Details of Drug

Details of Drug

 Drug General Information (ID: D0032)
  Drug Name
Alefacept
  Drug Type Small molecule
  Drug Synonymous
Amevive (TN)
    Click to Show/Hide
  Disease Class MG30-MG3Z: Pain
  Therapeutic Class Analgesics
  External Link
TTD ID D09ZSO

Drug-Drug Interaction Network
  Sunburst Graph
AM004  Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
AM006  Pharmacodynamic additive effects
AM007  Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
BM016  Altered formation of CYP450 enzymes
BM043  Additive immunosuppressive effects
BM044  Additive myelosuppressive effects
BM100  Antagonize the effect of vaccine/toxoid
BM105  Antagonize the effect of probiotics
BM106  Diminish the response to diagnostic skin test antigens
BM110  Antagonize the effects of immunosuppressants
  Relation Graph
 Full list of drugs interacting with Alefacept
      Affected intra/extra-hepatic metabolism
   Altered formation of CYP450 enzymes Drug Num:  55
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
 Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0045
 
Alprazolam
 
C17H13ClN4
 
2118 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0064
 
Aminophylline
 
C16H24N10O4
 
9433 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0066
 
Amiodarone
 
C25H29I2NO3
 
2157 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0069
 
Amlodipine
 
C20H25ClN2O5
 
2162 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0120
 
Atorvastatin
 
C33H35FN2O5
 
60823 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0161
 
Benzhydrocodone
 
C25H25NO4
 
49836084 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [25], [30]
D0219
 
Buprenorphine
 
C29H41NO4
 
644073 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0356
 
Clobazam
 
C16H13ClN2O2
 
2789 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0362
 
Clonazepam
 
C15H10ClN3O3
 
2802 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0450
 
Desogestrel
 
C22H30O
 
40973 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [25], [30]
D0481
 
Dicoumarol
 
C19H12O6
 
54676038 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [25], [30]
D0485
 
Dienogest
 
C20H25NO2
 
68861 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [25], [30]
D0508
 
Disopyramide
 
C21H29N3O
 
3114 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0536
 
Drospirenone
 
C24H30O3
 
68873 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0619
 
Ethinylestradiol
 
C20H24O2
 
5991 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [25], [30]
D0620
 
Ethosuximide
 
C7H11NO2
 
3291 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0626
 
Etonogestrel
 
C22H28O2
 
6917715 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0640
 
Felodipine
 
C18H19Cl2NO4
 
3333 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0646
 
Fentanyl
 
C22H28N2O
 
3345 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0664
 
Flecainide
 
C17H20F6N2O3
 
3356 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0697
 
Fosphenytoin
 
C16H15N2O6P
 
56339 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0865
 
Isradipine
 
C19H21N3O5
 
3784 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0911
 
Levamlodipine
 
C20H25ClN2O5
 
9822750 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0922
 
Levonorgestrel
 
C21H28O2
 
13109 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0927
 
Lidocaine
 
C14H22N2O
 
3676 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0956
 
Lovastatin
 
C24H36O5
 
53232 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D0990
 
Medroxyprogesterone acetate
 
C24H34O4
 
6279 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [25], [30]
D1003
 
Mephenytoin
 
C12H14N2O2
 
4060 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1011
 
Mestranol
 
C21H26O2
 
6291 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [25], [30]
D1017
 
Methadone
 
C21H27NO
 
4095 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1040
 
Methylphenobarbital
 
C13H14N2O3
 
8271 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [25], [30]
D1054
 
Mexiletine
 
C11H17NO
 
4178 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1060
 
Midazolam
 
C18H13ClFN3
 
4192 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1130
 
Nicardipine
 
C26H29N3O6
 
4474 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1134
 
Nifedipine
 
C17H18N2O6
 
4485 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1138
 
Nimodipine
 
C21H26N2O7
 
4497 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1141
 
Nisoldipine
 
C20H24N2O6
 
4499 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1154
 
Norethisterone
 
C20H26O2
 
6230 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [25], [30]
D1156
 
Norgestimate
 
C23H31NO3
 
6540478 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[23], [25], [30]
D1157
 
