Details of Drug

Drug General Information (ID: D0133)
Drug Name	Axitinib
Drug Type	Small molecule
Drug Synonymous	AG 013736; AG013736; AG-013736; AG-13736; AG-013736, Axitinib; N-methyl-2-[[3-[(E)-2-pyridin-2-ylethenyl]-1H-indazol-6-yl]sulfanyl]benzamide; N-methyl-2-((3-((1E)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethenyl)-1H-indazol-6-yl)sulfanyl)benzamide; Axitinib (VEGFR inhibitor) Click to Show/Hide
Disease Class	2C90: Renal cell carcinoma
Therapeutic Class	Antineoplastics
Structure
Structure	3D Structure		2D Structure
Formula	C22H18N4OS
InChI	1S/C22H18N4OS/c1-23-22(27)18-7-2-3-8-21(18)28-16-10-11-17-19(25-26-20(17)14-16)12-9-15-6-4-5-13-24-15/h2-14H,1H3,(H,23,27)(H,25,26)/b12-9+
InChIKey	RITAVMQDGBJQJZ-FMIVXFBMSA-N
Canonical SMILES	CNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1SC2=CC3=C(C=C2)C(=NN3)C=CC4=CC=CC=N4
External Link
	Pubchem ID	6450551
	CAS Number	319460-85-0
	CHEBI ID	66910
	TTD ID	D01ZRI
	INTEDE ID	DR0162
	VARIDT ID	DR00035

Drug-Drug Interaction Network
Sunburst Graph		Legend Information AM001 Affected gastrointestinal absorption AM002 Affected cellular transport AM004 Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism AM006 Pharmacodynamic additive effects BM005 Altered gastric pH BM010 Transporter inhibition BM017 CYP450 enzyme inhibition BM019 UGT inhibition BM022 CYP450 enzyme induction BM047 Additive thrombogenic effects BM055 Increased risk of hepatotoxicity BM109 Increased risk of other adverse reactions (Unspecific)
Relation Graph

Full list of drugs interacting with Axitinib
Affected gastrointestinal absorption
	Altered gastric pH					Drug Num: 18
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0049		Aluminum hydroxide	AlH3O3	10176082	Minor		Inter Info	[3]
D0236		Calcium carbonate	CCaO3	10112	Minor		Inter Info	[3]
D0967		Magaldrate	AlHMgO5S+2	3086011	Minor		Inter Info	[3]
D0968		Magnesium carbonate	CMgO3	11029	Minor		Inter Info	[3]
D0973		Magnesium hydroxide	H2MgO2	14791	Minor		Inter Info	[3]
D1483		Sodium citrate	C6H5Na3O7	6224	Minor		Inter Info	[3]
D0337		Cimetidine	C10H16N6S	2756	Minor		Inter Info	[3]
D0458		Dexlansoprazole	C16H14F3N3O2S	9578005	Minor		Inter Info	[3]
D0603		Esomeprazole	C17H19N3O3S	9568614	Minor		Inter Info	[3]
D0636		Famotidine	C8H15N7O2S3	5702160	Minor		Inter Info	[3]
D0892		Lansoprazole	C16H14F3N3O2S	3883	Minor		Inter Info	[3]
D0974		Magnesium oxide	MgO	14792	Minor		Inter Info	[3]
D1151		Nizatidine	C12H21N5O2S2	3033637	Minor		Inter Info	[3]
D1179		Omeprazole	C17H19N3O3S	4594	Minor		Inter Info	[3]
D1222		Pantoprazole	C16H15F2N3O4S	4679	Minor		Inter Info	[3]
D1373		Rabeprazole	C18H21N3O3S	5029	Minor		Inter Info	[3]
D1381		Ranitidine	C13H22N4O3S	3001055	Minor		Inter Info	[3]
D1480		Sodium bicarbonate	CHNaO3	516892	Minor		Inter Info	[3]
Affected cellular transport
Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
	CYP450 enzyme inhibition					Drug Num: 74
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0080		Amprenavir	C25H35N3O6S	65016	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D0116		Atazanavir	C38H52N6O7	148192	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D0192		Boceprevir	C27H45N5O5	10324367	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D0302		Ceritinib	C28H36ClN5O3S	57379345	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D0375		Cobicistat	C40H53N7O5S2	25151504	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D0789		Idelalisib	C22H18FN7O	11625818	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D1660		Tucatinib	C26H24N8O2	51039094	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D0349		Clarithromycin	C38H69NO13	84029	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D0386		Conivaptan	C32H26N4O2	151171	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D0439		Delavirdine	C22H28N6O3S	5625	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D0692		Fosamprenavir	C25H36N3O9PS	131536	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D0799		Indinavir	C36H47N5O4	5362440	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D0867		Itraconazole	C35H38Cl2N8O4	55283	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D0880		Ketoconazole	C26H28Cl2N4O4	456201	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D0946		Lonafarnib	C27H31Br2ClN4O2	148195	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D1063		Mifepristone	C29H35NO2	55245	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D1117		Nefazodone	C25H32ClN5O2	4449	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D1119		Nelfinavir	C32H45N3O4S	64143	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D1315		Posaconazole	C37H42F2N8O4	468595	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D1415		Ritonavir	C37H48N6O5S2	392622	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D1444		Saquinavir	C38H50N6O5	441243	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D1541		Telaprevir	C36H53N7O6	3010818	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D1544		Telithromycin	C43H65N5O10	3002190	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D1706		Voriconazole	C16H14F3N5O	71616	Major		Inter Info	[1], [2], [3], [4]
