		Inter Info	[7], [8]
D0614		Etanercept	NA	NA	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]
D0802		Infliximab	NA	NA	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]
D0146		Baricitinib	C16H17N7O2S	44205240	Major		Inter Info	[11], [7], [12]
D0304		Certolizumab pegol	NA	NA	Major		Inter Info	[1], [5], [6]
D0661		Fingolimod	C19H33NO2	107970	Major		Inter Info	[15]
D0736		Golimumab	NA	NA	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]
D0900		Leflunomide	C12H9F3N2O2	3899	Major		Inter Info	[16], [17]
D1211		Ozanimod	C23H24N4O3	52938427	Major		Inter Info	[7], [21]
D1474		Siponimod	C29H35F3N2O3	44599207	Major		Inter Info	[11], [22]
D1556		Teriflunomide	C12H9F3N2O2	54684141	Major		Inter Info	[16], [17]
D1600		Tofacitinib	C16H20N6O	9926791	Major		Inter Info	[24]
D1666		Upadacitinib	C17H19F3N6O	58557659	Major		Inter Info	[25]
D1111		Natalizumab	NA	NA	Major		Inter Info	[26]
D0032		Alefacept	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[27], [28], [29]
D0033		Alemtuzumab	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[30]
D0085		Anakinra	C20H23N5O7S2	146171046	Moderate		Inter Info	[31], [32], [33]
D0313		Chloramphenicol	C11H12Cl2N2O5	5959	Moderate		Inter Info	[11], [7], [34]
D0314		Chloramphenicol (ophthalmic)	C11H12Cl2N2O5	5959	Moderate		Inter Info	[11], [7], [34]
D0136		Azathioprine	C9H7N7O2S	2265	Moderate		Inter Info	[11], [7]
D0246		Canakinumab	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[31], [32], [33]
D0443		Denosumab	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[40]
D0499		Dimethyl fumarate	C6H8O4	637568	Moderate		Inter Info	[41]
D0507		Diroximel fumarate	C11H13NO6	73330464	Moderate		Inter Info	[41]
D1085		Monomethyl fumarate	C5H6O4	5369209	Moderate		Inter Info	[41]
D1162		Ocrelizumab	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[47]
D1167		Olaparib	C24H23FN4O3	23725625	Moderate		Inter Info	[7], [48]
D1174		Omacetaxine mepesuccinate	C29H39NO9	285033	Moderate		Inter Info	[49]
D1403		Rilonacept	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[31], [32], [33]
D1422		Roflumilast	C17H14Cl2F2N2O3	449193	Moderate		Inter Info	[7], [50]
D1509		Strontium chloride Sr-89	Cl2Sr	5388879	Moderate		Inter Info	[11], [7], [51]
D1610		Topotecan	C23H23N3O5	60700	Moderate		Inter Info	[52]
D1671		Ustekinumab	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[56]
D1855		Palifermin	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[57]
D1720		Zidovudine	C10H13N5O4	35370	Moderate		Inter Info	[11], [7], [60]
	Additive myelosuppressive effects					Drug Num: 4
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0370		Clozapine	C18H19ClN4	135398737	Major		Inter Info	[7], [9], [10]
D0433		Deferiprone	C7H9NO2	2972	Major		Inter Info	[11], [13], [14]
D0710		Ganciclovir	C9H13N5O4	135398740	Moderate		Inter Info	[11], [7], [42], [43]
D1676		Valganciclovir	C14H22N6O5	135413535	Moderate		Inter Info	[11], [7], [42], [43]
Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
	Antagonize the effect of vaccine/toxoid					Drug Num: 14
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D1839		Measles virus vaccine live attenuated	NA	NA	Major		Inter Info	[18], [19], [20]
D1881		Rotavirus vaccine	NA	NA	Major		Inter Info	[18], [19], [20]
D1897		Talimogene laherparepvec	NA	NA	Major		Inter Info	[23]
D1914		Typhoid vaccine (live)	NA	NA	Major		Inter Info	[18], [19], [20]
D1920		Varicella Zoster Vaccine (Recombinant)	NA	NA	Major		Inter Info	[18], [19], [20]
D1922		Yellow Fever Vaccine	NA	NA	Major		Inter Info	[18], [19], [20]
D0089		Anthrax vaccine	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[27], [38], [39]
D0366		Clostridium tetani toxoid antigen (formaldehyde inactivated)	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[27], [38], [39]
D0756		Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[27], [38], [39]
D0767		Human papillomavirus type 11 L1 capsid protein antigen	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[27], [38], [39]
D0803		Influenza A virus A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like antigen (propiolactone inactivated)	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[27], [38], [39]
D0804		Influenza A virus A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (H5N1) antigen (formaldehyde inactivated)	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[27], [38], [39]
D0999		Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine group C	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[27], [38], [39]
D1307		Poliovirus type 1 antigen (formaldehyde inactivated)	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[27], [38], [39]
	Antagonize the effect of probiotics					Drug Num: 1
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D1827		Lactobacillus acidophilus	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[44], [45], [46]
	Diminish the response to diagnostic skin test antigens					Drug Num: 2
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D1912		Trichophyton mentagrophytes	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[53], [54], [55]
D1913		Tuberculin purified protein derivative	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[53], [54], [55]
	Attenuated pharmacological effects (Unspecific)					Drug Num: 3
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0659		Filgrastim	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[35], [36], [37]
D1235		Pegfilgrastim	C27H46N4O19	70683024	Moderate		Inter Info	[58], [59]
D1446		Sargramostim	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[35], [36], [37]