Norgestrel
 
C21H28O2
 
13109 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1169
 
Oliceridine
 
C22H30N2O2S
 
66553195 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1201
 
Oxtriphylline
 
C12H21N5O3
 
656652 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1203
 
Oxycodone
 
C18H21NO4
 
5284603 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1265
 
Phenobarbital
 
C12H12N2O3
 
4763 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1283
 
Phenytoin
 
C15H12N2O2
 
1775 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1340
 
Primidone
 
C12H14N2O2
 
4909 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1343
 
Procainamide
 
C13H21N3O
 
4913 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1353
 
Propafenone
 
C21H27NO3
 
4932 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1371
 
Quinidine
 
C20H24N2O2
 
441074 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1417
 
Rivaroxaban
 
C19H18ClN3O5S
 
9875401 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1473
 
Simvastatin
 
C25H38O5
 
54454 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1512
 
Sufentanil
 
C22H30N2O2S
 
41693 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1570
 
Theophylline
 
C7H8N4O2
 
2153 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1632
 
Triazolam
 
C17H12Cl2N4
 
5556 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
D1711
 
Warfarin
 
C19H16O4
 
54678486 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]
      Pharmacodynamic additive effects
   Additive immunosuppressive effects Drug Num:  204
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
 Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0146
 
Baricitinib
 
C16H17N7O2S
 
44205240 
Major    Inter Info   
[4], [5], [6]
D0348
 
Cladribine
 
C10H12ClN5O3
 
20279 
Major    Inter Info   
[5], [7]
D0661
 
Fingolimod
 
C19H33NO2
 
107970 
Major    Inter Info   
[8]
D0900
 
Leflunomide
 
C12H9F3N2O2
 
3899 
Major    Inter Info   
[9], [10]
D1111
 
Natalizumab
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[11]
D1211
 
Ozanimod
 
C23H24N4O3
 
52938427 
Major    Inter Info   
[5], [12]
D1474
 
Siponimod
 
C29H35F3N2O3
 
44599207 
Major    Inter Info   
[4], [13]
D1556
 
Teriflunomide
 
C12H9F3N2O2
 
54684141 
Major    Inter Info   
[9], [10]
D1600
 
Tofacitinib
 
C16H20N6O
 
9926791 
Major    Inter Info   
[17]
D1666
 
Upadacitinib
 
C17H19F3N6O
 
58557659 
Major    Inter Info   
[18]
D0030
 
Aldesleukin
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0004
 
Abatacept
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0006
 
Abemaciclib
 
C27H32F2N8
 
46220502 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0008
 
Acalabrutinib
 
C26H23N7O2
 
71226662 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0027
 
Aflibercept
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0048
 
Altretamine
 
C9H18N6
 
2123 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0091
 
Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse)
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0094
 
Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit)
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0118
 
Atezolizumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0129
 
Avapritinib
 
C26H27FN10
 
118023034 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0132
 
Axicabtagene ciloleucel
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0134
 
Azacitidine
 
C8H12N4O5
 
9444 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0136
 
Azathioprine
 
C9H7N7O2S
 
2265 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0150
 
Belantamab mafodotin
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0151
 
Belatacept
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0152
 
Belimumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0153
 
Belinostat
 
C15H14N2O4S
 
6918638 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0157
 
Bendamustine
 
C16H21Cl2N3O2
 
65628 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0172
 
Betamethasone
 
C22H29FO5
 
9782 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0178
 
Bexarotene
 
C24H28O2
 
82146 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0190
 
Bleomycin
 
C55H84N17O21S3+
 
5360373 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0191
 
Blinatumomab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0193
 
Bortezomib
 
C19H25BN4O4
 
387447 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0195
 
Bosutinib
 
C26H29Cl2N5O3
 
5328940 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0199
 
Brentuximab vedotin
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0203
 
Brexucabtagene autoleucel
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0204
 