D0066		Amiodarone	C25H29I2NO3	2157	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0069		Amlodipine	C20H25ClN2O5	2162	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0084		Anagrelide	C10H7Cl2N3O	135409400	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [27]
D0100		Aprepitant	C23H21F7N4O3	135413536	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [29]
D0002		Abametapir (topical)	C12H12N2	15664	Moderate		Inter Info	[41]
D0171		Berotralstat	C30H26F4N6O	137528262	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0393		Crizotinib	C21H22Cl2FN5O	11626560	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0543		Duvelisib	C22H17ClN6O	50905713	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0577		Entrectinib	C31H34F2N6O2	25141092	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0638		Fedratinib	C27H36N6O3S	16722836	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0693		Fosaprepitant	C23H22F7N4O6P	135413538	Moderate		Inter Info	[28], [29]
D0699		Fostamatinib	C23H26FN6O9P	11671467	Moderate		Inter Info	[46]
D0735		Goldenseal	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0852		Isavuconazonium	C35H35F2N8O5S+	6918606	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0869		Ivacaftor	C24H28N2O3	16220172	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0896		Larotrectinib	C21H22F2N6O2	46188928	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0899		Lefamulin	C28H45NO5S	25185057	Moderate		Inter Info	[47]
D0901		Lemborexant	C22H20F2N4O2	56944144	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0906		Letermovir	C29H28F4N4O4	45138674	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0911		Levamlodipine	C20H25ClN2O5	9822750	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D1127		Netupitant	C30H32F6N4O	6451149	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D1189		Osilodrostat	C13H10FN3	44139752	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D1398		Ribociclib	C23H30N8O	44631912	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D1432		Rucaparib	C19H18FN3O	9931954	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D1459		Selpercatinib	C29H31N7O3	134436906	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D1524		Suvorexant	C23H23ClN6O2	24965990	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D1579		Ticagrelor	C23H28F2N6O4S	9871419	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D1709		Voxelotor	C19H19N3O3	71602803	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0180		Bicalutamide	C18H14F4N2O4S	2375	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0313		Chloramphenicol	C11H12Cl2N2O5	5959	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0341		Ciprofloxacin	C17H18FN3O3	2764	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0367		Clotrimazole	C22H17ClN2	2812	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0413		Dalfopristin	C34H50N4O9S	6323289	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0416		Danazol	C22H27NO2	28417	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0426		Darunavir	C27H37N3O7S	213039	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0428		Dasatinib	C22H26ClN7O2S	3062316	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0497		Diltiazem	C22H26N2O4S	39186	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0534		Dronedarone	C31H44N2O5S	208898	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0667		Fluconazole	C13H12F2N6O	3365	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0687		Fluvoxamine	C15H21F3N2O2	5324346	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0740		Grepafloxacin	C19H22FN3O3	72474	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0793		Imatinib	C29H31N7O	5291	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D0894		Lapatinib	C29H26ClFN4O4S	208908	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D1057		Miconazole	C18H14Cl4N2O	4189	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D1134		Nifedipine	C17H18N2O6	4485	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D1136		Nilotinib	C28H22F3N7O	644241	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D1232		Pazopanib	C21H23N7O2S	10113978	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D1383		Ranolazine	C24H33N3O4	56959	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D1690		Verapamil	C27H38N2O4	2520	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