References
1	Product Information. Cimzia (certolizumab). UCB Pharma Inc, Smyrna, GA.
2	Product Information. Enbrel (etanercept). Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
3	Product Information. Humira (adalimumab). Abbott Pharmaceutical, Abbott Park, IL.
4	Product Information. Remicade (infliximab). Centocor Inc, Malvern, PA.
5	Product Information. Simponi (golimumab). Centocor Inc, Malvern, PA.
6	FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration "FDA Drug Safety Communication: Drug labels for the Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFa) blockers now include warnings about infection with Legionella and Listeria bacteria. ".
7	Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
8	Product Information. Leustatin (cladribine). Ortho Biotech Inc, Raritan, NJ.
9	Product Information. Clozaril (clozapine). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
10	Canadian Pharmacists Association "e-CPS."
11	Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
12	Product Information. Olumiant (baricitinib). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
13	Product Information. Ferriprox (deferiprone). ApoPharma USA Inc, Rockville, MD.
14	EMEA. European Medicines Agency "EPARs. European Union Public Assessment Reports."
15	Product Information. Gilenya (fingolimod). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
16	Product Information. Arava (leflunomide). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
17	Product Information. Aubagio (teriflunomide). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
18	Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Wilson JD, Martin JB, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, eds. "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 14th ed." New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Health Professionals Division (1998).
19	Product Information. Attenuvax (measles virus vaccine, live, attenuated). Merck &amp Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
20	Product Information. YF-Vax (yellow fever vaccine). sanofi pasteur, Swiftwater, PA.
21	Product Information. Zeposia (ozanimod). Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ.
22	Product Information. Mayzent (siponimod). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
23	Product Information. Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec). Amgen USA, Thousand Oaks, CA.
24	Product Information. Xeljanz (tofacitinib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
25	Product Information. Rinvoq (upadacitinib). AbbVie US LLC, North Chicago, IL.
26	Product Information. Tysabri (natalizumab). Elan Pharmaceutical/Athena Neurosciences Inc, South San Francisco, CA.
27	CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/ "Recommendations of the advisory committtee on immunization practices (ACIP): use of vaccines and immune globulins in persons with altered immunocompetence." MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 42(RR-04) (1993): 1-18. [PMID: 20300058]
28	Product Information. Amevive (alefacept). Biogen, Cambridge, MA.
29	Product Information. Lonsurf (tipiracil-trifluridine). Taiho Oncology, Inc., Princeton, NJ.
30	Product Information. Campath (alemtuzumab) Berlex, Richmond, CA.
31	Product Information. Arcalyst (rilonacept). Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY.
32	Product Information. Ilaris (canakinumab). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
33	Product Information. Kineret (anakinra). Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA.
34	Sim SM, Back DJ, Breckenridge AM "The effect of various drugs on the glucuronidation of zidovudine (azidothymidine AZT) by human liver microsomes." Br J Clin Pharmacol 32 (1991): 17-21. [PMID: 1909542]
35	Product Information. Granix (tbo-filgrastim). Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, North Wales, PA.
36	Product Information. Leukine (sargramostim). Immunex Corporation, Seattle, WA.
37	Product Information. Stemgen (ancestim) Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA.
38	Product Information. Imovax Rabies (rabies vaccine). sanofi pasteur, Swiftwater, PA.
39	Department of Health. National Health Service "Immunisation Against Infectious Disease - "The Green Book". Chapter 6: Contraindications and special considerations.".
40	Product Information. Prolia (denosumab). Amgen USA, Thousand Oaks, CA.
41	Product Information. Vumerity (diroximel fumarate). Alkermes, Inc, Cambridge, MA.
42	Product Information. Cytovene (ganciclovir). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
43	Product Information. Valcyte (valganciclovir) Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
44	Borriello SP, Hammes WP, Holzapfel W, et.al "Safety of probiotics that contain lactobacilli or bifidobacteria." Clin Infect Dis 36 (2003): 775-80. [PMID: 12627362]
45	Schlegel L, Lemerle S, Geslin P "Lactobacillus species as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised patients." Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 17 (1998): 887-8. [PMID: 10052559]
46	Salminen MK, Tynkkynen S, Rautelin H, et al. "Lactobacillus bacteremia during a rapid increase in probiotic use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Finland." Clin Infect Dis 35 (2002): 1155-60. [PMID: 12410474]
47	Product Information. Ocrevus (ocrelizumab). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
48	Product Information. Lynparza (olaparib). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
49	Product Information. Synribo (omacetaxine). Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, North Wales, PA.
50	Product Information. Daxas (roflumilast). Nycomed Inc, Princeton, NJ.
51	Multum Information Services, Inc. Expert Review Panel.
52	Product Information. Hycamtin (topotecan). SmithKline Beecham, Philadelphia, PA.
53	Product Information. Tuberculin PPD (Mantoux) (tuberculin purified protein derivative). Connaught Laboratories Ltd, Toronto, ON.
54	Product Information. Candin (candida albicans extract). Nielsen Biosciences Inc, San Diego, CA.
55	Product Information. Spherulin (coccidioidin skin test). ALK Laboratories Inc, Wallingford, CT.
56	Product Information. Stelara (ustekinumab). Centocor Inc, Malvern, PA.
57	Product Information. Kepivance (palifermin). Shire US Inc, Florence, KY.
58	Product Information. Brukinsa (zanubrutinib). BeiGene USA, Inc, San Mateo, CA.
59	Product Information. Neulasta (pegfilgrastim). Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA.
60	Product Information. Retrovir (zidovudine). Glaxo Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC.

Details of Drug

Details of Drug

Cite MecDDI

About MecDDI

Correspondence