Brigatinib
 
C29H39ClN7O2P
 
68165256 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0209
 
Brodalumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0215
 
Budesonide
 
C25H34O6
 
5281004 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0223
 
Busulfan
 
C6H14O6S2
 
2478 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0227
 
Cabazitaxel
 
C45H57NO14
 
9854073 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0246
 
Canakinumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0249
 
Capecitabine
 
C15H22FN3O6
 
60953 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0260
 
Carboplatin
 
C6H12N2O4Pt
 
426756 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0261
 
Carfilzomib
 
C40H57N5O7
 
11556711 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0264
 
Carmustine
 
C5H9Cl2N3O2
 
2578 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0304
 
Certolizumab pegol
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0312
 
Chlorambucil
 
C14H19Cl2NO2
 
2708 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0344
 
Cisplatin
 
Cl2H6N2Pt
 
5702198 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0357
 
Clofarabine
 
C10H11ClFN5O3
 
119182 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0376
 
Cobimetinib
 
C21H21F3IN3O2
 
16222096 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0389
 
Copanlisib
 
C23H28N8O4
 
135565596 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0392
 
Corticotropin
 
C207H308N56O58S
 
16132265 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0400
 
Cyclophosphamide
 
C7H15Cl2N2O2P
 
2907 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0404
 
Cytarabine
 
C9H13N3O5
 
6253 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0407
 
Dacarbazine
 
C6H10N6O
 
135398738 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0410
 
Dactinomycin
 
C62H86N12O16
 
457193 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0422
 
Daratumumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0428
 
Dasatinib
 
C22H26ClN7O2S
 
3062316 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0429
 
Daunorubicin
 
C27H29NO10
 
30323 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0430
 
Daunorubicin (liposomal)
 
C27H29NO10
 
30323 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0431
 
Decitabine
 
C8H12N4O4
 
451668 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0436
 
Deflazacort
 
C25H31NO6
 
189821 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0453
 
Dexamethasone
 
C22H29FO5
 
5743 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0499
 
Dimethyl fumarate
 
C6H8O4
 
637568 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0501
 
Dinutuximab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0507
 
Diroximel fumarate
 
C11H13NO6
 
73330464 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0511
 
Docetaxel
 
C43H53NO14
 
148124 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0528
 
Doxorubicin
 
C27H29NO11
 
31703 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0529
 
Doxorubicin (liposomal)
 
C27H29NO11
 
31703 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0540
 
Dupilumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0541
 
Durvalumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0543
 
Duvelisib
 
C22H17ClN6O
 
50905713 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0553
 
Efalizumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[42]
D0560
 
Elotuzumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0571
 
Enfortumab vedotin
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0584
 
Epirubicin
 
C27H29NO11
 
41867 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0594
 
Eribulin
 
C40H59NO11
 
11354606 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0627
 
Etoposide
 
C29H32O13
 
36462 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0629
 
Everolimus
 
C53H83NO14
 
6442177 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [25], [31], [32], [33]
D0666
 
Floxuridine
 
C9H11FN2O5
 
5790 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0669
 
Fludarabine
 
C10H12FN5O4
 
657237 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0671
 
Fludrocortisone
 
C21H29FO5
 
31378 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0675
 
Fluorouracil
 
C4H3FN2O2
 
3385 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0714
 
Gemcitabine
 
C9H11F2N3O4
 
60750 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0736
 
Golimumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0747
 
Guselkumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0773
 
Hydrocortisone
 
C21H30O5
 
5754 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0780
 
Hydroxyurea
 
CH4N2O2
 
3657 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0785
 
Ibrutinib
 
C25H24N6O2
 
24821094 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0788
 
Idarubicin
 
C26H27NO9
 
42890 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0789
 
Idelalisib
 
C22H18FN7O
 
11625818 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0790
 
Ifosfamide
 
C7H15Cl2N2O2P
 
3690 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0793
 
Imatinib
 
C29H31N7O
 
5291 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0801
 
Inebilizumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0806
 
Inotuzumab ozogamicin
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0829
 
Iobenguane (I-131)
 