D1714		Zafirlukast	C31H33N3O6S	5717	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [3]
	UGT inhibition					Drug Num: 1
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D1528		Tafamidis	C14H7Cl2NO3	11001318	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [56], [57]
	CYP450 enzyme induction					Drug Num: 48
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0095		Apalutamide	C21H15F4N5O2S	24872560	Major		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0406		Dabrafenib	C23H20F3N5O2S2	44462760	Major		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0578		Enzalutamide	C21H16F4N4O2S	15951529	Major		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0958		Lumacaftor	C24H18F2N2O5	16678941	Major		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1258		Pexidartinib	C20H15ClF3N5	25151352	Major		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0194		Bosentan	C27H29N5O6S	104865	Major		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0255		Carbamazepine	C15H12N2O	2554	Major		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0300		Cenobamate	C10H10ClN5O2	11962412	Major		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0453		Dexamethasone	C22H29FO5	5743	Major		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0554		Efavirenz	C14H9ClF3NO2	64139	Major		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0628		Etravirine	C20H15BrN6O	193962	Major		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0697		Fosphenytoin	C16H15N2O6P	56339	Major		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1078		Mitotane	C14H10Cl4	4211	Major		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1081		Modafinil	C15H15NO2S	4236	Major		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1099		Nafcillin	C21H22N2O5S	8982	Major		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1265		Phenobarbital	C12H12N2O3	4763	Major		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1283		Phenytoin	C15H12N2O2	1775	Major		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1340		Primidone	C12H14N2O2	4909	Major		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1400		Rifampicin	C43H58N4O12	135398735	Major		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1401		Rifapentine	C47H64N4O12	135403821	Major		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1502		St. John's Wort	NA	NA	Major		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0061		Aminoglutethimide	C13H16N2O2	2145	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0071		Amobarbital	C11H18N2O3	2164	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0106		Armodafinil	C15H15NO2S	9690109	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0545		Echinacea	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [45]
D0555		Elagolix	C32H30F5N3O5	11250647	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0601		Eslicarbazepine	C15H14N2O2	9881504	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0872		Ivosidenib	C28H22ClF3N6O3	71657455	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0905		Lesinurad	C17H14BrN3O2S	53465279	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1493		Somapacitan	C54H95N13O20S2	129894493	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1495		Somatrem	C43H72N14O14	5487805	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1538		Tazemetostat	C34H44N4O4	66558664	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1546		Telotristat ethyl	C27H26ClF3N6O3	25181577	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [58]
D1687		Vemurafenib	C23H18ClF2N3O3S	42611257	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0178		Bexarotene	C24H28O2	82146	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0224		Butabarbital	C10H16N2O3	2479	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0225		Butalbital	C11H16N2O3	2481	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0432		Deferasirox	C21H15N3O4	214348	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0639		Felbamate	C11H14N2O4	3331	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D0741		Griseofulvin	C17H17ClO6	441140	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1040		Methylphenobarbital	C13H14N2O3	8271	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1198		Oxcarbazepine	C15H12N2O2	34312	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1248		Pentobarbital	C11H18N2O3	4737	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1274		Phenylbutazone	C19H20N2O2	4781	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1453		Secobarbital	C12H18N2O3	5193	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1494		Somatotropin	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1518		Sulfinpyrazone	C23H20N2O3S	5342	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