C8H10IN3
 
60860 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0845
 
Irinotecan
 
C33H38N4O6
 
60838 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0846
 
Irinotecan (liposomal)
 
C33H38N4O6
 
60838 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0851
 
Isatuximab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0873
 
Ixabepilone
 
C27H42N2O5S
 
6445540 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0874
 
Ixazomib
 
C14H19BCl2N2O4
 
25183872 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0875
 
Ixekizumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0910
 
Levamisole
 
C11H12N2S
 
26879 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0933
 
Linezolid
 
C16H20FN3O4
 
441401 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0945
 
Lomustine
 
C9H16ClN3O2
 
3950 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0962
 
Lurbinectedin
 
C41H44N4O10S
 
57327016 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [25], [31], [32], [33]
D0964
 
Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate
 
C65H87LuN14O19S2
 
76966897 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0986
 
Mechlorethamine
 
C5H11Cl2N
 
4033 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0996
 
Melphalan
 
C13H18Cl2N2O2
 
460612 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1007
 
Mercaptopurine
 
C5H4N4S
 
667490 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1025
 
Methotrexate
 
C20H22N8O5
 
126941 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1041
 
Methylprednisolone
 
C22H30O5
 
6741 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1079
 
Mitoxantrone
 
C22H28N4O6
 
4212 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1083
 
Mogamulizumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1085
 
Monomethyl fumarate
 
C5H6O4
 
5369209 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1094
 
Mycophenolate mofetil
 
C23H31NO7
 
5281078 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1095
 
Mycophenolic acid
 
C17H20O6
 
446541 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1113
 
Naxitamab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1118
 
Nelarabine
 
C11H15N5O5
 
3011155 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1136
 
Nilotinib
 
C28H22F3N7O
 
644241 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1140
 
Niraparib
 
C19H20N4O
 
24958200 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1161
 
Obinutuzumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1162
 
Ocrelizumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1164
 
Ofatumumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1167
 
Olaparib
 
C24H23FN4O3
 
23725625 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1168
 
Olaratumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1174
 
Omacetaxine mepesuccinate
 
C29H39NO9
 
285033 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1190
 
Osimertinib
 
C28H33N7O2
 
71496458 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1193
 
Oxaliplatin
 
C8H14N2O4Pt
 
9887053 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1212
 
Paclitaxel
 
C47H51NO14
 
36314 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1213
 
Paclitaxel (protein-bound)
 
C47H51NO14
 
36314 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1214
 
Palbociclib
 
C24H29N7O2
 
5330286 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1221
 
Panobinostat
 
C21H23N3O2
 
6918837 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1232
 
Pazopanib
 
C21H23N7O2S
 
10113978 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1241
 
Pemetrexed
 
C20H21N5O6
 
135410875 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1250
 
Pentostatin
 
C11H16N4O4
 
439693 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1305
 
Plicamycin
 
C52H76O24
 
163659 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1306
 
Polatuzumab vedotin
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1312
 
Pomalidomide
 
C13H11N3O4
 
134780 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1313
 
Ponatinib
 
C29H27F3N6O
 
24826799 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1323
 
Pralatrexate
 
C23H23N7O5
 
148121 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1332
 
Prednisolone
 
C21H28O5
 
5755 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1334
 
Prednisone
 
C21H26O5
 
5865 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1345
 
Procarbazine
 
C12H19N3O
 
4915 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1398
 
Ribociclib
 
C23H30N8O
 
44631912 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1403
 
Rilonacept
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1410
 
Risankizumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1422
 
Roflumilast
 
C17H14Cl2F2N2O3
 
449193 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [50]
D1424
 
Romidepsin
 
C24H36N4O6S2
 
5352062 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1432
 
Rucaparib
 
C19H18FN3O
 
9931954 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1434
 
Ruxolitinib
 
C17H18N6
 
25126798 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1435
 
Sacituzumab govitecan
 
C76H104N12O24S
 
91668186 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1447
 
Sarilumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1448
 
Satralizumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1454
 
Secukinumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1458
 
Selinexor
 
C17H11F6N7O
 
71481097 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1467
 
Siltuximab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1476
 
Sirolimus
 
C51H79NO13
 
5284616 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [25], [31], [32], [33]
D1508
 
Streptozocin
 
C8H15N3O7
 
29327 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1526
 
Tacrolimus
 
C44H69NO12
 
445643 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [25], [31], [32], [33]
D1529
 
Tafasitamab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1532
 
Talazoparib
 
C19H14F2N6O
 
135565082 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1548
 
Temozolomide
 
C6H6N6O2
 
5394 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1549
 
Temsirolimus
 
C56H87NO16
 
6918289 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [25], [31], [32], [33]
D1551
 
Teniposide
 
C32H32O13S
 
452548 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1563
 
Tetracosactide
 
C136H210N40O31S
 
16133802 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1569
 
Thalidomide
 
C13H10N2O4
 
5426 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1575
 
Thiotepa
 
C6H12N3PS
 
5453 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1583
 
Tildrakizumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1589
 
Tioguanine
 
C5H5N5S
 
2723601 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1594
 
Tisagenlecleucel
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1599
 
Tocilizumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1610
 
Topotecan
 
C23H23N3O5
 
60700 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1615
 
Trabectedin
 
C39H43N3O11S
 
108150 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1622
 
Trastuzumab deruxtecan
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1628
 
Triamcinolone
 
C21H27FO6
 
31307 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1630
 
Triamcinolone (ophthalmic)
 
C21H27FO6
 
31307 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1639
 
Trifluridine
 
C10H11F3N2O5
 
6256 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1646
 
Trimetrexate
 
C19H23N5O3
 
5583 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1667
 
Uracil mustard
 
C8H11Cl2N3O2
 
6194 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1671
 
Ustekinumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1685
 
Vedolizumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1688
 
Venetoclax
 
C45H50ClN7O7S
 
49846579 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1697
 
Vinblastine
 
C46H58N4O9
 
13342 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [25], [31], [32], [33]
D1698
 
Vincristine
 
C46H56N4O10
 
5978 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [25], [31], [32], [33]
D1699
 
Vincristine (liposome)
 
C46H56N4O10
 
5978 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [22], [32]
D1700
 
Vinorelbine
 
C45H54N4O8
 
5311497 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [25], [31], [32], [33]
D1718
 
Zanubrutinib
 
C27H29N5O3
 
135565884 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1720
 
Zidovudine
 
C10H13N5O4
 
35370 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0033
 
Alemtuzumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0085
 
Anakinra
 
C20H23N5O7S2
 
146171046 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0147
 
Basiliximab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0402
 
Cyclosporine
 
C62H111N11O12
 
5284373 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[5], [21], [19], [22], [23], [25], [31], [32], [33]
D0442
 
Denileukin diftitox
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0614
 
Etanercept
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0717
 
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0784
 
Ibritumomab tiuxetan
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D0802
 
Infliximab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1093
 
Muromonab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1416
 
Rituximab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1613
 
Tositumomab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1614
 
Tositumomab (I-131)
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
D1621
 
Trastuzumab
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [19], [20]
      Pharmacodynamic antagonistic effects
   Antagonize the effect of vaccine/toxoid Drug Num:  23
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
 Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1744
 
Bacillus calmette-guerin substrain tice live antigen
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3]
D1839
 
Measles virus vaccine live attenuated
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3]
D1849
 
Mumps virus strain B level jeryl lynn live antigen
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3]
D1881
 
Rotavirus vaccine
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3]
D1882
 
Rubella virus vaccine
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3]
D1890
 
Smallpox (Vaccinia) Vaccine, Live
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[14], [4], [15]
D1897
 
Talimogene laherparepvec
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[16]
D1914
 
Typhoid vaccine (live)
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3]
D1920
 
Varicella Zoster Vaccine (Recombinant)
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3]
D1922
 