D1652		Troglitazone	C24H27NO5S	5591	Moderate		Inter Info	[5], [3]
Pharmacodynamic additive effects
	Additive thrombogenic effects					Drug Num: 1
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D1569		Thalidomide	C13H10N2O4	5426	Major		Inter Info	[11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26]
	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity					Drug Num: 20
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D0944		Lomitapide	C39H37F6N3O2	9853053	Major		Inter Info	[6]
D1556		Teriflunomide	C12H9F3N2O2	54684141	Major		Inter Info	[7], [8], [9]
D0900		Leflunomide	C12H9F3N2O2	3899	Major		Inter Info	[7], [8], [9]
D1073		Mipomersen	C230H324N67O122P19S19	118984467	Major		Inter Info	[10]
D0114		Asparaginase Escherichia coli	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[30], [31], [32], [1], [2], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40]
D0149		Bedaquiline	C32H31BrN2O2	5388906	Moderate		Inter Info	[42]
D0199		Brentuximab vedotin	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[43]
D0232		Calaspargase pegol	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[30], [31], [32], [1], [2], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40]
D0248		Cannabidiol	C21H30O2	644019	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [44]
D1239		Peginterferon beta-1a	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[48], [49], [50], [51]
D1389		Remdesivir	C27H35N6O8P	121304016	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [52], [53], [54]
D0357		Clofarabine	C10H11ClFN5O3	119182	Moderate		Inter Info	[59]
D0584		Epirubicin	C27H29NO11	41867	Moderate		Inter Info	[1], [2], [60]
D0826		Interferon beta-1a	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[48], [49], [50], [51]
D0827		Interferon beta-1b	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[48], [49], [50], [51]
D1025		Methotrexate	C20H22N8O5	126941	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [61]
D1106		Naltrexone	C20H23NO4	5360515	Moderate		Inter Info	[62]
D1234		Pegaspargase	C14H19NO	436058	Moderate		Inter Info	[30], [31], [32], [1], [2], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40]
D1589		Tioguanine	C5H5N5S	2723601	Moderate		Inter Info	[63], [64]
D1615		Trabectedin	C39H43N3O11S	108150	Moderate		Inter Info	[2], [65]
	Increased risk of other adverse reactions (Unspecific)					Drug Num: 1
Drug ID		Drug Name	Formula	Pubchem ID	Severity Level		Interaction Detail	REF
D1426		Romosozumab	NA	NA	Moderate		Inter Info	[55]

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19	Product Information. Thalomid (thalidomide). Celgene Corporation, Warren, NJ.
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21	Urbauer E, Kaufmann H, Nosslinger T, Raderer M, Drach J "Thromboembolic events during treatment with thalidomide." Blood 99 (2002): 4247-8. [PMID: 12043695]
22	Weber D, Rankin K, Gavino M, Delasalle K, Alexanian R "Thalidomide alone or with dexamethasone for previously untreated multiple myeloma." J Clin Oncol 21 (2003): 16-9. [PMID: 12506164]
23	Zangari M, Anaissie E, Barlogie B, et al "Increased risk of deep-vein thrombosis in patients with multiple myeloma receiving thalidomide and chemotherapy." Blood 98 (2001): 1614-5. [PMID: 11520815]
24	Zangari M, Barlogie B, Anaissie E, et al "Deep vein thrombosis in patients with mutiple myeloma treated with thalidomide and chemotherapy: effects of prophylactic and therapeutic anticoagulation." Br J Haematol 126 (2004): 715-21. [PMID: 15327525]
25	Zangari M, Siegel E, Barlogie B, et al "Thrombogenic activity of doxorubicin in myeloma patients receiving thalidomide: implications for therapy." Blood 100 (2002): 1168-71. [PMID: 12149193]
26	Desai AA, Vogelzang NJ, Rini BI, Ansari R, Krauss S, Stadler WM "A high rate of venous thromboembolism in a multi-institutional Phase II trial of weekly intravenous gemcitabine with continuous infusion fluorouracil and daily thalidomide in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma." Cancer 95 (2002): 1629-36. [PMID: 12365009]