Yellow Fever Vaccine
 
NA
 
NA
Major    Inter Info   
[1], [2], [3]
D0089
 
Anthrax vaccine
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [34], [35]
D0366
 
Clostridium tetani toxoid antigen (formaldehyde inactivated)
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [34], [35]
D0755
 
Hepatitis A Vaccine
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [34], [35]
D0756
 
Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [34], [35]
D0767
 
Human papillomavirus type 11 L1 capsid protein antigen
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [34], [35]
D0803
 
Influenza A virus A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like antigen (propiolactone inactivated)
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [34], [35]
D0804
 
Influenza A virus A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (H5N1) antigen (formaldehyde inactivated)
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [34], [35]
D0999
 
Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine group C
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [34], [35]
D1259
 
Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 Vaccine
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[43], [14], [4], [44], [45], [46], [34], [47], [48], [49], [35]
D1307
 
Poliovirus type 1 antigen (formaldehyde inactivated)
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [34], [35]
D1662
 
Typhoid vaccine (inactivated)
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [34], [35]
D1692
 
Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR strain live antigen
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[14], [34], [35]
D1838
 
Lyme disease vaccine (recombinant OspA)
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[51]
   Antagonize the effect of probiotics Drug Num:  2
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
 Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1749
 
Bifidobacterium longum infantis
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38]
D1827
 
Lactobacillus acidophilus
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[36], [37], [38]
   Diminish the response to diagnostic skin test antigens Drug Num:  3
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
 Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D1755
 
Candida albicans
 
C29H27N2O12P
 
118855431 
Moderate    Inter Info   
[39], [40], [41]
D1912
 
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[39], [40], [41]
D1913
 
Tuberculin purified protein derivative
 
NA
 
NA
Moderate    Inter Info   
[39], [40], [41]
   Antagonize the effects of immunosuppressants Drug Num:  6
Drug ID
 
Drug Name
 Formula Pubchem ID Severity Level Interaction Detail REF
D0545
 
Echinacea
 
NA
 
NA
Minor    Inter Info   
[52], [53], [54]
D1703
 
Vitamin E
 
C29H50O2
 
14985 
Minor    Inter Info   
[52], [53], [54]
D1722
 
Zinc acetate
 
C4H6O4Zn
 
11192 
Minor    Inter Info   
[52], [53], [54]
D1723
 
Zinc chloride
 
Cl2Zn
 
5727 
Minor    Inter Info   
[52], [53], [54]
D1724
 
Zinc gluconate
 
C12H22O14Zn
 
443445 
Minor    Inter Info   
[52], [53], [54]
D1725
 
Zinc sulfate
 
O4SZn
 
24424 
Minor    Inter Info   
[52], [53], [54]
References
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2 Product Information. Attenuvax (measles virus vaccine, live, attenuated). Merck &amp Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
3 Product Information. YF-Vax (yellow fever vaccine). sanofi pasteur, Swiftwater, PA.
4 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
5 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
6 Product Information. Olumiant (baricitinib). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
7 Product Information. Leustatin (cladribine). Ortho Biotech Inc, Raritan, NJ.
8 Product Information. Gilenya (fingolimod). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
9 Product Information. Arava (leflunomide). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
10 Product Information. Aubagio (teriflunomide). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
11 Product Information. Tysabri (natalizumab). Elan Pharmaceutical/Athena Neurosciences Inc, South San Francisco, CA.
12 Product Information. Zeposia (ozanimod). Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ.
13 Product Information. Mayzent (siponimod). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
14 CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/ "Recommendations of the advisory committtee on immunization practices (ACIP): use of vaccines and immune globulins in persons with altered immunocompetence." MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 42(RR-04) (1993): 1-18. [PMID: 20300058]
15 Product Information. Dryvax (smallpox vaccine). Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
16 Product Information. Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec). Amgen USA, Thousand Oaks, CA.
17 Product Information. Xeljanz (tofacitinib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
18 Product Information. Rinvoq (upadacitinib). AbbVie US LLC, North Chicago, IL.
19 Product Information. Amevive (alefacept). Biogen, Cambridge, MA.
20 Product Information. Lonsurf (tipiracil-trifluridine). Taiho Oncology, Inc., Princeton, NJ.
21 Product Information. Actemra (tocilizumab). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
22 Product Information. Arcalyst (rilonacept). Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY.
23 Product Information. Cosentyx (secukinumab). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
24 Product Information. Gamifant (emapalumab). Sobi Inc, Ardmore, PA.
25 Product Information. Ilaris (canakinumab). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
26 Product Information. Ilumya (tildrakizumab). Merck & Company Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ.
27 Product Information. Kevzara (sarilumab). sanofi-aventis, Bridgewater, NJ.
28 Product Information. Remicade (infliximab). Centocor Inc, Malvern, PA.
29 Product Information. Simponi (golimumab). Centocor Inc, Malvern, PA.
30 Product Information. Skyrizi (risankizumab). AbbVie US LLC, North Chicago, IL.
31 Product Information. Stelara (ustekinumab). Centocor Inc, Malvern, PA.
32 Product Information. Sylvant (siltuximab). Janssen Biotech, Inc., Horsham, PA, PA.
33 Product Information. Taltz Autoinjector (ixekizumab). Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
34 Product Information. Imovax Rabies (rabies vaccine). sanofi pasteur, Swiftwater, PA.
35 Department of Health. National Health Service "Immunisation Against Infectious Disease - "The Green Book". Chapter 6: Contraindications and special considerations.".
36 Borriello SP, Hammes WP, Holzapfel W, et.al "Safety of probiotics that contain lactobacilli or bifidobacteria." Clin Infect Dis 36 (2003): 775-80. [PMID: 12627362]
37 Schlegel L, Lemerle S, Geslin P "Lactobacillus species as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised patients." Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 17 (1998): 887-8. [PMID: 10052559]
38 Salminen MK, Tynkkynen S, Rautelin H, et al. "Lactobacillus bacteremia during a rapid increase in probiotic use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Finland." Clin Infect Dis 35 (2002): 1155-60. [PMID: 12410474]
39 Product Information. Tuberculin PPD (Mantoux) (tuberculin purified protein derivative). Connaught Laboratories Ltd, Toronto, ON.
40 Product Information. Candin (candida albicans extract). Nielsen Biosciences Inc, San Diego, CA.
41 Product Information. Spherulin (coccidioidin skin test). ALK Laboratories Inc, Wallingford, CT.
42 Product Information. Raptiva (efalizumab). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
43 CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention "General Best Practice Guidelines for Immunization: Altered Immunocompetence." .
44 Product Information. Biothrax (anthrax vaccine adsorbed). Emergent BioSolutions Inc., Lansing, MI.
45 Product Information. Fluzone Influenza Vaccine (influenza virus vaccine). Connaught, Swiftwater, PA.
46 Product Information. Havrix (hepatitis A vaccine). SmithKline Beecham, Philadelphia, PA.
47 Product Information. Influenza Virus Vaccine, H5N1, Inactivated (influenza virus vaccine, H5N1, inactivated). GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
48 Product Information. Omnihib (haemophilus b conjugate vaccine). SmithKline Beecham, Philadelphia, PA.
49 CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention "Interim Clinical Considerations for Use of COVID-19 Vaccines Currently Approved or Authorized in the United States.".
50 Product Information. Daxas (roflumilast). Nycomed Inc, Princeton, NJ.
51 Shen AK, Mead PS, Beard CB. The Lyme disease vaccine--a public health perspective. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52 Suppl 3:s247-s252. [PMID: 21217171]
52 Izzo AA, Ernst E "Interactions between herbal medicines and prescribed drugs: a systematic review." Drugs 61 (2001): 2163-75. [PMID: 11772128]
53 Miller LG "Herbal medicinals: selected clinical considerations focusing on known or potential drug-herb interactions." Arch Intern Med 158 (1998): 2200-11. [PMID: 9818800]
54 Pepping J "Echinacea." Am J Health Syst Pharm 56 (1999): 121-2