27	Product Information. Agrylin (anagrelide). Roberts Pharmaceutical Corporation, Eatontown, NJ.
28	Product Information. Emend (aprepitant). Merck & Company Inc, West Point, PA.
29	Product Information. Emend for Injection (fosaprepitant). Merck & Company Inc, West Point, PA.
30	Al-Nawakil C, Willems L, Mauprivez C, et.al "Successful treatment of l-asparaginase-induced severe acute hepatotoxicity using mitochondrial cofactors." Leuk Lymphoma 55 (2014): 1670-4. [PMID: 24090500]
31	Bodmer M, Sulz M, Stadlmann S, Droll A, Terracciano L, Krahenbuhl S "Fatal liver failure in an adult patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia following treatment with L-asparaginase." Digestion 74 (2006): epub. [PMID: 16988508]
32	Cerner Multum, Inc "ANVISA Bulario Eletrnico.".
33	Christ TN, Stock W, Knoebel RW "Incidence of asparaginase-related hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, and thrombotic events in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with a pediatric-inspired regimen." J Oncol Pharm Pract 24 (2018): 299-308. [PMID: 28355969]
34	Jenkins R, Perlin E "Severe hepatotoxicity from Escherichia coli L-asparaginase." J Natl Med Assoc 79 (1987): 775-9. [PMID: 3305969]
35	Lu G, Karur V, Herrington JD, Walker MG "Successful treatment of pegaspargase-induced acute hepatotoxicity with vitamin B complex and L-carnitine" Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 29 (2016): 46-7. [PMID: 26722167]
36	Product Information. Asparlas (calaspargase pegol). Servier, Boston, MA.
37	Product Information. Elspar (asparaginase). Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
38	Product Information. Erwinaze (asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi). EUSA Pharma, Newtown, PA.
39	Product Information. Oncaspar (pegaspargase). Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA.
40	Burke PW, Aldoss I, Lunning MA, et.al "High-grade PEGylated asparaginase-related hepatotoxicity occurrence in a pediatric-inspired adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia regimen does not necessarily predict recurrent hepatotoxicity in subsequent cycles." Blood 122 (2013): 2671. [PMID: 29407583]
41	Product Information. Xeglyze (abametapir topical). Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
42	Product Information. Sirturo (bedaquiline). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
43	Product Information. Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
44	Product Information. Epidiolex (cannabidiol). Greenwich Biosciences Inc, Carlsbad, CA.
45	Gorski JC, Huang SM, Pinto A, et al. "The effect of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome P450 activity in vivo." Clin Pharmacol Ther 75 (2004): 89-100. [PMID: 14749695]
46	Product Information. Tavalisse (fostamatinib). Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA.
47	Product Information. Xenleta (lefamulin). Nabriva Therapeutics US, Inc., King of Prussia, PA.
48	Product Information. Avonex (interferon beta-1a). Biogen, Cambridge, MA.
49	Product Information. Betaseron (interferon beta-1b). Berlex, Richmond, CA.
50	Product Information. Plegridy (peginterferon beta-1a). Biogen Idec Inc, Cambridge, MA.
51	Product Information. Rebif (interferon beta-1a). Serono Laboratories Inc, Norwell, MA.
52	European Medicines Agency "Summary on compassionate use. Remdesivir Gilead.".
53	Gilead Sciences, Inc "About Remdesivir.".
54	US Food and Drug Administration "Fact sheet for health care providers emergency use authorization (EUA) of remdesivir (GS-5734TM)".
55	Product Information. Evenity (romosozumab). Amgen USA, Thousand Oaks, CA.
56	Product Information. Vyndaqel (tafamidis). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
57	Agencia Espaola de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios Healthcare "Centro de informacion online de medicamentos de la AEMPS - CIMA."
58	Product Information. Xermelo (telotristat ethyl). Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., The Woodlands, TX.
59	Product Information. Clolar (clofarabine). sanofi-aventis, Bridgewater, NJ.
60	Product Information. Ellence (epirubicin) Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
61	Product Information. Methotrexate (methotrexate). Lederle Laboratories, Wayne, NJ.
62	Product Information. ReVia (naltrexone). DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
63	Product Information. Aubagio (teriflunomide). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
64	Product Information. Tabloid (thioguanine). Prasco Laboratories, Cincinnati, OH.
65	Product Information. Yondelis (trabectedin). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.

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